CN112984849B - Cold and military system karst heat storage and metamorphic rock stratum fracture type heat storage geothermal development method - Google Patents
Cold and military system karst heat storage and metamorphic rock stratum fracture type heat storage geothermal development method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 51
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
- F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
- F24T10/20—Geothermal collectors using underground water as working fluid; using working fluid injected directly into the ground, e.g. using injection wells and recovery wells
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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Abstract
A method for developing a karst heat storage and metamorphic rock stratum fracture type geothermal reservoir in a cold and strong system. The method mainly solves the technical problems that in the process of developing geothermal energy, shallow karst heat storage and recovery temperature is low, influence is caused on domestic water of residents, 100% recharge is not achieved, and the like. The method comprises the following specific steps: 1) constructing a geothermal exploitation well and a recharge well to a deep cold-arm karst stratum section or metamorphic rock fracture type stratum section within a certain range from the fracture zone; 2) the exploitation well and the recharge well are completely fixed in the stratum above the karst stratum or metamorphic rock fracture type stratum of the frigid-martial system and the upper section of the stratum, and are fixed in the open holes or perforated pipes below the well fixing section; 3) carrying out shaft heat preservation when the exploitation well and the recharge well penetrate water-rich strata such as Ordovician strata and the like; 4) extracting hot fluid in the exploitation well through a water lifting pump, and pressurizing and recharging geothermal tail water through a recharging well after heat exchange. The invention has the advantages of high outlet temperature, large single-well heating area, good recharging effect, zero influence on shallow domestic water and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geothermal resource development, and particularly relates to a method for developing geothermal energy through karst heat storage in a cold-arm system and fractured metamorphic rock stratum.
Background
At present, the Chinese geothermal resources have huge reserves and wide distribution. The medium-deep geothermal energy is a main energy source for clean heating in winter due to the advantages of high temperature, large-scale clean heating, stability, reliability and the like. The medium-deep geothermal reservoir mainly comprises karst stratum and metamorphic rock stratum, for example, the geothermal development of Taiyuan in Shanxi is mainly the karst geothermal water of Ordovician system at the upper part, the heat storage temperature is 55-85 ℃, and the water production of a single well is 60-150 m 3 The outlet temperature is 50-70 ℃. However, the Ordovician aquifer is a main source of domestic water and landscape spring water in the region, and certain influence is generated on the Ordovician aquifer by geothermal exploitation. Meanwhile, the temperature of the reservoir is low, the water production section is as high as kilometers, the outlet temperature is low, and the economic benefit of single-well heating is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the reservoir temperature is low, the outlet temperature is low, the economic benefit of single-well heating is poor, the influence is caused on domestic water of residents, and 100% recharge is not realized in the existing geothermal development process, and provides a method for developing geothermal heat through karst heat storage of a cold-arm system and fractured heat storage of metamorphic rock stratum.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a karst heat storage and metamorphic rock stratum fracture type geothermal development method for a frigid-martial system comprises the following specific steps:
1) constructing a plurality of geothermal exploitation wells and recharge wells to a frigid-martial karst stratum section or a deep metamorphic rock fracture type stratum section on the ground within a range of S away from one side of the fracture structural zone, wherein L is not less than S and not more than 10km, and L is the vertical distance between a exploitation well closest to the fracture structural zone and the fracture structural zone on the horizontal plane;
2) the exploitation well and the recharge well are completely fixed in the upper section of the stratum above the karst stratum or metamorphic rock fracture type stratum in the Hanwu system and the upper section of the stratum, except for the Ordovician water-rich stratum and other water-rich strata, and are fixed in the open holes or perforated pipes below the well fixing section;
3) when the exploitation well and the recharge well pass through the Ordovician water-rich stratum or other water-rich stratum sections, the shaft adopts a double-layer casing to implement shaft heat preservation;
4) hot water or hot steam or hot water/steam mixed fluid in the production well is extracted by a water extraction pump, and after heat exchange, geothermal tail water is pressurized and recharged by a recharge pump through a recharge well.
Furthermore, the production wells and the recharge wells are arranged in the area close to the fracture structural zone influence area, and are linearly and sequentially arranged along the fracture structural zone trend, and the production wells and the recharge wells are arranged in groups.
Further, the production well and the recharge well which are arranged on the same side inclined to the fracture structural belt, the production well which is closest to the fracture structural belt, and the vertical distance L between the production well and the fracture structural belt on the horizontal plane are more than or equal to H/tan (alpha), wherein: h is the drilling depth, the depth is selected according to the depth when the temperature Tr of the formation of the cold-armed system or the metamorphic rock fracture type formation is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and alpha is the dip angle of a fracture structure zone.
Furthermore, the group of the production wells and the recharge wells is set to be a 'two-extraction one-injection' production mode in which 2 production wells and 1 recharge well form a linear arrangement, or a 'three-extraction one-injection' production mode in which 12 production wells and 4 recharge wells form a square lattice arrangement, and the distance D between two adjacent geothermal wells is more than or equal to 500 m.
Furthermore, the bottom positions of the exploitation well and the recharge well are positioned in the same elevation range of a cold-arm system karst hot reservoir, or in metamorphic rock fracture type hot reservoir, the recharge well is 100m or more deeper than the exploitation well.
Furthermore, the exploitation well and the recharge well are completely fixed in the upper section of the stratum, and downward Hg on the top surface of a self-frigid-martial system karst hot reservoir or metamorphic rock fracture type hot reservoir in the well fixing section is less than or equal to 500 m.
Further, the implementation of the shaft heat preservation refers to the adoption of a double-layer casing pipe, and the heat preservation is carried out by vacuumizing between the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer casing pipe, or filling heat preservation materials or filling high-pressure low-thermal conductivity fluid.
Further, the lift pump head H b 400-2500 m and a flow rate Q t ＝80～300m 3 The temperature T is 90-160 ℃ under the working environment; the under-pressure capacity P of the recharge pump is 3-20 MPa, and the flow Q h ＝160～600m 3 /h。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention constructs a geothermal exploitation well and a recharge well to a deep cold-arm karst stratum section or metamorphic rock fracture type stratum section within a certain range from a fracture zone, exploits high-temperature geothermal resources of the stratum section through shaft heat preservation and tail water pressurization recharge, and realizes 100% recharge of the tail water. The method solves the technical problems that the reservoir temperature is low, the outlet temperature is low, the economic benefit of single-well heating is poor, the influence is caused on the domestic water of residents, and 100 percent recharge is not realized in the existing geothermal exploitation process. Compared with the background art, the invention has the advantages of high outlet temperature, large single-well heating area, good recharge effect, zero influence on shallow domestic water and the like.
The invention is suitable for developing medium-deep layer cold-armed system karst heat storage and metamorphic rock stratum fracture type heat storage, and simultaneously can provide reference for medium-deep layer other heat reservoir geothermal development.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a geothermal well for a production mode of "two production and one injection" for karst heat storage in the cold and military systems according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line I-I in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic plan view of a geothermal well for a production mode of "three mining and one injection" of karst heat storage in the cold and military systems of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line II-II of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic plan view of a metamorphic rock formation fracture type thermal storage two-production one-injection production mode geothermal well according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a sectional view taken along line III-III in FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view IV-IV of FIGS. 1, 3 and 5.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 7, in the development method of the karst-heat-storage geothermal reservoir of the middle-deep layer of the embodiment, according to the relevant hydrological and geological exploration data, in the range of S from the affected area 4 of the fracture structure zone, where L is equal to or less than S and equal to or less than 10km, L is the vertical distance between the producing well closest to the fracture structure zone and the fracture structure zone on the horizontal plane, a plurality of geothermal producing wells 1 (such as solid circles 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and the like in fig. 1) and recharge wells 2 to the karst stratum 3a of the frigorian system are constructed, and the bottom hole position is located in the same elevation range of the karst-heat-storage reservoir of the frigorian system. The production wells 1 and the recharge wells 2 are linearly and sequentially arranged along an upper plate with a tendency of fracture structure, for example, the production wells, the recharge wells and the production wells are sequentially arranged along 1b, 2 and 1D to form a group of geothermal production units with two-production and one-injection, then a plurality of well groups are arranged in groups along the fracture structure, a geothermal development well pattern with a production mode of two-production and one-injection is formed, and the distance D between two adjacent geothermal wells is more than or equal to 500 m. For the production wells 1a, 1b, 1c closest to the fractured zone 4, the vertical distance L from the fractured zone is not less than H/tan (alpha), where: h is the drilling depth, the depth is selected according to the depth when the temperature Tr of the formation in the Hanwu system is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and alpha is the dip angle of a fracture formation zone.
The exploitation well and the recharge well are used for completely cementing Hs from the ground surface to the top surface of a cold and military karst hot reservoir (except for water-rich strata Ho such as Ordovician and the like), cementing 5 is also carried out in the range that Hg on the top surface of the cold and military karst hot reservoir is less than or equal to 500m, and a bare hole or a perforated pipe 6 is adopted for cementing below a cementing section; when the water-rich stratum Ho of the Ordovician system and the like is penetrated, a double-layer sleeve 7 is adopted in a shaft, and the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer sleeve are vacuumized 8 for heat preservation.
In the process of geothermal exploitation, according to the relation between the water quantity and the depth reduction obtained by the geothermal reservoir pumping test, the depth position of the water lifting pump in an exploitation well is determined, and the water yield Q of the water lifting pump is ensured t ＝80～300m 3 H, the distance between the position and the wellhead is the lift pump head H b 400-2500 m, and corresponding to the environment temperature T of 90-160 ℃. Hot water or hot steam or hot water/steam mixed fluid in the exploitation well is extracted through a water extraction pump, and after heat exchange, geothermal tail water is pressurized and recharged through a recharge well through a recharge pump. The pressure capacity P of the back-filling pump is 3-20 MPa, and the flow Q h ＝160～600m 3 /h。
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, 4 and 7, in the method for developing a geothermal resource stored in a karst and hot reservoir of a middle-deep layer of a frigorian system in the embodiment, according to relevant hydrological and geological exploration data, in a range S away from an affected area 4 of a fracture structure zone, where L is equal to or less than S equal to or less than 10km, L is a vertical distance between a production well closest to the fracture structure zone and the fracture structure zone on a horizontal plane, a plurality of geothermal production wells 1 (such as solid circular dots 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and the like in fig. 3) and recharge wells 2 (such as hollow circular dots 2a, 2b and the like in fig. 3) are constructed to a frigorian system karst stratum 3a, and the bottom positions of the wells are located in the same elevation range of the frigorian system karst reservoir. The exploitation well 1 and the recharge well 2 are sequentially arranged in a linear mode along an upper plate with a fracture structure tendency, for example, 1c, 2a, 2b and 1e are the exploitation well, the recharge well and the exploitation well in sequence to form a group of geothermal exploitation units with three exploitation and one injection in a 4 multiplied by 4 square lattice arrangement, then a plurality of well groups are arranged in a group along the fracture structure, a geothermal exploitation well pattern with a production mode of three exploitation and one injection is formed, and the distance D between two adjacent geothermal wells is larger than or equal to 500 m. For the producing wells 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d closest to the fracture formation zone 4, the vertical distance L from the fracture formation zone is greater than or equal to H/tan (alpha), wherein H is the drilling depth selected according to the depth of the formation with the temperature Tr of the Hanwu system greater than or equal to 100 ℃, and alpha is the dip angle of the fracture formation zone.
The cementing and recharging process is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, in the method for developing a deep metamorphic rock stratum fracture type geothermal resource in the embodiment, according to relevant hydrological and geological exploration data, in a range S away from an affected area 4 of a fracture structure zone, wherein L is not less than S and not more than 10km, L is a vertical distance between a production well closest to the fracture structure zone and the fracture structure zone on a horizontal plane, a plurality of geothermal production wells 1 (such as solid round points 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d and the like in fig. 5) and a recharge well 2 are constructed to a deep metamorphic rock fracture type stratum 3b, the recharge well is 100m deeper than the production well, and the recharge well and the production well are communicated with the fracture structure zone 4 through a fracture system in the metamorphic rock stratum. The production wells 1 and the recharge wells 2 are linearly and sequentially arranged along an upper plate with a tendency of fracture structure, for example, the production wells, the recharge wells and the production wells are sequentially arranged along 1b, 2 and 1D to form a group of geothermal production units with two-production and one-injection, then a plurality of well groups are arranged in groups along the fracture structure, a geothermal development well pattern with a production mode of two-production and one-injection is formed, and the distance D between two adjacent geothermal wells is more than or equal to 500 m. For the producing wells 1a, 1b and 1c closest to the fracture structural zone 4, the vertical distance L between the producing wells and the fracture structural zone is more than or equal to H/tan (alpha), wherein H is the drilling depth selected according to the depth of the metamorphic rock fracture type stratum at the temperature Tr of more than or equal to 100 ℃, and alpha is the dip angle of the fracture structural zone.
The exploitation well and the recharge well are used for completely cementing Hs from the ground surface to the top surface of the metamorphic rock fracture type thermal reservoir (except water-rich strata Ho such as Ordovician and Han-Wu systems), cementing 5 is also carried out in the range that Hg below the top surface of the metamorphic rock fracture type thermal reservoir is less than or equal to 500m, and cementing is carried out by adopting a bare hole or a perforated pipe 6 below a cementing section; when the water-rich stratum Ho of the Ordovician system, the Han-Wu system and the like is penetrated, the double-layer casing 7 is adopted in the shaft, and the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer casing are vacuumized 8 for heat preservation.
The recharging process is the same as in example 1.
The vacuum pumping and heat preservation in the above embodiment can be replaced by filling heat preservation materials or filling high-pressure low-thermal-conductivity-coefficient fluid.
Claims (7)
1. A karst heat storage and metamorphic rock stratum fracture type geothermal development method for a frigid-martial system is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
1) constructing a plurality of geothermal exploitation wells and recharge wells to a cold-arm karst stratum section or a deep metamorphic rock crack type stratum section on the ground within a range S from one side of the fracture structural zone, wherein L is not less than S and not more than 10km, and is the vertical distance between the exploitation well closest to the fracture structural zone and the fracture structural zone on the horizontal plane;
2) the production well and the recharge well are completely fixed on the stratum above the karst stratum or the metamorphic rock fracture type stratum of the cold and strong system and the upper section of the stratum, except the Ordovician water-rich stratum and other water-rich strata, and are fixed by naked holes or perforated pipes below the well fixing section;
3) when the exploitation well and the recharge well pass through the Ordovician water-rich stratum or other water-rich stratum sections, the shaft adopts a double-layer casing to implement shaft heat preservation;
4) extracting hot water or hot steam or a hot water/steam mixed fluid in the production well through a water extraction pump, and pressurizing and recharging geothermal tail water through a recharge well through a recharge pump after heat exchange;
the lift pump head H b 400-2500 m and a flow rate Q t ＝80～300m 3 The temperature T is 90-160 ℃ under the working environment; the under-pressure capacity P of the recharge pump is 3-20 MPa, and the flow Q h ＝160～600m 3 /h。
2. A geothermal development method according to claim 1, wherein: the production wells and the recharge wells are arranged in the area close to the fracture structural zone influence area, and the production wells and the recharge wells are linearly and sequentially arranged along the fracture structural zone trend, and are arranged in groups.
3. A geothermal development method according to claim 2, wherein: the production well and the recharge well which are arranged on the same side inclined to the fracture structural belt, the production well which is closest to the fracture structural belt has a vertical distance L which is more than or equal to H/tan (alpha) with the fracture structural belt on a horizontal plane, wherein: h is the drilling depth, the depth is selected according to the depth when the temperature Tr of the formation of the cold-armed system or the metamorphic rock fracture type formation is more than or equal to 100 ℃, and alpha is the dip angle of a fracture structure zone.
4. A geothermal development method according to claim 2, wherein: the production wells and the recharge wells are arranged in groups to form a 'two-extraction one-injection' production mode in which 2 production wells and 1 recharge well form a linear arrangement, or a 'three-extraction one-injection' production mode in which 12 production wells and 4 recharge wells form a square lattice arrangement, and the distance D between every two adjacent geothermal wells is more than or equal to 500 m.
5. A geothermal development method according to any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein: the bottom positions of the exploitation well and the recharge well are positioned in the same elevation range of a cold-arm system karst hot reservoir, or in metamorphic rock fracture type hot reservoir, the recharge well is 100m or more deeper than the exploitation well.
6. A geothermal development method according to claim 1, wherein: the exploitation well and the recharge well are completely fixed in the upper section of the stratum, and downward Hg on the top surface of a self-frigid-martial system karst thermal reservoir or metamorphic rock fracture type thermal reservoir in the well fixing section is less than or equal to 500 m.
7. A geothermal development method according to claim 1, wherein: the implementation of the shaft heat preservation refers to the adoption of a double-layer sleeve, and the heat preservation is carried out by vacuumizing between the inner layer and the outer layer of the double-layer sleeve, or filling heat preservation materials or filling high-pressure low-heat-conductivity-coefficient fluid.
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