CN114032462B - High-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-alloy cast steel with high strength and toughness and a preparation method thereof. The cast steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% -0.3%, 0.4% -0.8% of Si,0.6% -0.85% of Mn,0.6% -1.2% of Cr,0.3% -0.7% of Mo,0.5% -1% of Ni,0.02% -0.08% of V,0.02% -0.08% of Nb,0.02% -0.08% of Ti,0.01% -0.05% of Cu, S is less than or equal to 0.01%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance is Fe. The material obtained by the invention has the advantages of excellent comprehensive mechanical property, easy casting and forming and simple process, and is cast steel with high strength, high toughness and high plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cast steel materials, and relates to low-alloy high-strength and high-toughness cast steel.
Background
Low-alloy high-strength and high-toughness cast steel is developed by adding a small amount of alloy elements on the basis of casting carbon steel and improving the strength, toughness and mechanical properties through proper heat treatment. Because of excellent mechanical and physical and chemical properties, the material is widely applied to the mechanical manufacturing industries of transportation, mines, petroleum, metallurgy, ships and the like.
In recent 30 years, high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel is rapidly developed along with the progress of a casting technology, and as cast steel materials are applied in severe environments (heavy load, impact and the like), further requirements on the mechanical properties of the low-alloy cast steel materials are provided, and the low-alloy cast steel materials with high strength, high toughness and high plasticity become important research points in the future. Patent CN109750220a discloses a high toughness cast steel material with a tensile strength of 1200MPa, a room temperature impact of 30J, and an elongation of 10% (the weight percentage (wt%) of each element in the material composition is 0.3% -0.4% c,0.6-1.4% si,0.8-1.3% mn,0.6-1.4% cr,0.03-0.1% re,0.1-0.4% mo,0.06-0.15% v, s, P ≦ 0.03%, and the balance Fe.), although the tensile strength reaches 1200MPa, there are some shortages in toughness and plasticity, and the impact work is only 30J, and the elongation is 10%.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a low-alloy cast steel with high strength and toughness and a heat treatment method thereof, aiming at the problems in the prior art. The alloy cast steel plays a role in refining grains by adding the trace elements Nb, V and Ti. The preparation method adopts a composite-microalloying mode. The material obtained by the invention has the advantages of excellent comprehensive mechanical property, easy casting and forming and simple process, and is cast steel with high strength, high toughness and high plasticity.
The technical scheme of the invention is that,
a high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1% -0.3%, 0.4% -0.8% of Si,0.6% -0.85% of Mn,0.6% -1.2% of Cr,0.3% -0.7% of Mo,0.5% -1% of Ni,0.02% -0.08% of V,0.02% -0.08% of Nb,0.02% -0.08% of Ti,0.01% -0.05% of Cu, S is less than or equal to 0.01%, P is less than or equal to 0.01%, and the balance is Fe.
The preparation method of the low-alloy cast steel with high strength and toughness comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: batching, weighing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials comprise: industrial pure iron, pure silicon, electrolytic manganese, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic copper, chromium metal, sponge titanium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium;
step two: smelting, namely smelting by using a vacuum smelting furnace, firstly closing the furnace, vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of less than or equal to 1pa, and adding related raw materials; refining at 1580-1680 deg.C for 5-20 min after melting;
step three: casting, namely, casting in a vacuum furnace, continuously and stably casting molten steel into a prepared mould for forming at 1540-1620 ℃, finishing the whole casting process within 2-3 minutes, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in a vacuum state to obtain a cast steel finished product;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel further comprises the following steps:
step four: performing heat treatment, namely normalizing and preserving the cast steel obtained in the step three for 60-120 min at 820-900 ℃, and then performing air cooling; then heating to 840-940 deg.C, keeping temperature for 30-120 min, and water cooling quenching; finally, the temperature is adjusted to 540-620 ℃ for tempering, the temperature is kept for 90-150 min, and then air cooling is carried out.
In the fourth step, the normalizing temperature is preferably 30-60 ℃ above the Ac3 temperature, and the quenching temperature is preferably 50-100 ℃ above the Ac3 temperature. The Ac3 temperature point is the end temperature at which austenite is transformed during heating.
The invention has the substantive characteristics that:
the invention has the following components: adopts a composite-microalloying mode, and adds a plurality of trace elements Nb, V and Ti to play a role in refining grains. Through simulation calculation performed by Thermo-Calc software and a large number of experiments and analyses, the optimal component optimization is found, and the suitable alloy element collocation is found.
The preparation method comprises the following steps: smelting in a vacuum smelting furnace, wherein the alloy raw materials are industrial pure iron with the purity of more than 99% and electrolytic metal, so that the purity of the raw materials is guaranteed; refining at 1620 deg.c for 10min, and finishing casting for 2min to 30 sec. The heat treatment process comprises normalizing and quenching and tempering.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The component design is as follows: and performing systematic thermodynamic simulation on alloy elements and alloy content by adopting Thermo-Calc software to obtain the synergistic effect of the elements. The influence of alloy elements on the performance of the alloy steel is fully exerted, and simultaneously, a plurality of trace elements are added together, so that the effect of refining crystal grains can be well played, the growth of alloy carbides is inhibited, the alloy carbides form fine alloy carbides and can be uniformly distributed on a substrate, and the toughness and the plasticity of the alloy steel are improved;
(2) It is well known that strength and toughness of cast alloy steels are inversely related, and the higher the strength, the worse the toughness. Compared with the high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel material disclosed in the current national standard (CBY 14408-2014) with high-grade cast steel marks of 1450 (tensile strength MPa) -18J (impact toughness) -4 (elongation percentage), 1240 (tensile strength MPa) -22 (impact toughness) -5 (elongation percentage) and the patent with the best strength and toughness matching disclosed in the current stage CN109750220A, the room-temperature tensile strength of the high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel material is 1200 (elongation percentage) -33J (impact toughness) -12 (elongation percentage), the mechanical properties of the high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel material disclosed by the embodiments 1, 2 and 3 can reach the tensile strength of over 1200MPa in a room-temperature state, simultaneously have the elongation of about 14 percent and the room-temperature impact power of not less than 50J, have a better strength and toughness matching relationship, and can greatly expand the application range of the high-strength low alloy material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a picture of the metallographic structure of the high-toughness low-alloy cast steel obtained in example 1 after normalizing and quenching and tempering, magnified 500 times.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.22% C,0.7% by weight of Si,0.77% Mn,1.05% by weight of Cr,0.57% Mo,0.54% by weight of Ni,0.05% by weight of V,0.03% by weight of Nb,0.02% by weight of Ti,0.03% by weight of Cu,0.004% by weight of P, 0.008% by weight of S, and the balance of Fe. (S, P is derived from commercially pure iron or the like and contains a trace of S, P element)
The preparation process comprises the following steps: reserving the mold at 200 ℃ for 30min, placing the mold into a vacuum melting furnace, preparing raw materials according to components, wherein the raw materials selected in the experiment are shown in table 1, and the purity represents that: the content of the target element.
TABLE 1 alloy types and purities
The casting die was 70kg and the ingredients were dosed according to the designed composition, the mass of each material in example 1 is shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 alloy types and masses
Smelting: charging materials into a crucible, respectively adding industrial pure iron, electrolytic nickel, chromium metal, ferrovanadium and ferromolybdenum, closing a vacuum furnace, vacuumizing, wherein the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 1pa, adjusting the power to 130Kw, refining at 1620 ℃ for 10min, filling argon and adding carbon, then firstly adding pure silicon and electrolytic manganese, then adding sponge titanium, ferroniobium and electrolytic copper, finally adjusting the power to 100Kw, standing, and finishing smelting after the alloy is completely melted.
And (3) casting: pouring in a furnace at 1560-1580 ℃, wherein the pouring time is 2min and 30s (the high vacuum degree is ensured to be 1pa at all times), and solidifying in the furnace. The gas and non-metallic inclusions in the alloy can be effectively removed in a vacuum state, and the purity of the alloy is improved.
And (3) heat treatment process: the obtained cast slab is processed and then subjected to heat treatment. Firstly, normalizing treatment is carried out: normalizing at 30-50 deg.C above Ac3, actually controlling at 840-870 deg.C, keeping the normalizing temperature for 60-90 min, and air cooling; then quenching treatment: controlling the quenching temperature to be 850-880 ℃, controlling the quenching temperature to be 60-90 min, and then cooling by water; and (3) final tempering treatment: controlling the tempering temperature at 550-600 ℃, keeping the tempering temperature for 90-120 min, and then cooling in air.
The Ac3 temperature point is the end temperature at which austenite is transformed during heating. Example 1 the specific temperature is 810 ℃, the temperature is 840-870 ℃ above 30-60 DEG C
And (3) performing performance detection on the prepared high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel, performing a room-temperature stretching experiment on a longitudinal-transverse three-si electronic universal experiment machine according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010, wherein the stretching speed is 0.5mm/min, the inlet force is 10N, each group of experiments are performed for three times, and averaging. The tensile strength is 1230MPa, the yield strength is 1150MPa, the elongation is 14.20 percent, the elongation after fracture is 36.27 percent, and the room-temperature impact energy is 51J.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the components and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: 0.21% C,0.52% Si,0.72% Mn,0.70% Cr,0.53% Mo,0.60% Ni,0.05% V,0.02% Nb,0.02% Ti,0.02% Al,0.03% Cu, the balance Fe.0.005% S,0.007% P.
The high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel prepared by the method is basically the same as the manufacturing method of the embodiment 1, and the tensile strength is 1262MPa, the yield strength is 1162MPa, the elongation is 14.67%, the elongation after fracture is 35.00%, and the impact energy is 52J by detecting the performance.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.17% C,0.50% by weight of Si,0.86% by weight of Mn,0.71% by weight of Cr,0.67% of Mo,0.52% by weight of Ni,0.05% by weight of V,0.03% by weight of Nb,0.02% by weight of Ti,0.01% by weight of Al,0.03% by weight of Cu, and the balance of Fe.0.007% S,0.004% P.
Basically the same as the manufacturing method of the example 1, the prepared high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel is subjected to performance detection, and has the tensile strength of 1210MPa, the yield strength of 1121MPa, the elongation of 14.78%, the elongation after fracture of 37.56% and the impact energy of 50J.
After heat treatment, the structure is a tempered sorbite structure as shown in FIG. 1, which is a 500-fold magnified metallographic image of example 1. In the austenitizing process, because alloy elements such as Nb, V, ti and the like are added into the alloy components, the austenite grains are refined. Meanwhile, during subsequent tempering, the ferrite is in a fine needle plate strip shape, and alloy carbide particles are uniformly distributed on the matrix, so that the toughness and plasticity of the alloy steel are improved.
And (3) testing mechanical properties:
the room temperature stretching experiment is carried out on a longitudinal and transverse three-thought electronic universal experiment machine according to the national standard GB/T228.1-2010, the stretching speed is 0.5mm/min, the entrance force is 10N, each group of experiments are carried out for three times, and the average value is taken.
| Numbering | Rm/MPa | Rp0.2/MPa | A/％ | Z/％ | Impact work/J |
| Example 1 | 1230 | 1150 | 14.20 | 36.27 | 51 |
| Example 2 | 1262 | 1162 | 14.67 | 35.00 | 52 |
| Example 3 | 1210 | 1121 | 14.78 | 37.56 | 50 |
| CN109750220A | 1200 | 10 | 30 |
Through the above examples, we can see that the tensile strength of the material obtained by the invention is more than or equal to 1200MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1100MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 14%, the reduction of area is more than or equal to 35%, the room temperature impact absorption energy KV2 is more than or equal to 50J, and the Brinell hardness value is 400-480HBW. The excellent mechanical property can greatly expand the application of the low-alloy cast steel material in engineering and structural castings.
Comparative example 1
The other steps were the same as example 1 except that 0.05% Nb was added and V, ti was not added.
The performance of the obtained cast steel is 1095MPa of tensile strength at room temperature, 982MPa of yield strength, 10.4 percent of elongation and 31J of impact energy at room temperature.
The invention is not the best known technology.
Claims (2)
1. A high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel is characterized in that the cast steel comprises the following three components in percentage by mass: first, 0.22% by weight of C,0.7% by weight of Si,0.77% by weight of Mn,1.05% by weight of Cr,0.57% by weight of Mo,0.54% by weight of Ni,0.05% by weight of V,0.03% by weight of Nb,0.02% by weight of Ti,0.03% by weight of Cu,0.004% by weight of P, 0.008% by weight of S, the balance being Fe;
or, the second, 0.21% C,0.52% Si,0.72% Mn,0.70% Cr,0.53% Mo,0.60% Ni,0.05% V,0.02% Nb,0.02% Ti,0.02% Al,0.03% Cu,0.005% S,0.007% P, the balance Fe;
or, third, 0.17% by weight of C,0.50% by weight of Si,0.86% by weight of Mn,0.71% by weight of Cr,0.67% by weight of Mo,0.52% by weight of Ni,0.05% by weight of V,0.03% by weight of Nb,0.02% by weight of Ti,0.01% by weight of Al,0.03% by weight of Cu,0.007% by weight of S,0.004% by weight of P, the balance being Fe;
the preparation method of the high-strength and high-toughness low-alloy cast steel comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: batching, weighing raw materials according to the proportion, wherein the raw materials comprise: industrial pure iron, pure silicon, electrolytic manganese, electrolytic nickel, electrolytic copper, metal chromium, sponge titanium, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and ferroniobium;
step two: smelting, namely smelting by using a vacuum smelting furnace, firstly closing the furnace, vacuumizing to a vacuum degree of less than or equal to 1pa, and adding related raw materials; refining at 1580-1680 deg.C for 5-20 min after melting;
step three: casting, namely, casting in a vacuum furnace, continuously and stably casting molten steel into a prepared mould for forming at 1540-1620 ℃, finishing the whole casting process within 2-3 minutes, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace in a vacuum state to obtain a cast steel finished product;
step four: heat treatment, normalizing and preserving the cast steel obtained in the step three at 820-900 ℃ for 60-120 min, and then air cooling; then heating to 840-940 deg.C, keeping temperature for 30-120 min, and water cooling; finally, the temperature is adjusted to 540-620 ℃ for tempering, the temperature is kept for 90-150 min, and then air cooling is carried out.
2. The method for producing a high-toughness low-alloy cast steel as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the normalizing temperature is 30 ℃ to 60 ℃ above the Ac3 temperature, and the quenching temperature is 50 ℃ to 100 ℃ above the Ac3 temperature.
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| CN107760983A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2018-03-06 | 江苏鼎泰工程材料有限公司 | A kind of production method of low-alloy super-strength steel and its casting |
| CN109554617A (en) * | 2016-08-18 | 2019-04-02 | 江苏鼎泰工程材料有限公司 | Low-alloy super-strength steel casting and its production method |
| CN112442630A (en) * | 2019-08-29 | 2021-03-05 | 江苏鼎泰工程材料有限公司 | Low-alloy ultrahigh-strength steel casting and production method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20230619 Address after: 15266 Shouji Road, Tangshan Town, Huantai County, Zibo City, Shandong Province 255000 Patentee after: Shandong Huida Vermilion Equipment Co.,Ltd. Address before: 300130 No. 8, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, Hongqiao No. 330 Patentee before: Hebei University of Technology |