CN111173485B - Method for increasing hot dry rock heat storage transformation volume - Google Patents
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- CN111173485B CN111173485B CN201811337019.XA CN201811337019A CN111173485B CN 111173485 B CN111173485 B CN 111173485B CN 201811337019 A CN201811337019 A CN 201811337019A CN 111173485 B CN111173485 B CN 111173485B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/16—Enhanced recovery methods for obtaining hydrocarbons
- E21B43/20—Displacing by water
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the hot dry rock heat storage reconstruction volume. The method is suitable for the operation of increasing the heat storage volume in the high-temperature dry hot rock fracturing reformation. According to the invention, through an innovative process idea, ice water is injected into hot dry rock to generate a large number of micro cracks, the micro cracks are expanded under critical discharge capacity and pressure, the pump is stopped and the well is stewed to recover the temperature, then the ice water is injected, the micro cracks are expanded, a large-range micro crack system without main cracks is formed in the hot dry rock stratum after multiple cycles, the heat storage volume and the thermal efficiency are greatly improved, a production well keeps higher flow and temperature in the injection and production process, and conditions are created for geothermal efficient power generation, heating and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot dry rock fracturing, in particular to a method for improving the hot dry rock thermal storage transformation volume.
Background
The dry-hot rock is a special geothermal resource which has large reserves, wide distribution, cleanness, environmental protection and cyclic utilization, and the dry-hot rock resource which can be utilized in large scale is developed in the Tibetan south, the western Yunnan and the southeast coastal areas of China. The lithology of the hot dry rock is mainly granite, the temperature is higher than 200 ℃, no fluid or a small amount of underground fluid exists in the rock, the porosity and the permeability are extremely poor, and the resources can be developed only by heating injected water by using a high-temperature rock body. The fracturing transformation is an effective mode for increasing the overheating volume of the hot dry rock and improving the utilization efficiency. At present, the dry and hot rock fracturing modification mainly adopts a clear water large-scale fracturing technology, and the construction displacement is 2-6m3Min, single layer or single well liquid volume 5000-3And the understanding of whether the main cracks are formed after pressing is unclear, the modification volume difference is large, and the utilization rate of the heat energy of the dry-hot rock is not high as a whole.
Chinese patent 'a high-pressure enhanced recovery laboratory analogue means of hot dry rock fracturing' (201410012026.8) discloses a high-pressure enhanced recovery laboratory analogue means of hot dry rock fracturing. The device comprises a fracturing fluid injection system, a proppant injection system, a high-pressure gas pressurization injection system, a fracturing main body, an annular pressure applying system and a high-pressure pipe valve; the proppant injection system comprises proppant indirect injection and curing; the high-pressure gas pressurization injection system comprises gas pressurization and gas indirect injection. Chinese patent 'a hot dry rock fracturing normal position heat transfer laboratory analog system device' (201410012005.6) discloses a hot dry rock fracturing normal position heat transfer laboratory analog system device. The device comprises a fracturing fluid injection body, a fracturing main body, a ring pressure applying system and a high-pressure pipe valve; the fracturing main body comprises a sample fracturing bin and a sample annular pressure cavity; the fracturing bin comprises a three-dimensional fixed support and a three-dimensional hydraulic system; the three-dimensional hydraulic system comprises a hydraulic sliding cavity and a hydraulic movable plug; the sample ring pressure cavity comprises a ring pressure cavity steel plate and a colloid inner sleeve, a cavity is reserved between the rubber sleeve and the steel plate, and liquid is injected to realize a pressure wrapping effect; and the injection of the fracturing fluid and the annular pressure application are realized by connecting a high-pressure pipeline and a high-pressure control assembly.
Chinese patent (201510710353.5) relates to a new dry hot rock thermal reservoir reforming system and process. The process is characterized in that firstly, a naturally-existing fracture network is damaged through thermal stimulation to enhance permeability, and then part of minerals, scales and plugs in a shaft and a fracture are dissolved through chemical stimulation to improve the flow conductivity of the fracture. By repeating the process, a wider range of thermal reservoirs can be reformed. The patent aims at improving the flow conductivity of the dry hot rock, and does not aim at improving the heat storage transformation volume of the dry hot rock. The technical method is that the original natural cracks are destroyed by utilizing the conventional hydraulic fracturing, and then minerals, scales and plugs are dissolved by utilizing a chemical solvent to improve the flow conductivity, and a technical method for improving the volume of the thermal storage transformation is not involved.
Chinese patent (201610064672.8) discloses a construction method of geothermal artificial heat storage of hot dry rock, which comprises the steps of carrying out supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing along a weak face or an interlayer formed by igneous rock phases to generate a main crack, further carrying out large-displacement hydraulic fracturing in the main crack to generate secondary fracture, and constructing the artificial heat storage of hot dry rock in a volume fracture or cluster fracture mode under cyclic fracturing. This patent discloses a method of constructing a heat reservoir, not a method of increasing the retrofit volume of a heat reservoir. The technical method is that supercritical carbon dioxide is utilized to perform fracturing to generate a main crack, and then large-displacement hydraulic fracturing is performed in the main crack to generate secondary fracture. The single supercritical carbon dioxide fracturing cannot generate main cracks, and the high discharge capacity is difficult to realize secondary fracturing to generate volume cracks.
Chinese patent (201611245719.7) discloses a system for efficiently exploiting dry hot rock by using heat pipes, which comprises a geothermal heat pipe, a high-permeability heat storage filled with fluid working medium formed in a target area of the high-temperature dry hot rock, a heat exchanger and a heat utilization device located on the ground, wherein the geothermal heat pipe is provided with a heat pipe condensation section, a heat pipe insulation section and a heat pipe evaporation section which are sequentially communicated, the heat pipe evaporation section is arranged in the high-permeability heat storage in a penetrating way, and the heat pipe condensation section and the heat utilization device exchange heat through the heat exchanger. The system for efficiently exploiting the dry hot rock by utilizing the heat pipes, which is disclosed by the patent, comprises geothermal heat pipes, high-permeability heat storage, a ground heat exchanger and a heat utilization device, and does not relate to a technical method for improving the heat storage reconstruction volume.
The literature, "research on simulation of hot dry rock hydraulic fracturing laboratories" (science and technology guide 2015(19)) discloses that a large-size high-temperature high-pressure dry hot rock hydraulic fracturing laboratory simulation system is built by a deep geothermal and hot dry rock research team of Jilin university, and parameters and technical support are provided for field fracturing process design and reservoir transformation. Experimental equipment, experimental conditions and preliminary experimental research results of the simulation system are presented herein. No technical method for increasing the volume of the heat storage transformation is involved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for improving the hot dry rock heat storage transformation volume. The method is suitable for the operation of increasing the heat storage volume in the high-temperature dry hot rock fracturing reformation. According to the invention, through an innovative process idea, ice water is injected into hot dry rock to generate a large number of micro cracks, the micro cracks are expanded under critical discharge capacity and pressure, the pump is stopped and the well is stewed to recover the temperature, then the ice water is injected, the micro cracks are expanded, a large-range micro crack system without main cracks is formed in the hot dry rock stratum after multiple cycles, the heat storage volume and the thermal efficiency are greatly improved, a production well keeps higher flow and temperature in the injection and production process, and conditions are created for geothermal efficient power generation, heating and the like.
The invention aims at a hot dry rock reservoir, ice water close to the freezing point is injected, a large number of micro cracks are generated by utilizing the temperature difference effect with a high-temperature rock body, and the injection displacement is controlled to carry out hydraulic excitation under the critical displacement (displacement for micro crack expansion) and the pressure, so that the micro cracks are expanded into micro cracks and communicated with each other. After the microcracks are not expanded any more, stopping pumping and stewing to recover the temperature, injecting ice water again to generate microcracks, hydraulically fracturing and expanding the microcracks for multiple cycles until large-volume interconnected microcracks are generated in the stratum without forming main cracks, greatly improving the reconstruction volume, pushing the injected water forwards along the microcracks in the later injection and production process, achieving the purposes of large produced water flow and high temperature, and providing support for efficiently utilizing geothermal resources.
The invention aims to provide a method for increasing the hot dry rock heat storage reconstruction volume.
The method comprises the following steps:
step (1) liquid preparation: preparing clear water at 0-4 ℃;
step (2), determining critical displacement: performing a step discharge capacity test, analyzing the discharge capacity under the extension condition of the main crack, and taking the discharge capacity as the critical discharge capacity;
forming micro cracks by the temperature difference effect in the step (3): pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃ by taking 30-50% of critical discharge capacity as construction discharge capacity, contacting low-temperature liquid with high-temperature hot dry rock reservoir rock, and generating micro cracks in all directions in the reservoir under the action of large temperature difference;
and (4) expanding to form micro cracks: continuously pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃ by taking 80-90% of the critical discharge capacity as construction discharge capacity, further expanding the micro-cracks by the generated crack net pressure, and further generating the micro-cracks by the subsequent low-temperature liquid entering the reservoir crack front edge;
and (5) stopping pumping and stewing to recover the temperature: when the situation that the microcracks are not expanded any more is monitored, stopping pumping and stewing to recover the formation temperature to the original formation temperature;
and (6) performing cyclic operation: and (5) when the temperature is recovered, performing the operation circularly according to the steps (3) to (5) until a required huge reconstruction volume is formed in the stratum.
Among them, preferred are:
in the step (2), the discharge capacity is 0.5m3/min、1.0m3/min、1.5m3/min、2.0m3/min、2.5m3Step displacement test is carried out at/min.
And (3) if the pressure of the wellhead exceeds the pressure limit, reducing the displacement to keep the pressure below the pressure limit of the wellhead.
In the step (4), clear water at 0-4 ℃ is repeatedly pumped, and the cracks in all directions gradually expand and extend to form a complex crack system. If the construction pressure exceeds the wellhead pressure limit in the process, reducing the construction displacement until the construction pressure is maintained below the wellhead pressure limit;
and (5) stopping pumping and stewing for 5-8 hours to recover the formation temperature to the original formation temperature.
And (5) in the step (6), circulating the operation for 3-5 times according to the steps (3) - (5).
In order to realize the aim of the invention, the process method related by the invention is carried out according to the following steps:
the first step is as follows: preparing fracturing fluid liquid: preparing clear water at 0-4 deg.C.
The second step is that: determining the critical displacement: and (5) performing a step discharge capacity test, analyzing the discharge capacity under the extension condition of the main crack, and taking the discharge capacity as the critical discharge capacity.
The third step: the temperature difference effect forms microcracks. And pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃ by taking 30-50% of the critical discharge capacity as construction discharge capacity, and forcing the stratum to generate micro cracks by the large temperature difference effect of the injected cold water and the high-temperature stratum.
The fourth step: and propagating to form micro cracks. And continuously pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃ by taking 80-90% of the critical discharge capacity as construction discharge capacity, further expanding the micro-cracks by the generated crack net pressure, and further generating the micro-cracks by the subsequent low-temperature liquid entering the reservoir crack front edge. If the construction pressure exceeds the wellhead pressure limiting in the process, the construction displacement is reduced until the construction pressure is maintained below the wellhead pressure limiting.
The fifth step: stopping the pump and soaking the well to recover the temperature. And when the micro cracks are not expanded any more as monitored by the ground micro seismic waves, stopping pumping and stewing to recover the formation temperature to the original formation temperature.
And a sixth step: and performing repeated circulating operation. And performing 3-5 times of circulating operation according to the steps from the third step to the fifth step until a required huge reconstruction volume is formed in the stratum.
The key points of the invention are as follows:
(1) and the micro fractures are generated in the hot dry rock stratum by utilizing the huge temperature difference effect of the injected cold fluid and the high-temperature stratum.
(2) And controlling the injection displacement of the fracturing construction to be below the critical displacement to expand the microcracks to form intercommunicated microcracks.
(3) After the temperature is recovered by soaking, the operation is circulated for many times to form a huge heat storage volume in the dry hot rock.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION
Aiming at the hot dry rock stratum with extremely poor porosity, permeability and high temperature, the invention has the following main effects: (1) the interconnected microcracks construct a huge heat storage volume, the injected water is pushed forward along the whole microcrack in the injection and production process, the waterline is not short-circuited, the heat exchange efficiency is high, and the produced water flow is large and the temperature is high; (2) by controlling the discharge capacity and the pressure, no main crack is formed in the stratum, and the unfavorable situations of large flow, low temperature and the like caused by the fact that water is injected in the injection and production process and the water is guided along the main crack are avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a virgin formation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a microcrack for large temperature differential effect;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of micro-fractures after fracturing at critical displacement;
figure 4 schematic diagram after multiple cycles of operation after recovery from soaking.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example (b):
(1) liquid preparation: according to the specific fracturing design requirement of a certain dry hot rock well, clear water with the temperature of 0-4 ℃ and the design dosage of 1.1 times is prepared.
(2) And (3) testing the critical discharge capacity: with a discharge capacity of 0.5m3/min、1.0m3/min、1.5m3/min、2.0m3/min、2.5m3Step discharge capacity test is carried out at min, a relation curve of crack extension pressure and construction discharge capacity is made, and the critical construction discharge capacity is obtained to be 2.0m3/min。
(3) Micro-cracks are formed by the temperature difference effect: at 0.8m3Injecting clear water at 0-4 ℃ at the displacement of/min, and forcing the stratum to generate micro fractures by the large temperature difference effect of the injected cold water and the high-temperature stratum. If the wellhead pressure exceeds 60MPa, the displacement is reduced to keep the pressure below 60 MPa.
(4) And (3) propagating to form micro cracks: at 1.8m3And continuously injecting 0-4 ℃ clear water into the per min discharge volume, and pumping 0-4 ℃ clear water to expand micro cracks in the stratum to form micro cracks. If the wellhead pressure exceeds 60MPa, the displacement is reduced to keep the pressure below 60 MPa.
(5) Stopping pumping and soaking to recover the temperature: and when the micro cracks are not expanded any more as monitored by the ground micro seismic waves, stopping pumping and stewing for 8 hours to recover the formation temperature to the original formation temperature.
(6) And (3) circulating operation: and (5) when the temperature is recovered, performing the operation circularly according to the steps (3) to (5) until a required huge reconstruction volume is formed in the stratum.
Claims (6)
1. A method of increasing hot dry rock thermal storage rebuild volume, the method comprising:
step (1) liquid preparation: preparing clear water at 0-4 ℃;
step (2), determining critical displacement: performing a step discharge capacity test, analyzing the discharge capacity under the extension condition of the main crack, and taking the discharge capacity as the critical discharge capacity;
forming micro cracks by the temperature difference effect in the step (3): pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃ by taking 30-50% of critical discharge capacity as construction discharge capacity, contacting low-temperature liquid with high-temperature hot dry rock reservoir rock, and generating micro cracks in all directions in the reservoir under the action of large temperature difference;
and (4) expanding to form micro cracks: continuously pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃ by taking 80-90% of the critical discharge capacity as construction discharge capacity, further expanding the micro-cracks by the generated crack net pressure, and further generating the micro-cracks by the subsequent low-temperature liquid entering the reservoir crack front edge;
repeatedly pumping clear water at 0-4 ℃, and gradually expanding and extending the cracks in all directions to form a complex crack system;
and (5) stopping pumping and stewing to recover the temperature: when the situation that the microcracks are not expanded any more is monitored, stopping pumping and stewing to recover the formation temperature to the original formation temperature;
and (6) performing cyclic operation: and (5) when the temperature is recovered, performing the operation circularly according to the steps (3) to (5) until a required huge reconstruction volume is formed in the stratum.
2. The method for increasing hot dry rock thermal storage rebuild volume of claim 1, wherein:
in the step (2), the discharge capacity is 0.5m3/min、1.0m3/min、1.5m3/min、2.0m3/min、2.5m3Step displacement test is carried out at/min.
3. The method for increasing hot dry rock thermal storage rebuild volume of claim 1, wherein:
and (3) if the pressure of the wellhead exceeds the pressure limit, reducing the displacement to keep the pressure below the pressure limit of the wellhead.
4. The method for increasing hot dry rock thermal storage rebuild volume of claim 1, wherein:
and (4) if the construction pressure exceeds the wellhead pressure limiting, reducing the construction displacement until the construction pressure is maintained below the wellhead pressure limiting.
5. The method for increasing hot dry rock thermal storage rebuild volume of claim 1, wherein:
and (5) stopping pumping and soaking for 5-8 hours to recover the formation temperature to the original formation temperature.
6. The method for increasing hot dry rock thermal storage rebuild volume of claim 1, wherein:
and (5) in the step (6), circulating the operation for 3-5 times according to the steps (3) - (5).
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| CN114856521A (en) * | 2022-05-26 | 2022-08-05 | 重庆大学 | Method for improving repeated reconstruction effect of shale oil and gas reservoir by thermal shock |
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