CN114033346B - Deep geothermal exploitation method based on carbon dioxide medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及新能源开发应用技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法。The invention relates to the technical field of new energy development and application, in particular to a deep geothermal extraction method based on a carbon dioxide medium.
背景技术Background technique
全球的化石能源自第二次工业革命以来就被不断消耗，未来面临着枯竭的风险。能源安全关系着国家的长治久安和人民的幸福生活，改革开放来我国发生了翻天覆地的变化，这些辉煌成就的取得离不开以化石能源为代表的自然资源的支撑。由于煤炭，石油等一次能源在我国能源消费中占比很大，能源消耗的同时，会释放二氧化碳及各种氮氧化物，破坏生态环境。故而，需要我们转变能源结构的主攻方向，将清洁低碳能源与非化石能源有效地利用，优化我国能源结构，促进国家的生态文明建设。地热资源作为清洁能源，因其储量巨大、分布广泛等优点而被世界各国视为未来能源的发展方向之一。干热岩作为清洁的可再生能源是地热能中最具潜力的部分，开发干热岩有助于我国能源结构转变，推进实现“碳达峰”与“碳中和”。如若要对储存于干热岩中的高温地热进行开发和利用，就需要建立增强型地热系统(Enhanced Geothermal Systems，简称EGS)，这是提取热量的关键技术。EGS即是通过水力压裂或爆破等人工手段，改变极低渗的岩层条件，从而形成具有高渗透率的人工热储层，用注入进地层的低温工作流体将干热岩中储存的大量地热资源置换出来，并用于实际中的生产生活。The world's fossil energy has been continuously consumed since the second industrial revolution, and is facing the risk of depletion in the future. Energy security is related to the long-term stability of the country and the happy life of the people. Since the reform and opening up, my country has undergone earth-shaking changes. These brilliant achievements cannot be achieved without the support of natural resources represented by fossil energy. Since primary energy such as coal and petroleum accounts for a large proportion of my country's energy consumption, carbon dioxide and various nitrogen oxides will be released during energy consumption, which will damage the ecological environment. Therefore, we need to change the main direction of energy structure, effectively utilize clean low-carbon energy and non-fossil energy, optimize my country's energy structure, and promote the construction of the country's ecological civilization. As a clean energy, geothermal resources are regarded as one of the future energy development directions by countries all over the world because of their huge reserves and wide distribution. As a clean renewable energy source, hot dry rock is the most potential part of geothermal energy. The development of hot dry rock will contribute to the transformation of my country's energy structure and promote the realization of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality". To develop and utilize high-temperature geothermal energy stored in hot dry rocks, it is necessary to establish an enhanced geothermal system (Enhanced Geothermal Systems, referred to as EGS), which is a key technology for extracting heat. EGS is to change the conditions of extremely low-permeability rock formations by artificial means such as hydraulic fracturing or blasting, thereby forming artificial thermal reservoirs with high permeability, and using low-temperature working fluid injected into the formation to convert a large amount of geothermal energy stored in dry hot rocks Resources are replaced and used in actual production and life.
目前常用的地热储层建造手段为水力压裂技术，其缺点突出：破岩峰值压力不足，水体滤失严重，对储层伤害大，储层诸多部位得不到有效激发，热储采热量受到限制。因此迫切需要新的有效破岩开发手段，以提高对地热储层的热提取能力。At present, the commonly used construction method of geothermal reservoirs is hydraulic fracturing technology, which has prominent disadvantages: insufficient peak rock breaking pressure, severe water filtration, great damage to the reservoir, many parts of the reservoir cannot be effectively stimulated, and heat storage and recovery are limited. limit. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new effective rock-breaking development methods to improve the heat extraction capacity of geothermal reservoirs.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，为以提高对地热储层的热提取能力，提高地热能的利用效率，本发明提供一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法，包括如下步骤：In view of this, in order to improve the heat extraction capacity of geothermal reservoirs and improve the utilization efficiency of geothermal energy, the present invention provides a deep geothermal extraction method based on carbon dioxide medium, comprising the following steps:
S1：钻取注入井和生产井；选择地热储层，钻取注入井和生产井，使所述注入井和生产井均穿过地热储层，并在注入井和生产井内钻取多个致裂支井；S1: Drill injection wells and production wells; select geothermal reservoirs, drill injection wells and production wells, make the injection wells and production wells pass through the geothermal reservoirs, and drill multiple resulting wells in the injection wells and production wells. split well;
S2：注入井和生产井致裂；沿注入井和生产井井口将多个CO2相变致裂器安装于致裂支井内，控制所有CO2相变致裂器起爆，使所有致裂支井的井壁产生裂变缝；S2: Fracturing of injection wells and production wells; multiple CO 2 phase-change crackers are installed in the fracturing branch wells along the wellheads of the injection wells and production wells, and the detonation of all CO 2 phase-change crackers is controlled to make all fracturing branch wells Fission fractures are generated on the well wall;
S3：CO2压裂；向注入井内注入超临界CO2压裂液至地热储层，超临界CO2压裂液使裂变缝进一步扩大并延伸，形成连通注入井和生产井的换热通道；S3: CO 2 fracturing: Inject supercritical CO 2 fracturing fluid into the geothermal reservoir, supercritical CO 2 fracturing fluid further expands and extends the fission fracture, forming a heat exchange channel connecting the injection well and the production well;
S4：CO2热能利用；在生产井井口设置CO2发电系统，连续从注入井井口注入超临界CO2，作为换热介质，超临界CO2经过换热通道从生产井井口溢出，超临界CO2在经过储热地层时吸收热量，CO2发电系统利用CO2携带的热量发电。S4: CO 2 thermal energy utilization; set up a CO 2 power generation system at the wellhead of the production well, continuously inject supercritical CO 2 from the wellhead of the injection well as a heat exchange medium, supercritical CO 2 overflows from the wellhead of the production well through the heat exchange channel, and 2 Absorb heat when passing through the heat storage formation, and the CO 2 power generation system uses the heat carried by CO 2 to generate electricity.
进一步地，该开采方法还包括步骤S5：Further, the mining method also includes step S5:
步骤S5：CO2循环利用；将步骤S4中经过热电转换过程的CO2进行超临界化处理，使其转化为超临界CO2，并继续作为换热介质利用于步骤S4中，实现 CO2的循环利用。Step S5: CO 2 recycling; supercritically treat the CO 2 that has undergone the thermoelectric conversion process in step S4 to convert it into supercritical CO 2 , and continue to use it as a heat exchange medium in step S4 to realize CO 2 Recycling.
进一步地，该开采方法还包括步骤S6：Further, the mining method also includes step S6:
步骤S6：CO2封存；待地热储层地层热量开采完成后，封闭生产井，再继续注入一定量的CO2后封闭注入井，将该部分CO2封存地下。Step S6: CO 2 sequestration; after the heat extraction of the geothermal reservoir formation is completed, the production well is closed, and a certain amount of CO 2 is continuously injected, and then the injection well is closed, and the part of the CO 2 is stored underground.
进一步地，步骤S1中的致裂支井均垂直于与其连接的注入井和生产井。Further, the fracturing branch wells in step S1 are all perpendicular to the injection wells and production wells connected thereto.
进一步地，步骤S2中，将超临界CO2压裂液注入至地热储层的方式为：通过压裂泵车将超临界CO2从注入井井口注入至地热储层。Further, in step S2, the method of injecting the supercritical CO 2 fracturing fluid into the geothermal reservoir is: injecting supercritical CO 2 from the wellhead of the injection well into the geothermal reservoir by a fracturing pump truck.
进一步地，步骤S1中，所述注入井数量为一个或多个，生产井数量为多个，且生产井围绕所述注入井设置。Further, in step S1, the number of injection wells is one or more, the number of production wells is multiple, and the production wells are arranged around the injection wells.
本发明一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法的有益效果为：The beneficial effect of a kind of deep geothermal exploitation method based on carbon dioxide medium of the present invention is:
(1)使用CO2相变致裂形成裂变缝相比于传统水力压裂方法具有致裂效率高、造缝均匀、爆破压力可控、装置简易和经济效益高等优点；(1) Compared with the traditional hydraulic fracturing method, the use of CO 2 phase change fracturing to form fission fractures has the advantages of high fracturing efficiency, uniform fracture creation, controllable blasting pressure, simple equipment and high economic benefits;
(2)超临界CO2具有高密度、低粘度、高扩散系数和低表面张力的特点，一方面作为压裂液更易于贯通微裂缝、形成大量复杂微裂缝网络，另一方面易于储层流动、降低了压裂液流动过程中的压力损失；(2) Supercritical CO 2 has the characteristics of high density, low viscosity, high diffusion coefficient and low surface tension. On the one hand, as a fracturing fluid, it is easier to penetrate micro-fractures and form a large number of complex micro-fracture networks. On the other hand, it is easy to flow in the reservoir , Reduce the pressure loss in the process of fracturing fluid flow;
(3)相较于其它压裂液，CO2没有腐蚀性，具有摩阻系数低、扩散能力强、渗透能力强等特点，更容易渗透到微小的裂缝和孔隙中，增大干热岩储层的渗流面积，促进微裂隙网络体系的相互贯通，节约储层改造的时间；(3) Compared with other fracturing fluids, CO 2 is non-corrosive, has the characteristics of low friction coefficient, strong diffusion ability, and strong penetration ability, and is more likely to penetrate into tiny cracks and pores, increasing the capacity of hot dry rock reservoirs. Increase the seepage area of the reservoir, promote the interconnection of the micro-fracture network system, and save the time for reservoir reconstruction;
(4)相较于传统水力压裂，以超临界CO2作为压裂介质的破岩门限压力大大降低，降低了压裂难度；(4) Compared with traditional hydraulic fracturing, the rock-breaking threshold pressure of supercritical CO 2 as fracturing medium is greatly reduced, reducing the difficulty of fracturing;
(5)CO2对温度、压力的敏感性强，压缩性和膨胀性均优于水。在相同的注采压差下，总热提取率达到水的1.6倍左右，热提取能力更强；(5) CO 2 is highly sensitive to temperature and pressure, and its compressibility and expansion are better than water. Under the same injection-production pressure difference, the total heat extraction rate is about 1.6 times that of water, and the heat extraction capacity is stronger;
(6)在地热开采过程中以及地热开采完成后，可将大量的CO2在储层建造环节、储层改造环节、对流换热环节埋藏于地下深部，实现在开采地热资源的同时封存大量的CO2温室气体，有利于“碳达峰”和“碳中和”的实现。(6) In the process of geothermal exploitation and after the completion of geothermal exploitation, a large amount of CO2 can be buried deep underground in the reservoir construction, reservoir transformation, and convective heat transfer links, so as to realize the sequestration of a large amount of CO2 while exploiting geothermal resources CO 2 greenhouse gas is conducive to the realization of "carbon peak" and "carbon neutrality".
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法的致裂前的效果图。Fig. 1 is an effect diagram before fracturing of a deep geothermal exploitation method based on a carbon dioxide medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图2是本发明实施例一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法的压裂后的效果图。Fig. 2 is an effect diagram after fracturing of a deep geothermal exploitation method based on a carbon dioxide medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图3是本发明实施例一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法的流程图。Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a deep geothermal exploitation method based on a carbon dioxide medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.
图中:1-注入井，11-生产井，2-致裂支井，3-CO2相变致裂器，4-裂变缝。In the figure: 1-injection well, 11-production well, 2-fracturing branch well, 3- CO2 phase change cracker, 4-fission fracture.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地描述。In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
请参考图1至图3本发明的一种基于二氧化碳介质的深层地热开采方法，包括如下步骤：Please refer to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 a kind of deep geothermal exploitation method based on carbon dioxide medium of the present invention, comprises the following steps:
S1：钻取注入井1和生产井11；选择地热储层，钻取注入井1和生产井11，使所述注入井1和生产井11均穿过地热储层，并在注入井1和生产井11内钻取多个致裂支井2；S1: drill injection well 1 and production well 11; select geothermal reservoir, drill injection well 1 and production well 11, make described injection well 1 and production well 11 pass through geothermal reservoir, and inject well 1 and Drilling a plurality of fractured
其中注入井1可为一个或多个，生产井11数量为多个，生产井11围绕注入井1设置，本实施例中，致裂支井2采用水平井钻井技术实现，即在注入井1 和生产井11内钻取多个垂直于注入井1和生产井11的致裂支井2，这样可以扩大注入井1和生产井11的换热区域。Wherein the injection well 1 can be one or more, and the number of
S2：注入井1和生产井11致裂；将多个CO2相变致裂器3安装于注入井1 和生产井11内的致裂支井2内，控制所有CO2相变致裂器3致裂起爆，使所有致裂支井2的井壁产生裂变缝4；S2: Fracturing of injection well 1 and production well 11; multiple CO 2
CO2相变致裂器3致裂起爆的过程为：CO2相变致裂器3的致裂管中注入超临界的CO2，启动CO2相变致裂器3中的电磁起爆器，使CO2相变致裂器3中的发热管通电释放大量热量，CO2相变致裂器3的储液管内的超临界的CO2受热相变，致裂管内压力升高。当CO2相变致裂器3的储液管内的压力超过剪切片的额定压力时，CO2相变致裂器3的剪切片发生破断，超临界状态的CO2瞬间卸压膨胀为高压气体，从而产生应力波。应力波对致裂支井2井壁产生的应力会远远大于其岩体的动抗压强度，因此致裂支井壁周围的岩体产生强烈的压缩变形，形成裂变缝。本实施例中采用的CO2相变致裂器3为现有的结构。The cracking and detonation process of the CO2
S3：CO2压裂；向注入井1内注入超临界CO2压裂液至地热储层，超临界CO2压裂液流动至裂变缝4内，且超临界CO2压裂液的压裂作用使裂变缝4进一步扩大并延伸，形成连通注入井1和生产井11的换热通道；换热通道使注入井中注入的超临界CO2经过换热通道能流动至生产井11中，超临界CO2在换热通道内流动时地热储层内的高温的岩石对其进行加热，使其变为高温状态。S3: CO 2 fracturing; inject supercritical CO 2 fracturing fluid into the injection well 1 to the geothermal reservoir, the supercritical CO 2 fracturing fluid flows into the
本实施例中，超界状态CO2压裂液高压注入通过压裂泵车注入的方式实现。In this embodiment, the high-pressure injection of CO 2 fracturing fluid in the transboundary state is realized by injection of a fracturing pump truck.
S4：CO2热能利用；注入井1和开采井11中之间的换热通道通过压裂的方式产生后，在生产井11井口设置CO2发电系统，并连续从注入井1井口注入超临界CO2，作为换热介质，超临界CO2通过换热通道流动至生产井11中，超临界状态CO2在地热储层内流动时被地热储层内的高温的岩石加热至高温状态， CO2发电系统利用CO2的热量进行发电，经过发电后的CO2经过换热降温减压后变为CO2气体。S4: Utilization of CO 2 thermal energy; after the heat exchange channel between the injection well 1 and the
步骤S5：CO2循环利用；将步骤S4中经过热电转换过程的CO2进行超临界化处理，使其转化为超临界状态的CO2，并继续作为换热介质利用于步骤S4中，实现CO2的循环利用。Step S5: CO 2 recycling; supercritically treat the CO 2 that has undergone the thermoelectric conversion process in step S4 to convert it into supercritical CO 2 , and continue to use it as a heat exchange medium in step S4 to realize CO 2 recycling.
步骤S6：CO2封存；待地热储层的地层热量开采完成后，封闭生产井11，再继续注入一定量的CO2至注入井1后封闭注入井，将该部分CO2封存地下。Step S6: CO 2 sequestration; after the formation heat extraction of the geothermal reservoir is completed, the
在本文中，所涉及的前、后、上、下等方位词是以附图中零部件位于图中以及零部件相互之间的位置来定义的，只是为了表达技术方案的清楚及方便。应当理解，所述方位词的使用不应限制本申请请求保护的范围。In this article, the orientation words such as front, rear, upper, and lower involved are defined by the parts in the drawings and the positions between the parts in the drawings, just for the clarity and convenience of expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of the location words should not limit the scope of protection claimed in this application.
在不冲突的情况下，本文中上述实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互结合。In the case of no conflict, the above-mentioned embodiments and features in the embodiments herein may be combined with each other.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
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