CN113642842A - Department report based ecological system production value business accounting method - Google Patents
Department report based ecological system production value business accounting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecosystem production value business accounting method based on a department report, which comprises the following steps: the ecological system production value accounting index screening principle comprises a biological production principle, a human profitability principle, an economic scarcity principle, a protection effect principle, a material object measurement principle, an actual occurrence principle, a data availability principle and a non-hazard principle; the production value accounting business model of the ecological system sets the reference of the ecological system service, and the model structure, parameters and constants are solidified; the production value accounting statistical report of the ecological system of the business department defines the data source and the standard format of the business department; the ecosystem production value statistical yearbook comprises three accounts of physical quantity-functional quantity-value quantity. The invention overcomes the problem that scientific research models are not easy to repeat, can independently complete accounting through the standard data filling of business departments, and has popularization value in the aspects of ecological civilization construction and ecological product value realization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to ecological civilization construction and ecological product value realization, in particular to a method for repeatedly carrying out ecological system production value business accounting by filling statistical data in a standardized way by an accounting regional business department.
Background
The production value accounting of the ecological system is the core for constructing an ecological civilization system and is a precondition for accelerating the establishment of an ecological product value realization mechanism. The local government needs to establish a mechanism for repeatedly developing the production value accounting of the ecological system in terms of implementing the paid use of resources, the compensation of ecological environment damage, the leaving audit of natural resources and assets of leading cadres, the performance assessment of ecological civilization and the like.
However, the existing accounting still remains in scientific research, most of the accounting models adopt scientific models with ecological and physical mechanisms, the accounting models are often extremely high in specialty, the model parameters are complex and diverse, the subjective preference of parameter determination is strong, and the data precision and the data source are not uniform, so that the accounting results of different scientific researchers for the same subject are also inconsistent. In addition, due to the fact that the scientific model is high in specialty and complexity, accounting can only be performed by scientific research institutions with related knowledge backgrounds and cannot be completed by local business departments, practical significance and decision support significance of accounting of the production value of the ecological system are far lower than the effect of consciousness improvement, and application of the accounting result of the production value of the ecological system in construction of an ecological civilization system is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problems that the scientific accounting model is not easy to repeat and is difficult to compare and apply, the invention provides a method for accounting the production value of the ecological system in a business mode based on a department report. The invention discloses a method for the production value business accounting of an ecosystem based on a department report, which comprises the following steps:
1. the ecological system production value accounting index screening principle comprises a biological production principle, a human profitability principle, an economic scarcity principle, a protection success principle, a physical measurement principle, an actual occurrence principle, a data availability principle and a non-hazard principle, and provides ecological product definitions closely related to the principles;
2. the production value accounting business model of the ecological system is provided with an ecological system service standard, and the structure, parameters and constants of the model are solidified;
3. the production value accounting statistical report of the ecological system of the business department defines the data source and the standard format of the business department;
4. the ecosystem production value statistical yearbook comprises three accounts of physical quantity-functional quantity-value quantity;
the invention has the advantages that:
1. and determining the value accounting principle of the ecological system. The types of ecosystem services are various, the attribute characteristic difference is large, and in order to realize the business accounting goal that the ecosystem value accounting result can be repeated, compared and popularized, the ecosystem value accounting principle is provided and comprises the principles of human profitability, biological productivity, protection effectiveness, actual occurrence, practicality, data availability, continuous updating, non-harmfulness and the like. The accounting principles provide scales for establishing unified and normative accounting subjects for similar regions and similar ecosystems, reflect the influence of human protection, recovery or destruction activities on the value of the ecosystems, and lay the theoretical basis of the value business accounting of the ecosystems;
2. and setting an accounting standard of the ecosystem service. Products or services provided by an ecosystem for human beings do not occur anytime and anywhere, but can be realized after certain preconditions are met; the ecosystem service benchmark refers to a reference threshold value for accounting the preconditions or the real quantity of the ecosystem service. The ecological system value accounting takes accurate objective accounting as a target, an accounting standard is set according to an actual occurrence principle, the national or industrial standard is preferentially adopted, and relevant research and management experience is used for reference;
3. a 'ecosystem value statistics yearbook' (draft) is designed and compiled, and comprises ecological resource family base, ecosystem value, ecological environment protection and recovery investment and the like, which is integrated expression of ecosystem value accounting results and organic supplement of natural resource asset liability statement. The compilation of the statistical yearbook fixes the display form of the value accounting result of the ecosystem, and is beneficial to realizing the time comparison and the area comparison of the value of the ecosystem.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for the business accounting of the production value of the ecosystem based on the department report according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for the production value business accounting of the ecosystem based on the department report of the present invention comprises the following technical steps:
1. ecological system production value accounting index screening principle
The method comprises a biological production principle, a human profitability principle, an economic scarcity principle, a protection effect principle, a real object measurement principle, an actual occurrence principle, a data availability principle and a non-hazard principle, and provides an ecological product definition closely related to the principles;
the ecological product is a terminal product or service provided for human society to use and consume under the combined action of ecological system biological production and human society production, and comprises human welfare or benefits such as guaranteeing human living environment, maintaining ecological safety, providing material raw materials and mental culture services, is a life necessity which is parallel to agricultural products and industrial products and meets the beautiful life needs of human beings, and has the essential characteristics of biological productivity, human profitability, economic scarcity and success protection;
developing the principle of the ecological system production value business accounting and screening indexes, including a biological production principle, a human profitability principle, an economic scarcity principle, a protection effectiveness principle, a material object measurement principle, an actual occurrence principle, a data availability principle and a non-hazard principle;
the principle of biological productivity refers to: ecosystem services involving accounting must be continuously generated, renewable services by biological production, and non-renewable services generated purely by natural physicochemical processes should not be accounted for. Services generated by ecological system physical, chemical or spatial attributes such as hydroelectric power generation, ocean shipping, air anions formed by lightning and the like are not included;
the human profitability principle is as follows: the ecosystem service for the incorporation of accounting must be a service that ultimately directly generates benefits for human welfare, and should not be accounted for, either by generating direct profits for human welfare, or by merely maintaining the functions of the ecosystem itself, or by generating some service profits during the middle of the ecosystem service. Not including pollination services, pest control, transpiration, soil formation, nutrient circulation, water circulation, genetic diversity maintenance, and income generated by the ecosystem for other species;
the economic scarcity principle means that: ecosystem services incorporating accounting must be economically scarce, and ecosystem services of unlimited number, or without human ability to gain control, should not be accounted for. The system does not comprise services which are widely available in solar energy, oxygen, seawater and the like, do not have economic scarcity attributes and are not influenced by the protection of human ecological environment;
the principle of protective effectiveness refers to that: ecosystem services incorporating accounting must be services that are sensitive to the effects or changes of human conservation, recovery or destruction activities on the ecosystem, and should not be accounted for, depending primarily on their geographic location, nature of the service, or human uncontrollable service. The method does not comprise accounting subjects such as population composition, pollination, nutrient circulation, water quality purification, biomass and the like and virtual tourism service value which is accounted by adopting a willingness-to-pay method;
the principle of physical measurement is as follows: the ecosystem service including accounting is required to be a service capable of clearly measuring the physical quantity under the current conditions of science and technology and the like, and the service incapable of accurately acquiring the physical quantity by using scientific and technical methods such as physics, chemistry, biology and the like is not required to be accounted. Services such as cultural heritage, artistic inspiration, spiritual religion, cultural diversity and the like, and services such as biochemical substances, wild medicines, ornamental resources and the like cannot accurately acquire the real quantity at present;
the actual occurrence principle refers to that: ecosystem services that are accounted for must be services that the ecosystem actually provides to humans, and ecosystem services that do not occur, are potentially accounted for, or are accounted for using virtual hypothesis methods should not be accounted for. Services such as potential water body purification, atmosphere purification, wood and raw material providing and the like of the ecological system are not included;
the data availability criteria refer to: the ecosystem service including the accounting must be a service whose physical quantity can be directly measured or simulatively calculated through actual detection data, and the ecosystem service which has no actual detection data and can only carry out physical quantity accounting by referring to experience parameters of other regions should not be accounted. For example, although the physical quantity of the marine ecological carbon sequestration service can be measured, accurate monitoring data cannot be obtained, so that the physical quantity data can be accurately obtained and then accounted in the future;
the non-hazardous principle means: ecosystem services that are involved in accounting must be services that are beneficial or not detrimental to the ecosystem's own functionality, while services that may be detrimental to the ecosystem's own load capacity should not be accounted for. Some types of ecosystem services may be harmful to the ecosystem itself beyond a certain scale and scope, for example, the ecosystem may contain, absorb and degrade pollutants, and provide people with products such as fresh air, clean water sources, etc. through water quality air purification, solid waste disposal, etc. Therefore, the services which possibly cause the damage of the ecosystem are replaced by the final products of services such as a clean water source, fresh air and the like, and the purification effect of the ecosystem on the environment is measured by replacing the pollutant discharge amount with the environment quality;
2. ecosystem production value accounting business model
Setting an ecosystem service standard in the model, and solidifying the structure, parameters and constants of the model;
(1) clean water source
a. Accounting object
And determining an evaluation water body for checking clean water sources of the regions by referring to the river and lake range set by the first national water conservancy general survey, and determining rivers with the river basin area larger than (including) 50km2, medium-sized reservoirs and county-level or district-level drinking water sources by adjusting according to the water resource distribution and water quality monitoring conditions in the regions.
b. Accounting model
And (3) carrying out subarea evaluation on the evaluation water body by taking the control unit as a minimum calculation unit, and dividing the control unit on the area according to the border section of the cross administrative area in the accounting area and comprehensively considering the water system distribution condition and the water quality monitoring section.
Based on basic data of the clean water source service, the following evaluation models are adopted to carry out accounting on the clean water source service functional capacity:
in the formula: gwServing a physical quantity (m) for a clean water source3)；wR(i,t)Controlling surface water resource quantity (m) of unit t time period for evaluating water body i3)；wE(i,t)For evaluating the water environment quality equivalent (m) of a water body i control unit at t time period3). The evaluation model is as follows:
in the formula: p is the pollutant equivalent treatment cost (yuan); pwsIs the price per unit water resource (Yuan/m)3) (ii) a D is evaluating the exceeding equivalent of the annual main pollutants of the water body (dimensionless);
in the formula: c (r) is the concentration value (mg/L) of the r-th water quality index; c0(r) is the No. r water quality index surface water III class standard limit value；LrIs the pollution equivalent value (kg) of the r-th water quality index.
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
The service benchmark is the standard limit value of class III of surface water (C)0) (ii) a The key parameter includes a contamination equivalent value (L)r) Pollutant equivalent treatment cost (P) and water resource unit price (P)ws)。
(2) Fresh air
a. Accounting object
Taking the annual average concentration of main atmospheric pollutants in the range of accounting area as the functional entity quantity of fresh air service, and applying PM (particulate matter) published by WHO (world health organization)2.5The pollutant mortality calculation method evaluates the human health damage caused by the atmospheric pollutants, thereby utilizing a manpower cost method as the fresh air service function value for evaluation.
b. Accounting model
The fresh air service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
Ga＝P×0.0096×(C-C0)×M0
in the formula: gaIs PM2.5Exposure population variability due to concentration variation; p is the number of permanent population (people); c is PM2.5Average concentration of (g/. mu.m)3)；C0Is PM2.5The reference concentration of (d); m0All cause mortality (%); 0.0096 is PM2.5The resulting health effect coefficient;
c. service benchmarks and key parameters
PM specified by environmental air quality Standard2.5Second order concentration limit (C)0) The value is 35 mu g/m3(ii) a Key parameters include all-cause mortality (M)0)。
(3) Air negative ion supply
a. Accounting object
And accounting the total quantity of the air negative ions generated and provided by the ecological system in the region. At present, air negative ions generated by biological production and air negative ions generated by physical reaction cannot be completely separated, and the total amount of the air negative ions generated by the region is determined as an accounting object.
b. Accounting model
The physical quantity accounting formula of the air anion supply service is as follows:
in the formula: giServing air negative ions (number/a); qijAverage concentration of negative ions in quarter j for ecosystem type i3)；AiArea of ecosystem type i (hm)2)；HiThe vegetation average height (m) is the vegetation average height of an ecosystem type i, wherein forests, shrubs, arbor greenbelts and shrub greenbelts are respectively corresponding tree heights, and the water body value is 1 m; l is the service life (min) of the negative ions, and the value is 1 min; 1.314X 1015A bit unit scaling factor.
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
The service standard is the minimum concentration (Q) of negative ions beneficial to human0) The value is 600/cm3(ii) a The key parameters comprise air anion concentration (Q) and anion life (L) provided by each ecosystem type.
(4) Temperature regulation
a. Accounting object
The temperature regulation service mainly reduces the ambient temperature through the transpiration effect of vegetation, and achieves the purposes of reducing the high temperature in summer and relieving the urban heat island problem. Therefore, the temperature regulation service accounting takes the energy absorption caused by the cooling services of different ecosystems in the accounting area range as functional quantity to perform accounting.
b. Accounting model
The physical quantity accounting formula of the temperature regulation service is as follows:
in the formula: gcoolingHeat absorbed for the ecosystem (J/a); delta TiMaximum theoretical Cooling Range for the ith ecosystem type(℃/h)；ρcThe volumetric heat capacity of air is 1256J/(m DEG C); YBD (Yttrium barium copper)iCanopy density for the ith ecosystem type; a. theiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km)2)；HhThe average hourly temperature is the cumulative time (h) of the year when the average hourly temperature is greater than 26 ℃.
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
The service reference adopts the lowest air temperature (26 ℃) for starting the air conditioner for refrigeration; the key parameters comprise the cooling amplitude (delta T) of the ecological system and the volume ratio (rho) of airc)。
(5) Carbon sequestration for ecosystem
a. Accounting object
The accounting object of the carbon sequestration of the land ecosystem is the fixation of CO in the atmosphere by photosynthesis of the land ecosystem in the region2With release of CO into the atmosphere by respiration2Difference in total amount. And respectively constructing a carbon sequestration accounting model based on farmland and non-farmland ecosystems.
b. Accounting model
The ecological system carbon sequestration service physical quantity accounting is divided into two types, one type aims at cultivated land and garden ecological systems, and applies net ecological system productivity (NEP) and Carbon Consumption (CCU) of agricultural product utilizationc) The difference represents the carbon fixation amount of the ecosystem, wherein the carbon consumption of fruit utilization is removed from the arbor park, the carbon consumption of tea utilization is removed from the shrub park, and the carbon consumption of other agricultural products is removed from the cultivated land. Another class directly uses net ecosystem productivity to characterize ecosystem carbon sequestration for other ecosystems. The accounting formula is as follows:
the NEP has the following formula:
CCUcthe accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: gcCarbon fixation amount for the ecosystem (tC/a); a. theiArea of the i-th ecosystem (km)2)；CiThe carbon content per unit area of the i-th ecological system [ tC/(km)2·a)]；YiYield of i-th agricultural product; cwiThe moisture content of the i-th agricultural product; HI (high-intensity)iThe harvest index of the i-th agricultural product; cciIs the carbon content index of the i-th agricultural product.
c. Key parameter
Comprises carbon content per unit area (C), harvest index of agricultural products (HI), and water content of agricultural products (C)w) Carbon content coefficient of agricultural product (C)c)。
(6) Runoff regulation
a. Accounting object
The runoff regulation service refers to the interception, absorption and impoundment of rainfall by an ecological system, so that the rainfall is fully accumulated and redistributed. Mainly characterized by reducing surface runoff, increasing subsurface runoff and the like. And the accounting object of the runoff regulation service is the regulation quantity of the ecosystem to the runoff in the accounting area in the accounting period.
b. Accounting model
The runoff regulation service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: grRegulating runoff for ecosystem (10)3m3/a)；YBDiThe average canopy density of the ith ecosystem type is not considered in other ecosystem types except forest and shrub fields, and is replaced by 1; a. theiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km) in the area2)；PiAverage annual precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; TCHDiAverage soil thickness (mm) of the i-th ecosystem type, wherein grassTaking 50mm of land and herb green land; a isiAnd biAnd the coefficients are corresponding to the ith ecosystem type.
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
The service benchmark is to account the potential runoff under the local bare land scene; the key parameters include a and b.
(7) Regulation of flood
a. Accounting object
The accounting object of the flood storage regulation service is the peak flood amount reduced by the ecological system in the non-built area in the large rainfall period (the precipitation amount reaches 25mm and above).
b. Accounting model
The flood storage regulation service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: gfFlood regulation for ecosystem type i (10)3m3)；AiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km) in the area2)；PiAverage annual precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; a isiAnd biThe coefficient is corresponding to the type of the ith ecosystem;
c. service benchmarks and key parameters
The service benchmark adopts and calculates the flood peak amount reduced by the ecological system in the heavy rain period (the precipitation amount reaches 25mm and above) of the local non-built area; the key parameters include a and b.
(8) Rain and flood emission reduction
a. Accounting object
The difference between rain flood emission reduction and flood regulation is that the rain flood emission reduction service mainly aims at reducing flood of urban greenbelts in built areas of the accounting areas, and embodies the function of the urban greenbelts in reducing urban waterlogging.
b. Accounting model
The rainfall flood emission reduction service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: gfcCalculating flood reduction of urban green land of built-up area of area (10)3m3/a)；AiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km) in the area2)；PiAverage annual precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; a isiAnd biAnd the coefficients are corresponding to the ith ecosystem type.
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
Adopting precipitation of more than 25mm on the basis of service; the key parameters include a and b.
(9) Soil conservation
a. Accounting object
The soil conservation service refers to the process of coverage protection and nutrient and moisture regulation of soil by ecological systems such as forests, grasslands and the like, and the soil conservation capability of a natural ecological system is evaluated mainly by taking the difference value between the soil erosion amount and the actual erosion amount in an extremely degenerated bare land state as an object.
b. Accounting model
The soil conservation service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: gscIs ecological system soil retention (t/a); pimA month m precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; siAverage grade (°) for the ith ecosystem type; hiAn average altitude (m) for the ith ecosystem type; YBD (Yttrium barium copper)iIs the average canopy density for the ith ecosystem type; a isi、bi、ci、diThe coefficients are corresponding to the ith ecosystem type respectively.
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
The service benchmark adopts the method of accounting the soil erosion amount under the local extreme degradation bare land scene; the key parameters include a, b, c, d.
(10) Species conservation renewal
a. Accounting object
The species conservation and updating accounting object is the species updating rate of land species and marine species, and mainly aims at the main species of land and sea and the updating rate thereof in the accounting area.
b. Accounting model
The species conservation update service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: r ismFor species turnover rate, the plant value is 0.01, and the animal value is 0.1; delta is an environmental quality adjustment coefficient; a. theiDifferent specific grade indexes are obtained; b isjDifferent endangered grade indexes are obtained; ckDifferent protection grade indexes are obtained; n being different numbers, N1Number of species of different characteristic classes, N2Number of species, N, for different endangered classes3Number of species for different levels of protection; n is1The number of populations of different characteristic classes (this term may not be considered in the absence of data); n is2Population numbers for different endangered classes (this term may not be considered in the absence of data); n is3Population numbers for different levels of protection (this term may not be considered in the absence of data); tau is the energy conversion rate of a single species, wherein the land species is 1.44 x 1020sej and the value of marine species is 1.24 × 1019sej/seed; i is different special grades, j is different endangered grades, and k is different protection grades; m is the number of special grades, n is the number of endangered grades, and z is the number of national protection grades; a. thei、Bj、CkAll parameters are parameters, and are determined by expert scoring. If a certain species belongs to different grades, the maximum value is calculated, and the accumulation calculation is not carried out.
The accounting formula of the habitat quality adjustment coefficient is as follows:
in the formula: hYear of evaluationTo evaluate the quality of the annual habitat; hReference yearFor reference annual habitat quality.
Quality of terrestrial habitat (H)Lu Di) The method is characterized by utilizing the accumulation of forests, shrubs, parks and urban green lands, and the accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: a. theiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km)2)；SiAverage accumulation (m) for the i-th ecosystem type3/km2)；WiDetermining the weight of the ith ecosystem type by expert scoring; i is the ecosystem type; n is the number of ecosystem types.
Quality of marine habitat (H)Oceans) The method is characterized by utilizing the environmental load of COD, and the accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: q. q.sjCalculating the COD concentration of the administrative units at the lower level of the accounting area by using the average value (mg/L) of the concentrations of monitoring sites in the accounting area; q. q.srIn order to calculate the reference value, the concentration limit value (mg/L) of a second type of water quality standard specified in seawater quality standard is adopted, and the value is 3.0 mg/L; kjResponse coefficient of polluted area in different areas [ mg/(ten thousand. L)](ii) a j is a lower administrative unit of the accounting area; and m is the number of lower administrative units.
c. Key parameter
Including the species turnover rate (r)m) Specific grade index (A)i) The endangered grade index (Bj), the national protection grade index (Ck), the energy conversion rate (tau) of a single species, the weight (W) and the offshore area COD standard concentration (q0) take the value of 3 mg/L; pollutant response coefficient (K) of each administrative district.
(11) Rest service
a. Accounting object
The accounting object of the rest service mainly comprises a tour and sightseeing value and a daily rest value, wherein the tour and sightseeing value is mainly aimed at tourists from a foreign place to an accounting area, and the daily rest is mainly aimed at local residents in the accounting area.
b. Accounting model
The recreation service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
Gt＝Vs+Vd
in the formula: gtServing a total value (meta/a) for rest; vsThe tourist value (element/a) mainly comprises the expenses (element/a) such as traffic fee, scenic spot entrance ticket, shopping expense, food and lodging expense, entertainment project expense and the like; vdValue (Yuan/a) for daily rest;
wherein, the tourism value accounting formula is as follows:
Vs＝(CC+CS)×R
in the formula: CC is consumer spending (Yuan); CS is consumer remainder (Yuan); and R is a contribution rate (%), wherein the contribution rate of the land ecosystem to the tourism service is 33.57%, and the contribution rate of the marine ecosystem to the tourism service is 66.43%.
The formula for the consumer spending (CC) is:
CC＝TC+SC
in the formula: TC is time cost (dollar); SC is direct expense (Yuan) and is replaced by travel income.
The time cost TC is calculated by the formula:
TC＝PS×TCP
in the formula: PS is the number of tourists, TCP is the average time cost of each person, and the value is 26.94 yuan/person;
the calculation formula of the remaining CS of the consumer is:
CS＝PS×CSP
in the formula: CSP is average consumer residue of each person, and the value is 96.84 yuan/person;
the accounting formula of daily rest value is as follows:
in the formula: f is the total value (Yuan) of the houses in the market in the designated area; s is the rate of contribution of the house price, wherein the rate of contribution of the green land landscape to the house price is 1.52 percent, and the rate of contribution of the ocean landscape to the house price is 4.93 percent;
the calculation formula of the total house value is as follows:
F＝P×A×M
wherein P is the town population (human); a is the building area (m) of the average residential quarter of urban residents2) (ii) a And M is the house bargaining average price.
c. Key parameter
Including average time cost per person (TCP), average consumer remaining per person (CSP), land and sea contribution rates to tourist sightseeing (R), land and sea contribution rates to house prices (S).
(12) Cleaning the ocean
a. Accounting object
Clean marine service refers to the degradation, absorption and conversion of various marine pollutants generated by the marine ecosystem to humans, thereby providing clean marine environmental service to humans. The accounting object of the clean marine service is the total emission amount of three main pollutants of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in the range of offshore area of accounting area
b. Accounting model
The clean marine service physical quantity accounting formula is as follows:
in the formula: goThe i pollutant index marine environment load (ten thousand) required for maintaining the reference water quality; q. q.sijMonitoring the concentration (mg/L) of the i-th pollutant amount in the j-th lower administrative unit; q. q.si0Concentration limit value (mg/L) of class II water quality standard corresponding to class i pollutant specified in seawater quality standard; k is a radical ofjResponse coefficient of the administrative unit under jth level of the pollutant [ mg/(ten thousand. L)]。
c. Service benchmarks and key parameters
The service standard adopts the concentration limit value (q) of the second type of water quality standard specified in the seawater quality Standard (GB 3097-1997)0) (mg/L); the key parameter is the contaminant response coefficient (k).
The business models for accounting the production values of the ecosystems from (1) to (12) solidify the key parameters in the models, which is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 solidification parameters in the ecosystem production value business statistical empirical model
3. Accounting statistical report form for production value of ecological system of business department
The report forms define the data sources (tables 2-4) of the business departments, and the statistical data come from the conventional monitoring, project monitoring, scientific research survey, resource clearing, statistical data and other business data of the business departments of checking out the ecological environment, natural resources, water conservancy, tourism, residential buildings, meteorology, oceans, statistics and the like in the region, questionnaire survey, remote sensing data, ecological background data, literature data, internet open source data and the like;
TABLE 2 ecological System production value Business accounting Observation, monitoring basic data related requirements
TABLE 3 relevant requirements of basic data such as remote sensing, statistics and the like for the production value business accounting of the ecosystem
TABLE 4 Internet open source data related requirements in rest service accounting
| Data name | Data source |
| Residential district | Resident guest |
| Commercial complex | Baidu map |
| Park and park entrance | Accounting area municipal garden department website, Baidu map |
| Government of city and each district | Baidu map |
| Public kindergarten | Accounting regional education department website, Baidu map |
| Public primary school | Accounting regional education department website, Baidu map |
| Public standing junior middle school | Accounting regional education department website, Baidu map |
| Comprehensive hospital | Accounting regional health department website, Baidu map |
| Bus stop | Baidu map |
| Real-time traffic data | (Internet open source data) Baidu development platform SDK |
4. Ecological system production value statistics yearbook
The yearbook comprises three accounts of physical quantity-functional quantity-value quantity; the method is divided into eleven parts: accounting basic outline of the region; (II) ecological resource elements; (III) ecosystem value; (IV) calculating the service value statistical result of each ecosystem; (ten) ecological environment protection investment; and appendix, including other ecological system services in the accounting area, ecological resource element classification and coding table, equivalent factor table, key parameter table and main statistical index explanation. See table 5 for details.
TABLE 5 ecological System production value statistical yearbook content requirement
TABLE 6 ecological resource element classification and coding table
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not limited. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for the business accounting of the production value of an ecosystem based on a department report comprises the following steps:
establishing a screening principle for developing ecological system production value accounting indexes, including a biological production principle, a human profitability principle, an economic scarcity principle, a protection success principle, a material object measurement principle, an actual occurrence principle, a data availability principle and a non-hazard principle, and providing an ecological product definition closely related to the principles;
constructing an ecosystem production value accounting business model, setting an ecosystem service standard in the model, and solidifying a model structure, parameters and constants;
designing a production value accounting statistical report of an ecosystem of a business department, and defining a data source and a standard format of the business department;
and generating a production value statistical yearbook of the ecosystem, wherein the production value statistical yearbook comprises three accounts of physical quantity-functional quantity-value quantity.
2. The method for the ecosystem production value business accounting based on department report forms according to claim 1, wherein a principle of developing ecosystem production value accounting index screening is established, and ecological product definitions closely related to the principle are provided; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the ecological product is a terminal product or service provided for human society to use and consume under the combined action of ecological system biological production and human society production, and comprises human welfare or benefits such as guaranteeing human living environment, maintaining ecological safety, providing material raw materials and mental culture services, is a life necessity which is parallel to agricultural products and industrial products and meets the beautiful life needs of human beings, and has the essential characteristics of biological productivity, human profitability, economic scarcity and success protection;
developing the principle of the ecological system production value business accounting and screening indexes, including a biological production principle, a human profitability principle, an economic scarcity principle, a protection effectiveness principle, a material object measurement principle, an actual occurrence principle, a data availability principle and a non-hazard principle;
the principle of biological productivity refers to: ecosystem services involving accounting must be continuously generated by biological production, renewable services, and non-renewable services generated purely by natural physicochemical processes, should not be accounted for; services generated by ecological system physical, chemical or spatial attributes such as hydroelectric power generation, ocean shipping, air anions formed by lightning and the like are not included;
the human profitability principle is as follows: the ecosystem service for the accounting is required to be a service which can directly generate benefit finally for human welfare, and the service which can not generate direct income for human welfare or only can maintain the function of the ecosystem or generate some service income in the middle process of the ecosystem service should not be accounted; not including pollination services, pest control, transpiration, soil formation, nutrient circulation, water circulation, genetic diversity maintenance, and income generated by the ecosystem for other species;
the economic scarcity principle means that: ecosystem services incorporating accounting must be economically scarce, and ecosystem services of unlimited number or without the ability of humans to gain control should not be accounted for; the system does not comprise services which are widely available in solar energy, oxygen, seawater and the like, do not have economic scarcity attributes and are not influenced by the protection of human ecological environment;
the principle of protective effectiveness refers to that: the ecosystem service including accounting is required to be a service capable of sensitively reflecting the influence or change of human protection, recovery or destruction activities on the ecosystem, and the accounting is not required mainly depending on the geographic region, the service of natural conditions or the service which is uncontrollable by human; the method does not comprise accounting subjects such as population composition, pollination, nutrient circulation, water quality purification, biomass and the like and virtual tourism service value which is accounted by adopting a willingness-to-pay method;
the principle of physical measurement is as follows: the ecosystem service including accounting must be a service which can clearly measure the physical quantity under the conditions of the current science and technology and the like, and the service which can not accurately obtain the physical quantity by using the scientific and technical methods of physics, chemistry, biology and the like should not be accounted; services such as cultural heritage, artistic inspiration, spiritual religion, cultural diversity and the like, and services such as biochemical substances, wild medicines, ornamental resources and the like cannot accurately acquire the real quantity at present;
the actual occurrence principle refers to that: ecosystem services that are included in accounting must be services that the ecosystem actually provides for humans, and ecosystem services that do not occur, are potential, or are accounted for using virtual hypothesis methods should not be accounted for; services such as potential water body purification, atmosphere purification, wood and raw material providing and the like of the ecological system are not included;
the data availability criteria refer to: the ecosystem service for carrying out the accounting must be a service in which the real quantity can be directly measured or simulated and calculated through actual detection data, and the ecosystem service which only carries out the real quantity accounting by using experience parameters of other regions without the actual detection data should not be accounted; although physical quantity of the marine ecological carbon sequestration service can be measured, accurate monitoring data cannot be obtained, so that the physical quantity data can be accurately obtained and then accounted in the future;
the non-hazardous principle means: ecosystem services incorporating accounting must be services that are beneficial or harmless to the ecosystem's own function, while services that may be detrimental to the ecosystem's own bearing capacity should not be accounted for; some ecosystem service types can cause harm to the ecosystem when exceeding a certain scale and range, for example, the ecosystem can contain, absorb and degrade pollutants, and provide products such as fresh air, clean water source and the like for human beings through services such as water quality air purification, solid waste disposal and the like; therefore, the services which may cause the damage of the ecosystem should be replaced by the final products of services such as clean water source, fresh air and the like, and the environment purification effect of the ecosystem on the environment is measured by replacing the pollutant discharge amount with the environment quality.
3. The method for the ecosystem production value business accounting based on department report forms according to claim 1, wherein a business model of the ecosystem production value accounting is constructed, an ecosystem service benchmark is set, and a model structure, parameters and constants are solidified; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the clean water source service function accounting model is as follows:
in the formula: gwServing a physical quantity (m) for a clean water source3)；wR(i，t)Controlling surface water resource quantity (m) of unit t time period for evaluating water body i3)；wE(i，t)For evaluating the water environment quality equivalent (m) of a water body i control unit at t time period3) (ii) a The service standard is a standard limit value of surface water class III; the key parameters comprise a pollution equivalent value, a pollutant equivalent treatment cost and a unit water resource price;
the fresh air service function accounting model comprises the following steps:
Ga＝P×0.0096×(C-C0)×M0
in the formula: gaIs PM2.5Exposure population variability due to concentration variation; p is the number of permanent population (people); c is PM2.5Average concentration of (g/. mu.m)3)；C0Is PM2.5The reference concentration of (d); m0All cause mortality (%); 0.0096 is PM2.5The resulting health effect coefficient; PM specified by environmental air quality Standard2.5Second order concentration limit of 35 μ g/m3(ii) a Key parameters include all-cause mortality;
the air negative ion supply service function accounting model comprises the following steps:
in the formula: giServing air negative ions (number/a); qijAverage concentration of negative ions in quarter j for ecosystem type i3)；AiArea of ecosystem type i (hm)2)；HiThe vegetation average height (m) is the vegetation average height of an ecosystem type i, wherein forests, shrubs, arbor greenbelts and shrub greenbelts are respectively corresponding tree heights, and the water body value is 1 m; l is the service life (min) of the negative ions, and the value is 1 min; 1.314X 1015A bit unit conversion factor; the service standard is the minimum concentration of negative ions beneficial to human being, and the value is 600/cm3(ii) a The key parameters comprise the air anion concentration and the anion service life provided by each ecosystem type;
the temperature regulation service function accounting model comprises the following steps:
in the formula: gcoolingHeat absorbed for the ecosystem (J/a); delta TiThe maximum theoretical cooling amplitude (DEG C/h) of the ith ecosystem type; rhocThe volumetric heat capacity of air is 1256J/(m DEG C); YBD (Yttrium barium copper)iCanopy density for the ith ecosystem type; a. theiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km)2)；HhThe annual accumulated time length (h) of the average hourly temperature being more than 26 ℃; service benchmark adopts open air conditioner systemCold minimum air temperature (26 ℃); the key parameters comprise the cooling amplitude of the ecological system and the volume ratio of air;
the accounting model of the carbon sequestration service function of the ecosystem comprises the following steps:
in the formula: gc is the solid carbon content of the ecosystem (tC/a); NEP is net ecosystem productivity; CCUcCarbon consumption for agricultural product utilization; the key parameters comprise the carbon content per unit area, the harvest index of agricultural products, the water content of the agricultural products and the carbon content coefficient of the agricultural products;
the runoff regulation service function accounting model comprises the following steps:
in the formula: grRegulating runoff for ecosystem (10)3m3/a)；YBDiThe average canopy density of the ith ecosystem type is not considered in other ecosystem types except forest and shrub fields, and is replaced by 1; a. theiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km) in the area2)；PiAverage annual precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; TCHDiAverage soil thickness (mm) for type i ecosystem, where grass and grass greens are 50 mm; a isiAnd biThe coefficient is corresponding to the type of the ith ecosystem; the service benchmark is to account the potential runoff under the local bare land scene; key parameters include a and b;
the flood regulation service function accounting model is as follows:
in the formula: gfFlood regulation for ecosystem type i (10)3m3)；AiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km) in the area2)；PiAverage annual precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; a isiAnd biThe coefficient is corresponding to the type of the ith ecosystem; the service benchmark adopts and calculates the flood peak amount reduced by the ecological system in the heavy rain period (the precipitation amount reaches 25mm and above) of the local non-built area; key parameters include a and b;
the rainfall flood emission reduction service function accounting model is as follows:
in the formula: gfcCalculating flood reduction of urban green land of built-up area of area (10)3m3/a)；AiArea of the i-th ecosystem type (km) in the area2)；PiAverage annual precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; a isiAnd biThe coefficient is corresponding to the type of the ith ecosystem; adopting precipitation of more than 25mm on the basis of service; key parameters include a and b;
the soil conservation service function accounting model is as follows:
in the formula: gscIs ecological system soil retention (t/a); pimA month m precipitation (mm) for the ith ecosystem type; siAverage grade (°) for the ith ecosystem type; hiAn average altitude (m) for the ith ecosystem type; YBD (Yttrium barium copper)iIs the average canopy density for the ith ecosystem type; a isi、bi、ci、diRespectively corresponding coefficients of the ith ecosystem type; the service benchmark adopts the method of accounting the soil erosion amount under the local extreme degradation bare land scene; the key parameters comprise a, b, c and d;
the species conservation update service function accounting model comprises the following steps:
in the formula: r ismFor species turnover rate, the plant value is 0.01, and the animal value is 0.1; delta is an environmental quality adjustment coefficient; a. theiDifferent specific grade indexes are obtained; b isjDifferent endangered grade indexes are obtained; ckDifferent protection grade indexes are obtained; n being different numbers, N1Number of species of different characteristic classes, N2Number of species, N, for different endangered classes3Number of species for different levels of protection; n is1The number of populations with different characteristic grades; n is2The population quantity of different endangered grades; n is3The number of populations with different protection levels; tau is the energy conversion rate of a single species, wherein the land species is 1.44 x 1020sej and the value of marine species is 1.24 × 1019sej/seed; i is different special grades, j is different endangered grades, and k is different protection grades; m is the number of special grades, n is the number of endangered grades, and z is the number of national protection grades; a. thei、Bj、CkAll parameters are parameters, and are determined by adopting expert scoring; if a certain species belongs to different grades, calculating by using the maximum value of the species, and not performing accumulation calculation; the key parameters comprise species update rate, specific grade index, endangered grade index, national protection grade index, energy conversion rate of single species, weight and offshore area COD standard concentration, and the value is 3 mg/L; pollutant response coefficients of each administrative area;
the accounting model of the rest service function is as follows:
Gt＝Vs+Kd
in the formula: gtServing a total value (meta/a) for rest; vsThe tourist value (element/a) mainly comprises the expenses (element/a) such as traffic fee, scenic spot entrance ticket, shopping expense, food and lodging expense, entertainment project expense and the like; vdValue (Yuan/a) for daily rest; key parameters include average time cost per person, average consumer remaining per person, land and sea versus travel viewsLight contribution rate, land and ocean contribution rate to the room price;
the clean marine service function model is as follows:
in the formula: goThe i pollutant index marine environment load (ten thousand) required for maintaining the reference water quality; q. q.sijMonitoring the concentration (mg/L) of the i-th pollutant amount in the j-th lower administrative unit; qi0The concentration limit value (mg/L) of the class II water quality standard corresponding to the class i pollutant specified in the seawater quality standard; k is a radical ofjResponse coefficient of the administrative unit under jth level of the pollutant [ mg/(ten thousand. L)](ii) a The service standard adopts the concentration limit value (mg/L) of a second type of water quality standard specified in seawater quality standard; the key parameter is the pollutant response coefficient.
4. The method for the ecosystem production value business accounting based on department report forms according to claim 1, wherein a statistical report form for the business department to develop the ecosystem production value accounting is designed, and the data source and the standard format of the business department are defined; the method specifically comprises the following steps:
for carrying out the production value business accounting of the ecological system, the statistical data come from business data such as conventional monitoring, project monitoring, scientific research survey, resource clearing, statistical data and the like of business departments such as ecological environment, natural resources, water conservancy, tourism, residential building, weather, ocean, statistics and the like in an accounting area, and questionnaire survey, remote sensing data, ecological background data, literature data and internet open source data.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the ecosystem production value service accounting method based on department report includes three major accounts, physical quantity-functional quantity-value quantity.
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| CN116188062A (en) * | 2023-05-04 | 2023-05-30 | 南京信息工程大学 | Digital quantitative supervision and processing analysis system based on rural ecological value |
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