CN114033346B - Deep geothermal exploitation method based on carbon dioxide medium - Google Patents
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
- E21B43/2605—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures using gas or liquefied gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G—SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS; MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03G7/00—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for
- F03G7/04—Mechanical-power-producing mechanisms, not otherwise provided for or using energy sources not otherwise provided for using pressure differences or thermal differences occurring in nature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy
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Abstract
The invention provides a deep geothermal exploitation method based on a carbon dioxide medium, which comprises the following steps: s1: drilling injection and production wells: s2: fracturing an injection well and a production well; s3: CO 2 2 Fracturing; s4: CO 2 2 Utilizing heat energy; s5: CO 2 2 Recycling; step S6: CO 2 2 And (7) sealing and storing. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method adopts CO 2 Being a fracturing medium and a heat exchange medium, CO 2 The fracturing medium can reduce the pressure loss and the fracturing difficulty in the flowing process of the fracturing fluid, increase the heat exchange area of the heat storage stratum, promote the mutual communication of a microcrack network system and save the time for reservoir transformation; with CO 2 Can be used as heat exchange medium to improve heat extraction capability of heat storage stratum, and can remove a large amount of CO during and after heat exchange 2 And the carbon is sealed in the underground deep part, so that the realization of carbon peak reaching and carbon neutralization is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of new energy development and application, in particular to a deep geothermal exploitation method based on a carbon dioxide medium.
Background
Global fossil energy is continuously consumed since the second industrial revolution, and the future faces the risk of exhaustion. The energy safety is related to the long peace of the country and the happy life of people, and the changes of the countryside over the earth are reformed and opened, and the brilliant achievements cannot leave the support of natural resources represented by fossil energy. Because primary energy sources such as coal, petroleum and the like account for a large proportion of energy consumption in China, carbon dioxide and various nitrogen oxides can be released while the energy consumption is carried out, and the ecological environment is damaged. Therefore, the main attack direction of the energy structure needs to be changed, clean low-carbon energy and non-fossil energy are effectively utilized, the energy structure of China is optimized, and the ecological civilization construction of the country is promoted. Geothermal resources are used as clean energy, and are regarded as one of the development directions of future energy by countries in the world due to the advantages of huge reserves, wide distribution and the like. The dry hot rock as a clean renewable energy source is the most potential part of geothermal energy, and the development of the dry hot rock is beneficial to the energy structure transformation of China, and the carbon peak reaching and the carbon neutralization are promoted. If high-temperature Geothermal heat stored in hot dry rock is developed and utilized, an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) needs to be established, which is a key technology for extracting heat. EGS is an artificial reservoir with high permeability formed by changing the conditions of extremely low permeability rock strata by artificial means such as hydraulic fracturing or blasting, and a large amount of thermal resources stored in hot dry rock are replaced by low-temperature working fluid injected into the strata and used for actual production and life.
The construction means of the geothermal reservoir commonly used at present is a hydraulic fracturing technology, and the defects of the construction means are prominent: the peak pressure of rock breaking is insufficient, the water body filtration loss is serious, the damage to a reservoir is large, a plurality of parts of the reservoir cannot be effectively excited, and the heat storage and recovery are limited. Therefore, new effective rock breaking development means for improving the heat extraction capability of the geothermal reservoir is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, in order to improve the heat extraction capability of the geothermal reservoir and improve the utilization efficiency of geothermal energy, the invention provides a deep geothermal exploitation method based on a carbon dioxide medium, which comprises the following steps:
s1: drilling an injection well and a production well; selecting a geothermal reservoir, drilling an injection well and a production well, enabling the injection well and the production well to penetrate through the geothermal reservoir, and drilling a plurality of fracturing branch wells in the injection well and the production well;
s2: fracturing injection and production wells; injecting a plurality of CO along the wellhead of an injection well and a production well 2 The phase change fracturing device is arranged in the fracturing branch well to control all CO 2 The phase change cracking device is detonated to lead all the cracking branches to be crackedA fission seam is generated on the wall of the well;
S3：CO 2 fracturing; injecting supercritical CO into an injection well 2 Fracturing fluid to geothermal reservoir, supercritical CO 2 The fracturing fluid further expands and extends the fissile seams to form a heat exchange channel communicated with the injection well and the production well;
S4：CO 2 utilizing heat energy; setting CO at the wellhead of a production well 2 Power generation system with continuous injection of supercritical CO from injection well head 2 Supercritical CO as a heat exchange medium 2 Overflowing from the wellhead of the production well through a heat exchange channel and supercritical CO 2 Absorbing heat, CO, while passing through heat-storage formations 2 Power generation system utilizing CO 2 The carried heat generates electricity.
Further, the mining method further comprises the step S5:
step S5: CO 2 2 Recycling; CO subjected to thermoelectric conversion process in step S4 2 Performing supercritical treatment to convert into supercritical CO 2 And is continuously used as a heat exchange medium in step S4 to realize CO 2 The recycling of (2).
Further, the mining method further includes step S6:
step S6: CO 2 2 Sealing and storing; after the heat of the formation of the geothermal reservoir is completely exploited, the production well is closed, and then a certain amount of CO is continuously injected 2 After closing the injection well, the part of CO is introduced 2 And sealing and storing underground.
Further, the fracturing branch wells in step S1 are both perpendicular to the injection well and the production well connected thereto.
Further, in step S2, supercritical CO is added 2 The mode of injecting the fracturing fluid into the geothermal reservoir is as follows: supercritical CO is pumped by a fracturing pump truck 2 And injecting the mixture into the geothermal reservoir from the wellhead of the injection well.
Further, in step S1, the number of the injection wells is one or more, the number of the production wells is more, and the production wells are arranged around the injection wells.
The carbon dioxide medium-based deep geothermal exploitation method has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Using CO 2 Compared with the traditional hydraulic fracturing method, the method has the advantages of high fracturing efficiency, uniform fracture forming, controllable bursting pressure, simple device, high economic benefit and the like;
(2) Supercritical CO 2 The fracturing fluid has the characteristics of high density, low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient and low surface tension, is easy to penetrate through microcracks and form a large number of complex microcrack networks when being used as the fracturing fluid, is easy to flow in a reservoir and reduces the pressure loss in the flowing process of the fracturing fluid;
(3) CO compared to other fracturing fluids 2 The corrosion resistance is avoided, the characteristics of low friction coefficient, strong diffusion capacity, strong permeability and the like are realized, the micro cracks and pores can be more easily permeated, the seepage area of the hot dry rock reservoir is increased, the intercommunication of a micro crack network system is promoted, and the reservoir modification time is saved;
(4) Compared with the traditional hydraulic fracturing, supercritical CO is adopted 2 The rock breaking threshold pressure serving as a fracturing medium is greatly reduced, and the fracturing difficulty is reduced;
(5)CO 2 has strong sensitivity to temperature and pressure, and has better compressibility and expansibility than water. Under the same injection-production pressure difference, the total heat extraction rate reaches about 1.6 times of that of water, and the heat extraction capacity is stronger;
(6) During and after geothermal exploitation, a large amount of CO can be recovered 2 The reservoir is buried in the deep underground part in the reservoir construction link, the reservoir reconstruction link and the convective heat exchange link, so that a large amount of CO is sealed and stored while geothermal resources are exploited 2 Greenhouse gases, which are beneficial to realizing 'carbon peak reaching' and 'carbon neutralization'.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the method for deep geothermal exploitation based on a carbon dioxide medium before fracturing according to the embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the effect of the embodiment of the invention after fracturing in a method for deep geothermal exploitation based on a carbon dioxide medium.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method of deep geothermal mining based on a carbon dioxide medium in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure, 1-injection well, 11-production well, 2-fracturing branch well and 3-CO 2 Phase change crack initiator, 4-fission seam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a method for deep geothermal mining based on carbon dioxide medium according to the present invention includes the following steps:
s1: drilling an injection well 1 and a production well 11; selecting a geothermal reservoir, drilling an injection well 1 and a production well 11, enabling the injection well 1 and the production well 11 to penetrate through the geothermal reservoir, and drilling a plurality of fracturing branch wells 2 in the injection well 1 and the production well 11;
wherein the number of the injection well 1 can be one or more, the number of the production well 11 is multiple, the production well 11 is arranged around the injection well 1, in the embodiment, the fracturing branch well 2 is realized by adopting a horizontal well drilling technology, namely, a plurality of fracturing branch wells 2 vertical to the injection well 1 and the production well 11 are drilled in the injection well 1 and the production well 11, so that the heat exchange areas of the injection well 1 and the production well 11 can be enlarged.
S2: injection well 1 and production well 11 are fractured; multiple CO 2 The phase change cracking device 3 is arranged in a cracking branch well 2 in the injection well 1 and the production well 11 for controlling all CO 2 The phase change fracturing device 3 is fractured and detonated, so that the well walls of all the fracturing branch wells 2 generate fission seams 4;
CO 2 the process of cracking and detonating of the phase change cracking device 3 comprises the following steps: CO 2 2 Injecting supercritical CO into the fracturing pipe of the phase change fracturing device 3 2 Start-up of CO 2 Electromagnetic initiator in phase change cracking device 3 for CO 2 The heating tube in the phase change cracking device 3 is electrified to release a large amount of heat, CO 2 Supercritical CO in the liquid storage tube of the phase change cracking device 3 2 The phase change is carried out by heating, and the pressure in the cracking tube is increased. When CO is present 2 When the pressure in the liquid storage pipe of the phase change cracking device 3 exceeds the rated pressure of the shear slice, CO 2 The cutting sheet of the phase change cracking device 3 is broken, and CO in a supercritical state 2 Instantaneously releasing pressure and expanding into high-pressure gas to generateA stress wave. The stress generated by the stress wave to the well wall of the fracturing branch well 2 is far greater than the dynamic compressive strength of the rock mass, so that the rock mass around the fracturing branch well wall generates strong compression deformation to form a fissile joint. CO used in this example 2 The phase change cracking device 3 is of an existing structure.
S3：CO 2 Fracturing; injection of supercritical CO into injection well 1 2 Fracturing fluid to geothermal reservoir, supercritical CO 2 The fracturing fluid flows into the fissile cracks 4 and supercritical CO is generated 2 The fracturing action of the fracturing fluid further expands and extends the fissile joints 4 to form heat exchange channels for communicating the injection well 1 with the production well 11; heat exchange channels for supercritical CO injection into injection wells 2 Can flow into the production well 11 through the heat exchange channel, and supercritical CO 2 When the heat exchange channel flows, the high-temperature rocks in the geothermal reservoir heat the rocks to change the rocks into a high-temperature state.
In this embodiment, the out-of-range state CO 2 The high-pressure injection of the fracturing fluid is realized by a fracturing pump truck injection mode.
S4：CO 2 Utilizing heat energy; after the heat exchange channel between the injection well 1 and the production well 11 is generated by means of fracturing, CO is arranged at the wellhead of the production well 11 2 Power generation system and continuous injection of supercritical CO from injection well 1 wellhead 2 Supercritical CO as a heat exchange medium 2 Flows into the production well 11 through the heat exchange channel and is in a supercritical state CO 2 Is heated to a high temperature state by the rock with high temperature in the geothermal reservoir when flowing in the geothermal reservoir, CO 2 Power generation system utilizing CO 2 The heat of the power generation is used for generating power, and CO after power generation 2 After heat exchange, temperature reduction and pressure reduction, the mixture is converted into CO 2 A gas.
Step S5: CO 2 2 Recycling; converting the CO of step S4 by thermoelectric conversion 2 Performing supercritical treatment to convert into supercritical CO 2 And continues to be used as a heat exchange medium in step S4 to realize CO 2 The recycling of (2).
Step S6: CO 2 2 Sealing and storing; after the heat of the stratum of the geothermal reservoir is exploited, the production well 11 is closed, and thenContinuous injection of a certain amount of CO 2 After reaching the injection well 1, the injection well is closed and the CO is partially introduced 2 And (5) sealing and storing underground.
In this document, the terms front, back, upper and lower are used to define the components in the drawings and the positions of the components relative to each other, and are used for clarity and convenience of the technical solution. It is to be understood that the use of the directional terms should not be taken to limit the scope of the claims.
The features of the embodiments and embodiments described herein above may be combined with each other without conflict.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A deep geothermal exploitation method based on carbon dioxide medium is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: drilling an injection well and a production well; selecting a geothermal reservoir, drilling an injection well and a production well, enabling the injection well and the production well to penetrate through the geothermal reservoir, and drilling a plurality of fracturing branch wells in the injection well and the production well;
s2: fracturing injection and production wells; injecting a plurality of CO along the wellhead of an injection well and a production well 2 The phase change cracking device is arranged in the cracking branch well to control all CO 2 Detonating the phase change fracturing device to enable the well walls of all the fracturing branch wells to generate fissile seams;
S3：CO 2 fracturing; injecting supercritical CO into an injection well 2 Fracturing fluid to geothermal reservoir, supercritical CO 2 The fracturing fluid further expands and extends the fissile seams to form a heat exchange channel communicated with the injection well and the production well;
S4：CO 2 utilizing heat energy; setting CO at the mouth of a production well 2 Power generation system with continuous injection of supercritical CO from injection well head 2 As a heat exchange medium, supercritical CO 2 Overflowing from the wellhead of the production well through a heat exchange channel and supercritical CO 2 Absorbing heat, CO, while passing through heat-storage formations 2 Power generation system utilizing CO 2 The carried heat generates electricity.
2. A method of geothermal mining in depth based on a carbon dioxide medium according to claim 1, characterised in that: the mining method further comprises the step S5:
step S5: CO 2 2 Recycling; converting the CO of step S4 by thermoelectric conversion 2 Performing supercritical treatment to convert into supercritical CO 2 And continues to be used as a heat exchange medium in step S4 to realize CO 2 The recycling of (2).
3. A method of deep geothermal mining based on a carbon dioxide medium according to claim 2, characterised in that: the mining method further includes step S6:
step S6: CO 2 2 Sealing and storing; after the heat of the formation of the geothermal reservoir is completely exploited, the production well is closed, and then a certain amount of CO is continuously injected 2 After closing the injection well, the part of CO is introduced 2 And (5) sealing and storing underground.
4. A method of geothermal mining in depth based on a carbon dioxide medium according to claim 1, characterised in that: the fracturing branch wells in the step S1 are perpendicular to the injection well and the production well connected with the fracturing branch wells.
5. A method for deep geothermal mining of a carbon dioxide based medium according to claim 1, wherein: in step S2, supercritical CO is added 2 The mode of injecting the fracturing fluid into the geothermal reservoir is as follows: supercritical CO is pumped by a fracturing pump truck 2 And injecting the mixture into the geothermal reservoir from the wellhead of the injection well.
6. A method of geothermal mining in depth based on a carbon dioxide medium according to claim 1, characterised in that: in step S1, the number of injection wells is one or more, the number of production wells is more, and the production wells are arranged around the injection wells.
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| CN114575798A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-06-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | By using supercritical CO2Thermodynamic system for exploiting geothermal energy of low-temperature exhausted gas reservoir |
| CN114673479B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-11-08 | 中国矿业大学 | Based on heterogeneous state CO 2 Horizon type geothermal strengthening mining method |
| CN114673480B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-11-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Based on heterogeneous CO 2 Multi-lateral-layer position type geothermal enhanced mining method for medium |
| CN117307121B (en) * | 2023-09-26 | 2024-05-24 | 中国矿业大学 | Supercritical CO2Closed-loop mining method for dry-hot rock and carbon sequestration of complete reservoir |
| CN118030215B (en) * | 2024-03-27 | 2024-09-24 | 西南交通大学 | Compression supercritical carbon dioxide underground energy storage and geological storage integrated method |
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