CN114031387B - 一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于铁氧体磁材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,该制备方法包括备料、预处理、一次研磨、一次烧结、二次研磨、二次烧结、造粒、成型、三次烧结、退火后得到铁氧体磁性材料。本发明制备方法通过对原料进行热处理去除多余的杂质,提高磁导率,然后掺杂可提高磁导率的辅料进一步提高磁导率;通过掺入少量高电阻的树脂,并结合多次研磨、烧结,得到的铁氧体磁性材料具有高磁导率、低损耗的特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于铁氧体磁材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法。
背景技术
铁氧体是一种具有亚铁磁性的金属氧化物。铁氧体的电阻率比单质金属或合金磁性材料大得多,具有较高的介电性能和磁导率。因而,铁氧体已成为高频弱电领域用途广泛的非金属磁性材料。由于铁氧体单位体积中储存的磁能较低,饱合磁感应强度(Bs)也较低,限制了它在要求较高磁能密度的低频强电和大功率领域的应用。
而随着电子技术的高速发展,电子系统的应用领域越来越广泛,电子设备的种类也越来越多,电子设备与人们的工作、生活之间的联系日益密切。小型化、轻量化、集成化是现代电子产品发展不可逆的趋势,这就使得对产品的需求朝着高频化、低损耗、高磁导率的方向发展。传统锰锌铁氧体虽然具有较低的电阻率,但是其在高频环境下涡流损耗较大,优势不明显。因此,开发一款低损耗、高磁导率的铁氧体磁性材料已成为趋势。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,该制备方法通过对原料进行热处理去除多余的杂质,提高磁导率,然后掺杂可提高磁导率的辅料进一步提高磁导率;通过掺入少量高电阻的树脂,并结合多次研磨、烧结,得到的铁氧体磁性材料具有高磁导率、低损耗的特性。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.备料:按质量百分比准备各原料成分:Fe2O3 53-55%、MnO 24-26%、ZnO 19-20%、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末0.05-1%,MoO3 0.2-0.6%,其它掺杂物0.1-0.3%;
S2.预处理:分别将Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO置于高温电炉中,在氮气环境下进行热处理;
S3.一次研磨:将S2中预处理的Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO混合加入到研磨机,然后加入掺杂物,研磨2-4h,得到一次研磨产物;
S4.一次烧结:将S3的一次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,升温至700-810℃煅烧,保温2-4h,降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到一次烧结产物;
S5.二次研磨:将S4的一次烧结产物加入到研磨机,然后加入MoO3和聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,研磨1-3h,得到二次研磨产物;
S6.二次烧结:将S5的二次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,升温至600-750℃煅烧,保温2-4h,降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到二次烧结产物;
S7.造粒、成型:将S6二次烧结产物进行喷雾造粒,然后送至压制机内压制成型,得到成型坯料;
S8.三次烧结:将S7的成型坯料在氮气环境下,1050-1150℃温度煅烧,保温5-7h,然后在真空条件下进行退火,得到铁氧体磁性材料。
本技术方案中通过对原料预先进行热处理可以进一步去除原料中杂质;通过掺入能改善材料磁导率、磁损耗等性能的辅料,可提高产品磁导率;通过掺入MoO3,利用Mo的原子特性,可增加晶格内的空位,提高晶界的移动能力,提高磁导率,但是掺入MoO3的量并不是越多越好;通过掺入少量高电阻的树脂,可提高磁性产品的电阻率,降低磁和涡流损耗;进行多次烧结可得到气孔率低、晶界直而且均匀的烧结体。
进一步地,上述技术方案S1中,所述其它掺杂物为SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的混合粉末,所述混合粉末中SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的质量比为3-9:1-3:2-4。
γ-Bi2O3是一种特殊的材料,具有立方萤石矿型结构,SO3是一种强氧化剂,在标准状态下是固体,上述两种物质与CaO配合掺入到磁性材料中可改善磁性材料的磁导率和电阻率,降低磁滞损耗。本技术方案中通过控制SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO三者的比例,有利于提高磁导率和降低磁损耗。
进一步地,上述技术方案S1中,所述聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的粒径为50-80μm,所述γ-Bi2O3的纯度大于99.2%。
本技术方案中通过加入高耐温的聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,掺入到磁性材料中不会受到烧结的影响,可提高电阻率,降低磁损耗和涡流损耗。γ-Bi2O3作为重要的添加剂,其纯度越高,结构越紧密,也不会引入其它杂质到磁性材料中,改善效果越好,有利于晶粒的生长。
进一步地,上述技术方案S2中,所述热处理方式为:采用以4-6℃/min的速度升温至550-650℃,并保温1.5-2h,然后自然降至室温。本技术方案中通过预先对原料进行热处理,可进一步去除原料中的杂质,其结构晶格更致密,磁导率越高。
进一步地,上述技术方案S4、S6中,所述升温速率为6-8℃/min,所述降温速率为3-5℃/min。
本技术方案中通过控制升温速度,防止温度升温/降温过快影响结构晶格的排布。
进一步地,上述技术方案S3中,所述研磨速度为250-500r/min,研磨粒径至1-1.5μm;S5中,所述研磨速度为250-500r/min,研磨粒径至0.6-0.8μm。
进一步地,上述技术方案S7中,所述压制为静压方式压制,压制压力为500-700MPa。本技术方案中采用静压方式压制,可防止因压力过大导致坯料层开裂或断裂,而影响产品磁导率和质量。
进一步地,上述技术方案S7中,所述成型坯料为片状。本技术方案中将磁性材料做成片状,有利于降低磁损耗。
进一步地,上述技术方案S8中,所述退火过程为:先升温至600-800℃,保温20-40min,然后先降温至300-400℃,保温20-40min,再降至室温。
进一步地,上述技术方案中,所述磁性材料中碳含量低于0.015%。
磁性材料中碳含量过高,会造成磁导率下降,磁滞损耗、矫顽力增加。本技术方案中通过预热处理和控制树脂的添加量,将可铁氧体磁性材料中碳含量控制在0.015%以下,有利于提高磁导率和降低磁损耗。
本发明具有的有益效果是:
本发明通过对原料预先进行热处理可以一定程度的去除原料中杂质,提高磁导率;通过掺入能改善材料磁导率、磁损耗等性能的SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO辅料,可提高产品磁导率磁导率和电阻率,降低磁滞损;通过掺入MoO3,利用Mo的原子特性,可增加晶格内的空位,提高晶界的移动能力,提高磁导率;通过掺入少量高耐温的聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,可提高磁性产品的电阻率,降低磁损耗和涡流损耗;进行多次研磨和烧结处理,材料混合均,可得到气孔率低、晶界直而且均匀的烧结体,最终得到的铁氧体磁性材料具有高磁导率、低损耗的特性。
具体实施方式
下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例涉及的原料若无特别说明,均为普通市售品,皆可通过市场购买获得。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述:
实施例1
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.备料:按质量百分比准备各原料成分:Fe2O3 53%、MnO 26%、ZnO 120%、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末0.3%,MoO3 0.6%,其它掺杂物0.1%;所述其它掺杂物为SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的混合粉末,其质量比为3:1:4;
S2.预处理:分别将Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO置于高温电炉中,在氮气环境下进行热处理,热处理方式为采用以4℃/min的速度升温至550℃,并保温2h,然后自然降至室温;
S3.一次研磨:将S2中预处理的Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO混合加入到研磨机,然后加入其它掺杂物,研磨2h,研磨速度为500r/min,得到一次研磨产物;
S4.一次烧结:将S3的一次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以6℃/min的速率升温至810℃煅烧,保温2h,以3℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到一次烧结产物;
S5.二次研磨:将S4的一次烧结产物加入到研磨机,然后加入MoO3和聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,研磨4h,研磨速度为250r/min,得到二次研磨产物;
S6.二次烧结:将S5的二次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以6℃/min的速率升温至750℃煅烧,保温2h,以5℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到二次烧结产物;
S7.造粒、成型:将S6二次烧结产物进行喷雾造粒,然后送至压制机内以压力为500MPa静压方式压制成型,得到片状坯料;
S8.三次烧结:将S7的成型坯料在氮气环境下,1050℃温度煅烧,保温7h,然后在真空条件下进行退火,退火过程为:先升温至600℃,保温40min,然后先降温至300℃,保温40min,再降至室温,得到铁氧体磁性材料。
实施例2
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.备料:按质量百分比准备各原料成分:Fe2O3 54%、MnO 25%、ZnO 19%、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末0.4%,MoO3 0.4%,其它掺杂物0.2%;所述其它掺杂物为SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的混合粉末,其质量比为5:2:3;
S2.预处理:分别将Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO置于高温电炉中,在氮气环境下进行热处理,热处理方式为采用以5℃/min的速度升温至600℃,并保温2h,然后自然降至室温;
S3.一次研磨:将S2中预处理的Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO混合加入到研磨机,然后加入其它掺杂物,研磨3h,研磨速度为400r/min,得到一次研磨产物;
S4.一次烧结:将S3的一次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以7℃/min的速率升温至750℃煅烧,保温3h,以4℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到一次烧结产物;
S5.二次研磨:将S4的一次烧结产物加入到研磨机,然后加入MoO3和聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,研磨2h,研磨速度为400r/min,得到二次研磨产物;
S6.二次烧结:将S5的二次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以7℃/min的速率升温至700℃煅烧,保温3h,以4℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到二次烧结产物;
S7.造粒、成型:将S6二次烧结产物进行喷雾造粒,然后送至压制机内以压力为600MPa静压方式压制成型,得到片状坯料;
S8.三次烧结:将S7的成型坯料在氮气环境下,1100℃温度煅烧,保温6h,然后在真空条件下进行退火,退火过程为:先升温至700℃,保温30min,然后先降温至350℃,保温30min,再降至室温,得到铁氧体磁性材料。
实施例3
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.备料:按质量百分比准备各原料成分:Fe2O3 56%、MnO 24%、ZnO 19%、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末0.5%,MoO3 0.2%,其它掺杂物0.3%;所述其它掺杂物为SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的混合粉末,其质量比为9:3:4;
S2.预处理:分别将Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO置于高温电炉中,在氮气环境下进行热处理,热处理方式为采用以6℃/min的速度升温至650℃,并保温1.5h,然后自然降至室温;
S3.一次研磨:将S2中预处理的Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO混合加入到研磨机,然后加入其它掺杂物,研磨4h,研磨速度为250r/min,得到一次研磨产物;
S4.一次烧结:将S3的一次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以8℃/min的速率升温至700℃煅烧,保温4h,以3℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到一次烧结产物;
S5.二次研磨:将S4的一次烧结产物加入到研磨机,然后加入MoO3和聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,研磨1h,研磨速度为500r/min,得到二次研磨产物;
S6.二次烧结:将S5的二次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以8℃/min的速率升温至600℃煅烧,保温4h,以3℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到二次烧结产物;
S7.造粒、成型:将S6二次烧结产物进行喷雾造粒,然后送至压制机内以压力为700MPa静压方式压制成型,得到片状坯料;
S8.三次烧结:将S7的成型坯料在氮气环境下,1150℃温度煅烧,保温5h,然后在真空条件下进行退火,退火过程为:先升温至800℃,保温20min,然后先降温至400℃,保温20min,再降至室温,得到铁氧体磁性材料。
对比例1
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,具体步骤同实施例1,只是无预处理步骤。
对比例2
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,具体步骤同实施例1,只是其它掺杂物只有CaO。
对比例3
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,具体步骤同实施例1,只是无MoO3。
对比例4
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,具体步骤同实施例1,只是MoO3用量为1%。
对比例5
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,具体步骤同实施例1,只是无聚酰亚胺树脂粉末。
对比例6
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,具体步骤同实施例1,只是聚酰亚胺树脂粉末用量为2%,磁性材料中碳含量大于0.05%。
对比例7
一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.备料:按质量百分比准备各原料成分:Fe2O3 53%、MnO 26%、ZnO120%、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末0.3%,MoO3 0.6%,其它掺杂物0.1%;所述其它掺杂物为SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的混合粉末,其质量比为3:1:4;
S2.预处理:分别将Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO置于高温电炉中,在氮气环境下进行热处理,热处理方式为采用以4℃/min的速度升温至550℃,并保温2h,然后自然降至室温;
S3.研磨:将S2中预处理的Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO混合加入到研磨机,然后加入MoO3、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末和其它掺杂物,研磨2h,研磨速度为500r/min,得到研磨产物;
S4.烧结:将S3的研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,以6℃/min的速率升温至810℃煅烧,保温2h,以3℃/min的速率降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到烧结产物;
S5.造粒、成型:将S4烧结产物进行喷雾造粒,然后送至压制机内以压力为500MPa静压方式压制成型,得到片状坯料;
S6.退火:将S7的成型坯料在氮气环境下,1050℃温度煅烧,保温7h,然后在真空条件下进行退火,退火过程为:先升温至600℃,保温40min,然后先降温至300℃,保温40min,再降至室温,得到铁氧体磁性材料。
性能测试:
对实施例1-3和对比例1-7所制备的铁镍磁粉芯的性能进行检测,具体检测方法:依照标准SJ20966-2006,使用IWATSUB-H分析仪(SY-8219),结果如表1所示。
表1测试结果表
从表1的测试结果可以看出,本发明实施例1-3方法制备的铁氧体磁性材料具有高磁导率,较低的磁芯功率损耗。对比例1中未对原料进行预热处理,对磁导率有一定的影响;对比例2中只掺杂CaO对磁导率的改善效果不佳;对比例3中不添加MoO3对磁导率和磁损耗改性效果不佳,而对比例4中添加过量的MoO3更佳不利于磁性材料性能的改善,可见MoO3添加量过多或过少均不利于提高磁性材料的磁导率和磁损耗;对比例5中不添加聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,磁损耗明显更大;对比例6中添加过多的聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,虽然磁损耗小,但是不利于磁导率的提升;对比例7中只经一次研磨、烧结次数减少,得到的磁性材料性能也不如实施例1。
综上可知,本发明制备方法通过对原料进行热处理去除多余的杂质,提高磁导率,然后掺杂可提高磁导率的辅料进一步提高磁导率;通过掺入少量高电阻的树脂,并结合多次研磨、烧结,得到的铁氧体磁性材料具有较高的饱和磁通密度、高磁导率和低磁损耗。
最后需要强调的是,以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种变化和更改,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下具体步骤:
S1.备料:按质量百分比准备各原料成分:Fe2O3 53-55%、MnO 24-26%、ZnO 19-20%、聚酰亚胺树脂粉末0.05-1%,MoO3 0.2-0.6%,其它掺杂物0.1-0.3%;所述其它掺杂物为SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的混合粉末,所述混合粉末中SO3、γ-Bi2O3和CaO的质量比为3-9:1-3:2-4;
S2.预处理:分别将Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO置于高温电炉中,在氮气环境下进行热处理;
S3.一次研磨:将S2中预处理的Fe2O3、MnO、ZnO混合加入到研磨机,然后加入其它掺杂物,研磨2-4h,得到一次研磨产物;
S4.一次烧结:将S3的一次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,升温至700-810℃煅烧,保温2-4h,降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到一次烧结产物;
S5.二次研磨:将S4的一次烧结产物加入到研磨机,然后加入MoO3和聚酰亚胺树脂粉末,研磨1-3h,得到二次研磨产物;
S6.二次烧结:将S5的二次研磨产物放入到高温电炉,在氮气环境下,升温至600-750℃煅烧,保温2-4h,降温至500℃后,自然降至室温,得到二次烧结产物;
S7.造粒、成型:将S6二次烧结产物进行喷雾造粒,然后送至压制机内压制成型,得到成型坯料;
S8.三次烧结:将S7的成型坯料在氮气环境下,1050-1150℃温度煅烧,保温5-7h,然后在真空条件下进行退火,得到铁氧体磁性材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S1中,所述聚酰亚胺树脂粉末的粒径为50-80μm,所述γ-Bi2O3的纯度大于99.2%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S2中,所述热处理方式为:采用以4-6℃/min的速度升温至550-650℃,并保温1.5-2h,然后自然降至室温。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S4、S6中,所述升温速率为6-8℃/min,所述降温速率为3-5℃/min。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S3中,所述研磨速度为250-500r/min,研磨粒径至1-1.5μm;S5中,所述研磨速度为250-500r/min,研磨粒径至0.6-0.8μm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S7中,所述压制为静压方式压制,压制压力为500-700MPa。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S7中,所述成型坯料为片状。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,S8中,所述退火过程为:先升温至600-800℃,保温20-40min,然后先降温至300-400℃,保温20-40min,再降至室温。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种高磁导率铁氧体磁性材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述磁性材料中碳含量低于0.015%。
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