CN116005078A - Manufacturing method of lamellar heterogeneous structure high-strength steel - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of lamellar heterogeneous structure high-strength steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing method of lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel, which relates to the technical field of steel material processing, and is characterized in that: melting the steel body in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into an ingot; homogenizing the cast ingot at 1200 ℃, and forging the cast ingot into a blank forging plate; hot Rolling (HR) the forging plate into a hot rolled steel plate in a temperature range of 1150-950 ℃ and air cooling to room temperature; further warm rolling the hot rolled steel plate to obtain a layered structure; the warm rolled steel plate is subjected to sub-temperature annealing (IA); cold rolling the warm-rolled steel plate subjected to the sub-temperature annealing to obtain a cold-rolled steel plate; finally, the cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to partial recrystallization annealing and then air-cooled. Adopts the technical characteristics of combining warm rolling and incomplete recrystallization annealing, and prepares the layered heterostructure microstructure with mixed micro-nano recrystallized grains and deformed elongated coarse austenite grains.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of steel material processing, in particular to a method for manufacturing lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel.
Background
Under the background of double carbon, energy conservation and emission reduction are a great trend of development of various industries, and the steel industry is promoted to develop directions with high strength, high toughness and the like at the same time, so that the equipment quality is greatly reduced. Among the numerous strengthening means, it is believed that only fine grain strengthening methods can improve both the strength and plasticity of the steel material. However, the typical ultra-fine grain process means is mainly subjected to severe plastic deformation, is not suitable for large-scale industrial production, and is limited in practical application.
In addition to the conventional toughening ways of alloying and grain refining, materials with heterogeneous structures such as lamellar structures, gradient grain structures and the like are found to have good strength-plastic matching characteristics. Materials scientific researchers refer to the preparation method of the composite material, try to obtain good comprehensive mechanical properties of the alloy by constructing the layered composite structure steel material, for example, obtain the layered metal composite material by adopting preparation methods such as explosion coincidence, welding and rolling and the like for a plurality of steel materials with different strength, plasticity and other mechanical properties, and obviously improve the properties. However, when different types of materials are prepared into the same material, the processing itself is difficult due to the difference in strength, plasticity, etc. of the single-phase material. It is of great significance to develop a processing method for manufacturing a layered heterogeneous structure from a single material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for manufacturing lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel, which is a method for manufacturing lamellar heterogeneous by using a single material.
The technical aim of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the manufacturing method of the lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: C. 0.35-0.45%, mn 9.5-10.5%, al 1.5-2.5%, V0.45-0.55%, si 0.5-1.5%, mo 0-0.5%, and Fe the rest; the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating the complete transformation temperature of ferrite and cementite of the steel body by using phase diagram simulation software and a database;
s2: weighing raw materials according to the components contained in the steel and the mass fraction ratio of each component, melting the steel body in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into cast ingots;
s3: heating the cast ingot to 1200 ℃ in a protective atmosphere for homogenization, and forging the cast ingot into a rectangular blank forging plate with the thickness of 20 mm;
s4: heating the blank forging plate to 1150 ℃ under the protection argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 30min, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the forging plate in the temperature range of 1150-950 ℃, hot-rolling (HR) hot-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 4.5mm, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s5: heating a box-type resistance furnace to 600-800 ℃, placing a hot rolled steel plate into the furnace and preserving heat, performing warm rolling at 600-800 ℃, continuing to return to the furnace for heating and preserving heat after one pass of warm rolling, repeating rolling and preserving heat for 6-10 times, finally rolling the steel plate to a thickness of 1.5-1.7 mm, and finally performing air cooling to room temperature; after warm rolling, the steel plate is subjected to subtemperature annealing at 620 ℃ for 5 hours to recover part of processing plasticity, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature;
s6: cold-rolling the warm-rolled steel plate subjected to the sub-temperature annealing to a cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.2mm-1.4mm, wherein the cold-rolling reduction rate is 15% -25%; finally, the box-type resistance furnace is heated to 675-775 ℃ at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min, then the cold rolled steel plate is rapidly put in, the recrystallization annealing treatment is carried out for 5min, and then the air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
The invention is further provided with: in the step S1, the complete transformation temperatures of ferrite and cementite under the equilibrium phase diagram are 725-735 ℃ and 605-615 ℃ respectively calculated by Thermal-Calc software and TCFE7 database.
The invention is further provided with: in the warm rolling process in the step S5, the hot rolled steel plate is firstly heated to the target temperature and is kept for 10 minutes, then 8 rolling passes are used to reduce the total thickness by 50% -70%, and the hot rolled steel plate is returned to the furnace for heating after each rolling pass.
The invention is further provided with: the smaller reduction of each pass is ensured to be less than 15% in the warm rolling process.
In summary, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The method does not need to use very complex processing modes such as explosive cladding, welding and rolling, arc additive manufacturing and the like, can prepare the isomeric structure only by rolling and annealing, has easy operation, saves energy sources and is convenient for realizing large-scale industrial production.
(2) The invention adopts the technical characteristics of combining warm rolling and incomplete recrystallization annealing to prepare the layered heterostructure microstructure with mixed micro-nano recrystallized grains and deformed elongated coarse austenite grains.
(3) In the lamellar heterogeneous structure generated by the invention, the multi-stage grain size distribution of the micro-nano recrystallized grains and the coarse lamellar grains provides richer austenite stability, the multi-stage grains are in coordinated deformation in the stretching deformation process, the austenite is continuously transformed into martensite, and the excellent plasticity and strength of the material are ensured.
(4) After annealing at 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 5min, the yield strength can reach 1014.4MPa-1177.4MPa, the tensile strength distribution interval is 1351.3MPa-1629.8MPa, the total elongation is 44.6%, and the product of strength and elongation can reach 81.7GPa percent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hot rolling, warm rolling and heat treatment process of layered heterogeneous steel according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an IPF plot of a typical lamellar structure after EBSD calibration after warm rolling in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an IPF plot after EBSD calibration of a typical lamellar heterogeneous structure obtained after incomplete recrystallization annealing in an example of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an engineering stress-strain curve of a layered heterostructure steel after treatment according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to fig. 1-4.
The manufacturing method of the lamellar heterogeneous structure high-strength steel is shown in figures 1-4, and the high-strength steel comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: C. 0.35-0.45%, mn 9.5-10.5%, al 1.5-2.5%, V0.45-0.55%, si 0.5-1.5%, mo 0-0.5%, and Fe the rest; the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating the complete transformation temperature of ferrite and cementite of the steel body by using phase diagram simulation software and a database;
s2: weighing raw materials according to the components contained in the steel and the mass fraction ratio of each component, melting the steel body in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into cast ingots;
s3: heating the cast ingot to 1200 ℃ in a protective atmosphere for homogenization, and forging the cast ingot into a rectangular blank forging plate with the thickness of 20 mm;
s4: heating the blank forging plate to 1150 ℃ under the protection argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 30min, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the forging plate in the temperature range of 1150-950 ℃, hot-rolling (HR) hot-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 4.5mm, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s5: heating a box-type resistance furnace to 600-800 ℃, placing a hot rolled steel plate into the furnace and preserving heat, performing warm rolling at 600-800 ℃, continuing to return to the furnace for heating and preserving heat after one pass of warm rolling, repeating rolling and preserving heat for 6-10 times, finally rolling the steel plate to a thickness of 1.5-1.7 mm, and finally performing air cooling to room temperature; after warm rolling, the steel plate is subjected to subtemperature annealing at 620 ℃ for 5 hours to recover part of processing plasticity, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature;
s6: cold-rolling the warm-rolled steel plate subjected to the sub-temperature annealing to a cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.2mm-1.4mm, wherein the cold-rolling reduction rate is 15% -25%; finally, the box-type resistance furnace is heated to 675-775 ℃ at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min, then the cold rolled steel plate is rapidly put in, the recrystallization annealing treatment is carried out for 5min, and then the air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
The method is further provided as follows: in the step S1, the complete transformation temperatures of ferrite and cementite under the equilibrium phase diagram are 725-735 ℃ and 605-615 ℃ respectively calculated by Thermal-Calc software and TCFE7 database.
Further provided is that: in the warm rolling process in the step S5, the hot rolled steel plate is firstly heated to the target temperature and is kept for 10 minutes, then 8 rolling passes are used to reduce the total thickness by 50% -70%, and the hot rolled steel plate is returned to the furnace for heating after each rolling pass.
Further provided is that: the smaller reduction of each pass is ensured to be less than 15% in the warm rolling process.
Embodiment one: a processing method of steel with lamellar heterogeneous structure comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: C. 0.40%, mn 9.58%, al 2.01%, V0.52%, si 0.99%, mo 0.45%, and the balance Fe.
The complete transformation temperatures of ferrite and cementite under the equilibrium phase diagram were 729 ℃ and 611 ℃ respectively calculated by Thermal-Calc software and TCFE7 database.
1) Smelting
Weighing raw materials according to the components contained in the steel and the mass fraction ratio of each component, and melting in a vacuum induction furnace
Casting to obtain cast ingots.
(2) Forging
After heating the ingot to 1200 ℃ for homogenization for 2 hours under a protective atmosphere, forging the ingot into a blank with the thickness of 20mm (the final forging temperature is higher than 950 ℃), and cooling to room temperature after forging.
(3) Hot rolling
Heating the forging blank to 1150 ℃ under the protection argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 30min, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the forging plate heat within the temperature range of 1150-950 ℃ to obtain the final thickness of the hot rolled plate which is 4.45mm, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
(4) Warm rolling
Heating a box-type resistance furnace to 750 ℃, placing a hot rolled steel plate into the box-type resistance furnace and preserving heat for 15min, performing warm rolling at 750 ℃ with a single-pass pressing amount less than 15%, continuously returning to the furnace for 650 ℃ for heating and preserving heat for 15min after one pass of warm rolling, repeating the rolling and preserving heat for 8 times, finally rolling the steel plate to a thickness of 1.59mm to obtain a steel plate with a layered structure, and finally air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Softening annealing
After warm rolling, the 1.59mm steel sheet was subjected to sub-temperature annealing at 620 ℃ for 5 hours to recover part of working plasticity, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
(6) Cold rolling
And polishing the steel plate after cooling, rolling and annealing, removing surface oxide scales, and rolling the steel plate to be 1.34mm thick in a room temperature environment by multiple passes of cooling.
(7) Annealing
Heating the box-type resistance furnace to 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ respectively at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min, rapidly putting the cold-rolled steel plate into the box-type resistance furnace, carrying out recrystallization annealing treatment for 5min, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
During processing at 750 ℃, austenite grains change from equiaxed shapes after hot rolling to elongated layered structures. In the heat preservation process at 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ after cold rolling, a cold rolling process with smaller pressing quantity provides recrystallization and phase change driving force of partial grains during annealing so as to achieve heterogeneous grain distribution by partial grain recrystallization, partial deformation martensite is reversely converted into austenite, a lamellar structure is obtained after warm rolling, and finally a complex microstructure with lamellar structure and heterogeneous grain distribution is obtained, wherein the specific morphology is shown in figure 3.
The layered heterogeneous steel obtained by the method has excellent strength and plastic combination, yields reach 1054.7MPa and 1014.4MPa respectively after being annealed at 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 5min, tensile strengths are 1351.3MPa and 1425.8MPa respectively, total elongation rates are 52.5% and 50.5%, and strength and plastic strength reach 70.5 GPa% and 75.0 GPa% respectively. The engineering stress-strain curve is shown in FIG. 4
Embodiment two: a processing method of steel with lamellar heterogeneous structure comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: C. 0.42%, mn 10.50%, al 1.98%, V0.55%, si 1.05%, mo 0.55%, and the balance Fe.
The complete transformation temperatures of ferrite and cementite under the equilibrium phase diagram were 733 ℃ and 615 ℃ respectively calculated by Thermal-Calc software and TCFE7 database.
1) Smelting
Weighing raw materials according to the components contained in the steel and the mass fraction ratio of each component, and melting in a vacuum induction furnace
Casting to obtain cast ingots.
(2) Forging
After heating the ingot to 1200 ℃ for homogenization for 2 hours under a protective atmosphere, forging the ingot into a blank with the thickness of 20mm (the final forging temperature is higher than 950 ℃), and cooling to room temperature after forging.
(3) Hot rolling
Heating the forging blank to 1150 ℃ under protective atmosphere, preserving heat for 30min, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the forging plate heat in the temperature range of 1150-950 ℃ to obtain the final thickness of the hot rolled plate which is 4.55mm, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
(4) Warm rolling
Heating a box-type resistance furnace to 650 ℃, placing a hot rolled steel plate into the furnace and preserving heat for 15min, performing warm rolling at 650 ℃ with a single-pass pressing amount less than 15%, continuously returning to the furnace at 650 ℃ for heating and preserving heat for 15min after one pass of warm rolling, repeating the rolling and preserving heat for 8 times, finally rolling the steel plate to a thickness of 1.60mm to obtain a steel plate with a layered structure, and finally performing air cooling to room temperature.
(5) Softening annealing
After warm rolling, the 1.60mm steel sheet was subjected to sub-temperature annealing at 620 ℃ for 5 hours to recover part of working plasticity, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
(6) Cold rolling
And polishing the steel plate after cooling, rolling and annealing, removing surface oxide scales, and rolling the steel plate to be 1.36mm thick in a room temperature environment by multiple passes of cooling.
(7) Annealing
Heating the box-type resistance furnace to 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ respectively at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min, rapidly putting the cold-rolled steel plate into the box-type resistance furnace, carrying out recrystallization annealing treatment for 5min, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
The layered heterogeneous steel obtained by the method in the embodiment has excellent strength and plastic combination, yields reach 1177.4MPa and 1090.9MPa respectively after being annealed at 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 5min, tensile strengths are 1434.6MPa and 1490.3MPa respectively, total elongation is 44.6% and 54.8%, and strength and plastic strength reach 64.0 GPa% and 81.7 GPa% respectively. The engineering stress-strain curve is shown in FIG. 4
Embodiment III: a processing method of steel with lamellar heterogeneous structure comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: C. 0.39%, mn 9.98%, al 1.96%, V0.50%, si 1.02%, mo 0.48%, and the balance Fe.
The complete transformation temperatures of ferrite and cementite under equilibrium phase diagram were calculated by Thermal-Calc software and TCFE7 database to be 725 ℃ and 610 ℃, respectively.
1) Smelting
Weighing raw materials according to the components contained in the steel and the mass fraction ratio of each component, and melting in a vacuum induction furnace
Casting to obtain cast ingots.
(2) Forging
After heating the ingot to 1200 ℃ for homogenization for 2 hours under a protective atmosphere, forging the ingot into a blank with the thickness of 20mm (the final forging temperature is higher than 950 ℃), and cooling to room temperature after forging.
(3) Hot rolling
Heating the forging blank to 1150 ℃ under the protection argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 30min, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the forging plate heat within the temperature range of 1150-950 ℃ to obtain the final thickness of the hot rolled plate which is 4.50mm, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
(4) Warm rolling
Heating a box-type resistance furnace to 750 ℃, placing a hot rolled steel plate into the box-type resistance furnace and preserving heat for 15min, performing warm rolling at 750 ℃ with a single-pass pressing amount less than 15%, continuously returning to the furnace for 650 ℃ for heating and preserving heat for 15min after one pass of warm rolling, repeating the rolling and preserving heat for 10 times, finally rolling the steel plate to a thickness of 1.60mm to obtain a steel plate with a layered structure, and finally air-cooling to room temperature.
(5) Softening annealing
After warm rolling, the 1.60mm steel sheet was subjected to sub-temperature annealing at 620 ℃ for 5 hours to recover part of working plasticity, and then air-cooled to room temperature.
(6) Cold rolling
And polishing the steel plate after cooling, rolling and annealing, removing surface oxide scales, and rolling the steel plate to be 1.26mm thick in a room temperature environment by multiple passes of cooling.
(7) Annealing
Heating the box-type resistance furnace to 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ respectively at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min, rapidly putting the cold-rolled steel plate into the box-type resistance furnace, carrying out recrystallization annealing treatment for 5min, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
The layered heterogeneous steel obtained by the method of each embodiment has excellent strength and plastic combination, yields reach 1110.6 MPa and 1055.8MPa respectively after being annealed at 700 ℃ and 750 ℃ for 5min, tensile strengths are 1464.1MPa and 1629.8MPa respectively, total elongation is 44.8% and 44.7%, and strength and plastic strength reach 65.6 GPa% and 72.8 GPa% respectively. The engineering stress-strain curve is shown in fig. 4.
In the warm rolling process, the smaller reduction of each pass is ensured to be less than 15 percent, so that the recrystallization is prevented from occurring by returning to the furnace for heating after the single pass reduction is overlarge. After warm rolling, a lamellar structure can be obtained. Finally, the cold rolling with smaller rolling reduction provides the power of partial grain recrystallization during annealing at 700-750 ℃ so as to achieve the partial grain recrystallization and obtain the layered heterogeneous structure with layered structure and heterogeneous grain distribution.
The present embodiment is only for explanation of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and modifications to the present embodiment, which may not creatively contribute to the present invention as required by those skilled in the art after reading the present specification, are all protected by patent laws within the scope of claims of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A manufacturing method of lamellar heterogeneous structure high-strength steel is characterized by comprising the following steps: the high-strength steel comprises the following main elements in percentage by mass: C. 0.35-0.45%, mn 9.5-10.5%, al 1.5-2.5%, V0.45-0.55%, si 0.5-1.5%, mo 0-0.5%, and Fe the rest; the processing method comprises the following steps:
s1: calculating the complete transformation temperature of ferrite and cementite of the steel body by using phase diagram simulation software and a database;
s2: weighing raw materials according to the components contained in the steel and the mass fraction ratio of each component, melting the steel body in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into cast ingots;
s3: heating the cast ingot to 1200 ℃ in a protective atmosphere for homogenization, and forging the cast ingot into a rectangular blank forging plate with the thickness of 20 mm;
s4: heating the blank forging plate to 1150 ℃ under the protection argon atmosphere, preserving heat for 30min, carrying out multi-pass rolling on the forging plate in the temperature range of 1150-950 ℃, hot-rolling (HR) hot-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 4.5mm, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s5: heating a box-type resistance furnace to 600-800 ℃, placing a hot rolled steel plate into the furnace and preserving heat, performing warm rolling at 600-800 ℃, continuing to return to the furnace for heating and preserving heat after one pass of warm rolling, repeating rolling and preserving heat for 6-10 times, finally rolling the steel plate to a thickness of 1.5-1.7 mm, and finally performing air cooling to room temperature; after warm rolling, the steel plate is subjected to subtemperature annealing at 620 ℃ for 5 hours to recover part of processing plasticity, and then air cooling is carried out to room temperature;
s6: cold-rolling the warm-rolled steel plate subjected to the sub-temperature annealing to a cold-rolled steel plate with the thickness of 1.2mm-1.4mm, wherein the cold-rolling reduction rate is 15% -25%; finally, the box-type resistance furnace is heated to 675-775 ℃ at a heating speed of 10 ℃/min, then the cold rolled steel plate is rapidly put in, the recrystallization annealing treatment is carried out for 5min, and then the air cooling is carried out to room temperature.
2. The method for manufacturing lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S1, the complete transformation temperatures of ferrite and cementite under the equilibrium phase diagram are 725-735 ℃ and 605-615 ℃ respectively calculated by Thermal-Calc software and TCFE7 database.
3. The method for manufacturing lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the warm rolling process in the step S5, the hot rolled steel plate is firstly heated to the target temperature and is kept for 10 minutes, then 8 rolling passes are used to reduce the total thickness by 50% -70%, and the hot rolled steel plate is returned to the furnace for heating after each rolling pass.
4. The method for manufacturing a lamellar heterogeneous high-strength steel according to claim 3, characterized in that: the smaller reduction of each pass is ensured to be less than 15% in the warm rolling process.
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| CN117403139B (en) * | 2023-12-14 | 2024-02-09 | 河北科技大学 | Medium manganese steel and preparation method thereof |
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