CN114027424A - Special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass juvenile fish and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass juvenile fish and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114027424A CN114027424A CN202111557707.9A CN202111557707A CN114027424A CN 114027424 A CN114027424 A CN 114027424A CN 202111557707 A CN202111557707 A CN 202111557707A CN 114027424 A CN114027424 A CN 114027424A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- feed
- fish
- protein
- bass
- striped bass
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young fishes, which comprises, by mass, 54% of protein, 16% of fat and a protein ratio of 3.375: 1. the invention also discloses a preparation method and application thereof. The special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young fishes contains 54% of protein and 16% of fat, the protein ratio is 3.375: 1, the young striped bass fed has the best growth performance under the condition of factory recirculating aquaculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish expanded feed, and particularly relates to expanded feed special for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass juvenile fish and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Striped saw bass, known as Central printing corporation, also known as black grouper, is taxonomically affiliated with Perciformes (Perciformes) > Perciformes (Porcoidei) > bass family (Serranidae) > bass genus (Centroprinting) > striped saw bass (Central printing corporation). Striped bass is a rare marine fish, mainly distributed in the united states and on the east coast of mexico, i.e. the coast of the atlantic ocean, and has a great number of excellent qualities such as fast growth, strong adaptability, high meat production rate, rich nutrition, etc. Researchers have analyzed the nutrient components and evaluated the nutrient value of the bass, and proved that the striped bass is a good breeding variety with high nutrient value and economic value and wide market prospect.
The striped bass belongs to the fishes with wide temperature, wide salt and warm temperature, the survival temperature is 5-31 ℃, and the optimal growth temperature is 17-25 ℃; the salinity for survival is 10-35, and the optimal salinity for growth is 23-33. The striped bass has low oxygen consumption rate and can endure low oxygen condition of 3.0mg/L, so that the striped bass can be bred densely. The striped bass is carnivorous fish, is more violent, is cultivated initially, is timid due to the change of the environment, cannot be ingested immediately, and needs to be acclimatized for a certain time. Under the condition of artificial cultivation, the growth speed of the artificial cultivation is many times faster than that of the artificial cultivation under the natural environment; the raised black stone specks can quickly adapt to the ingestion of dry granulated feed; the culture effect in the closed culture system or the open culture system is good.
In 2002, striped bass is introduced into Shandong province of China, and is domesticated and artificially bred successfully in 2006. Ever, more breeding is carried out in Fujian areas of China, and the quantity of other areas is small, but the market is slowly faded out due to general marketing. In recent years, the cultivation scale is expanded due to the excellent performance of the cultivation scale in the tattooing industry and the high favor of the consumers. With the rise of large-scale breeding of striped bass in Fujian, Guangdong, Shandong, Zhoushan and other areas of China, the need of providing high-quality compound feed capable of meeting the growth needs is urgent, and at present, the research on striped bass in China mainly focuses on resource investigation, ecology, physiology, artificial breeding, breeding technology and other aspects, and the research on the nutritional requirements is reported less, so that the invention carries out a series of researches on the protein level, fat level and protein-fat ratio in the compound feed so as to obtain the optimal feed protein-fat ratio required by the growth of the striped bass.
The protein and fat are important material bases required by the normal growth and development of the fish, wherein the protein is the most key nutrient substance for determining the growth of the fish and has a remarkable influence on the growth and development of the fish. In animal husbandry, high-concentrate high-protein feed is often selected for intensive fattening, because of the high protein nutrition level, the feed conversion rate is superior to that of low-protein feed, and the demand of aquatic animals on protein is far higher than that of livestock and poultry. When the protein content in the feed is insufficient, the nutritional requirements of normal growth and development of the feed cannot be met, the growth speed of fishes and the utilization efficiency of the feed are reduced, even the disease resistance of organisms of the fishes is reduced, and the adaptive tolerance and the anti-stress capability to adverse environments are also reduced; when the protein content in the feed is too high, not only can the aquaculture cost be increased, but also excessive ammonia nitrogen excrement can be generated by fish due to excessive protein intake, the pollution of aquaculture water can be aggravated to a certain extent, the occurrence of diseases is increased, and the waste of protein resources can be caused.
Non-protein energy sources have been shown to be useful in reducing protein consumption as energy and increasing protein utilization for growth, a process known as "protein conservation". However, the use of non-protein energy sources in aquaculture feed must be evaluated because the addition of too much non-protein energy source to aquaculture feed has several disadvantages: (1) reducing feed intake; (2) the fat content of the fish body is too high; (3) inhibit the utilization of other nutrients. The content and proportion of protein and fat in the feed are not only related to the economic benefit of fish culture, but also related to the ecological environment problem. Therefore, in designing an aquatic feed formulation, in addition to meeting its nutritional requirements, an optimal feed egg-to-fat ratio should be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass juvenile fish and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to solve the defects of the prior art.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young fish, which comprises, by mass, 54% of protein, 16% of fat and a protein ratio of 3.375: 1.
further, the special expanded feed for circulating water aquaculture comprises Peru fish meal, defatted antarctic krill meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten, soy milk, fish oil, soybean oil, premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine, wherein the premix consists of vitamin premix and mineral premix.
The invention provides a preparation method of special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass juvenile fish, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, respectively crushing Peru fish meal, defatted euphausia superba powder and soybean meal, and then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
step 2, weighing Peru fish meal, degreased antarctic krill powder, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten and soy milk powder according to the formula amount, fully and uniformly mixing in a double-shaft mixer, weighing premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing, adding into the double-shaft mixer, fully and uniformly mixing, slowly adding 45-50% of water by the total mass of Peru fish meal, degreased antarctic krill powder, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten powder, soy milk powder, premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine, further uniformly mixing to obtain wet materials, and standing at normal temperature for 24 hours to balance moisture of the wet materials;
3, granulating by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the aperture of a discharging die is 4.0mm, and quickly drying and shaping the feed by using a dryer and controlling the moisture content to be 7-9%;
step 4, spraying grease by using a vacuum spraying machine, wherein the grease is fish oil and soybean oil;
and 5, sieving and removing damaged particles to obtain the special expanded feed for the recirculating aquaculture of the striped bass juvenile.
The third aspect of the invention provides application of the special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture in feeding striped bass young fish.
Further, the initial weight of the bass is 42.2 + -0.33 g.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, through a compound feed feeding experiment for 70 days, the optimal protein demand of striped bass (the initial average weight is 42.2 +/-0.33 g) is 54%, and the optimal fat demand is 16% by taking feeding, growth, feed utilization, whole fish components and nutrient storage rate as comprehensive evaluation indexes and analyzing single-factor and two-factor variance.
The different feed egg ratios have a significant effect on the growth of striped bass young, and the striped bass young fed with D5(54/16) feed has the best growth performance under factory recirculating aquaculture conditions, resulting in an optimal egg ratio for the special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young of 3.375: 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to examples. The following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
1 Experimental materials and methods
1.1 Main raw materials and Experimental feed
The experiment adopts a 2-by-4 two-factor design mode, 8 experimental groups are arranged in total, and the experimental groups comprise 2 fat levels (12%, 16%) and 4 protein levels (54%, 50%, 46% and 42%), namely D1(54/12), D2(50/12), D3(46/12), D4(42/12), D5(54/16), D6(50/16), D7(46/16) and D8 (42/16). The formulation and chemical composition of the eight feeds are shown in table 1. In table 1, the premix is a multi-vitamin multi-mineral premix, which is composed of a vitamin premix and a mineral premix, and the formulas are as follows:
vitamin premix (mg kg)-1Feed): vitamin a, 1.95; vitamin B1, 20; vitamin B2, 10; vitamin B6, 30; nicotinamide, 250; vitamin C, 5; calcium pantothenate, 50; folic acid, 20; vitamin E, 1200; 0.8 parts of vitamin K; 0.05 parts of vitamin D; inositol, 650; defatted rice bran, 150.
Mineral premix (mg kg)-1Feed): CuSO4·5H2O,10;FeSO4·7H2O,300;ZnSO4·H2O,200;MnSO4·H2O,100;KI(10%),80;Na2SeO3(10%Se),67;CoCl2·6H2O (10% Co), 5; NaCl, 100; zeolite powder, 638.
The peru fish meal, the degreased antarctic krill meal and the bean pulp are respectively ground and sieved by a 100-mesh sieve. Weighing Peru fish meal, degreased antarctic krill powder, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten and soy milk powder according to the formula amount, fully and uniformly mixing in a double-shaft mixer, weighing premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing, adding into the double-shaft mixer, fully and uniformly mixing, and slowly adding 45-50% of water by the total mass of Peru fish meal, degreased antarctic krill powder, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten powder, soy milk powder, premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine, and further uniformly mixing to obtain a wet material. The mixture was left at room temperature for 24 hours to equilibrate the moisture of the wet mass. The feed was pelleted with a twin screw extruder (SYSLG30-IV, Sa Bai Nuo science Co., Ltd., Jinan) and the discharge die had a bore diameter of 4.0 mm. The feed is quickly dried and shaped by a dryer and the moisture is controlled between 7 percent and 9 percent. The grease (fish oil and soybean oil) was sprayed using a ZJB-40 vacuum sprayer. After sieving and removing the broken particles, 3 x 1000 complete feeds were randomly picked out from each feed and weighed to obtain the average particle weight of each feed.
1.2 determination of physical Properties of Experimental feeds
Physical property indexes of experimental feed include Length (L), Diameter (D), feed durability index (PDI), Expansion rate (E) and Hardness (Hardness of pellets, HP) of feed pellets.
50 complete feeds are randomly selected from each feed (not sprayed), and the length L and the particle size D of the feeds are measured and recorded by a digital vernier caliper.
The pellet durability index PDI is one of the most important indicators in pellet quality and is used to measure the relative resistance of the pellet to breakage during transport and handling of the finished pellet. In the experiment, an ST-136 type double-box feed pulverization tester (Shengtai instruments Co., Ltd., Jinan) is used for testing PDI of the self-made experimental feed. 500g of granular feed (marked as M) which is not sprayed with the grease is placed in a rotary box of a pulverizer, the rotating speed of the pulverizer is 50r/min, the pulverizer continuously operates for 10 minutes, a sample is taken out after the pulverizer stops working, the sample is manually sieved for about 2 minutes by using a standard sieve with 20 meshes and the aperture of 0.9mm, and the weight of oversize materials is weighed and marked as M. Repeating the steps once, and averaging the results of the two measurements to obtain the final pulverization rate of the feed.
PDI calculation formula:
in the formula:
m is the weight (g) of the sample sieved;
m-initial sample weight (g).
The calculation mode of the feed expansion rate E is as follows:
in the formula:
D1-particle size (mm) of the pellet feed;
D2-the diameter of the discharge die hole (mm).
The hardness of the feed in this test was measured by using an ST-120B type hardness measuring instrument (shentai instruments ltd., dennan). Randomly selecting 50 feed particles from each non-fat-sprayed feed, placing the feed particles in a hardness tester for measurement and reading, and recording to obtain an average value. The physical properties of all 8 home-made test feeds are detailed in table 2.
1.3 Fish for experiment and raising management
Young striped bass of the experiment is purchased at the Zhoushan City aquatic breeding research institute Zhujiajia base in 2019 and 5 months, temporarily cultured in a breeding laboratory of the European aquatic animal nutrition and feed resource research institute of oceanic university at Zhejiang by commercial feed until the experimental specification is reached, and then transferred to an indoor seawater circulation breeding system for formal experiments. Prior to the experiment, the young striped bass was starved for 24 hours and then anesthetized with MS-222 anesthetic. Selecting 600 striped bass young fishes which are healthy, strong and harmless and have basically the same body length and weight (the initial weight is about 42.2 +/-0.33 g), weighing and randomly placing the fishes into 24 cylindrical glass fiber jars with the volume of 500L, wherein 25 fishes are placed in each jar. Three parallel jars per feed. In the culture process, the illumination is carried out for 15 hours every day, the oxygen is supplied continuously through the air stone for 24 hours, the water change amount in each jar is 4-5L/min, the salinity of the water for culture is 24-26, the pH value is 7.0-7.5, the water temperature is 25-28 ℃, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5.5mg/L, the content of ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the content of nitrite is less than or equal to 0.25 mg/L.
After the growth experiment begins, feeding is carried out 3 times (8: 00, 14: 00 and 20: 00) every day, the feeding time is about 1 hour every time, and the apparent satiation of experimental fish in each jar is ensured until the fish is not fed any more. The daily feeding amount of each jar is increased by 10 percent on the basis of the average net food intake of the first three days of the jar, and the residual bait amount is calculated by multiplying the number of the generated residual baits after each feeding by the average weight of the corresponding feed particles in each jar. Feeding experiments were performed for a total of 70 days.
1.4 sample Collection and analysis
1.4.1 sample Collection
The initial whole fish sample was selected from 10 healthy and active striped bass young fishes that were substantially identical to the body weight of the test fish prior to initiation of the growth experiment, anesthetized to death using an excess of MS-222 and weighed and stored in a freezer at-20 ℃. Feeding is stopped one day before final sampling, and each experimental fish in each cylinder is firstly anesthetized by MS-222(1.0mg/L) anesthetic during sampling, then drained, and the total weight is weighed after excessive water on the surface of the fish body is wiped off. Then 10 individuals with uniform size are selected from the raw materials, and the body length and the body weight of the individuals are measured and then placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of 20 ℃ below zero to be used as a whole fish sample.
1.4.2 sample analysis
The whole fish samples were initially and finally stirred into surimi using an SXC-12 meat grinder (Hengyue food machinery Co., Ltd., Shanghai), and the samples were sampled to measure the moisture content of the fresh whole fish samples after each sample was mixed uniformly. Using DGL-758 type vertical steam sterilizer (crown medical appliances Co., Ltd., Jiangsu) to steam each whole fish minced fillet sample at 120 deg.C for 30 min, homogenizing in a tissue homogenizer, and oven drying the homogenate at 80 deg.C until the water content is less than or equal to 9%. And (3) after drying, crushing by using a grinder, sieving by using a 30-mesh standard sieve to obtain dry powder of the whole fish, and filling the dry powder into a sample bottle to be detected.
The moisture is measured by a constant-weight drying method at 105 ℃, and is dried for 36-48 hours by using a DHG-9140A type oven (Fine macro experimental equipment, Inc., Shanghai); measuring ash content, burning at 550 ℃ for 30 hours by using an SX2-4-10A type muffle furnace (Shangyu scientific instrument factory, Shaoxing); the crude protein was measured by kjeldahl method using an Opsis KD3 model full-automatic kjeldahl apparatus (Opsis corporation, switzerland); crude fat was determined by Soxhlet extraction using an Opsis SX-360 Soxhlet extractor OPSIS Inc., Switzerland). The total sample energy was determined by the oxygen bomb method using a fully automatic oxygen bomb calorimeter of the Parr-1271 type (Parr corporation, usa).
1.5 data calculation and statistical analysis
The calculation formula of Feed Intake (FI), fish body Weight Gain (WG), Weight Gain Rate (WGR), Feed ratio (FCR), Protein Retention Efficiency (PRE), Energy Retention Efficiency (ERE) is as follows:
FI (g dry matter/tail) is total food intake/fraction
WG (g/tail) final weight-initial weight
WGR (%) gain/initial mean weight x 100%
FCR ═ food intake/weight gain
PRE (%) ═ final average weight of crude protein content in whole fish-initial average weight of crude protein content in whole fish)/(dry feed basis crude protein content in whole fish feed x 100%
ERE (%) - (terminal weight · terminal whole fish energy value-initial weight · initial whole fish energy value)/(feed dry basis energy value) × 100%
Statistical analysis is carried out on the data of the feed groups with four different protein contents under the same fat level by using an One-way ANOVA method, and if significant difference exists (P is less than 0.05), regression analysis is further carried out to carry out linear or quadratic curve estimation. Two factors at different fat levels and different protein levels were statistically analyzed using Two-way ANOVA. This is done using SPSS 20.0 software.
2 results and analysis of the experiments
2.1 Effect of different feed egg fats on feeding, growth and feed utilization of striped bass young Fish
The feed protein ratios for different feeds had a significant effect on the feed intake, weight gain, rate of gain and feed factor for striped bass young (P <0.05), with the results detailed in Table 3. The striped bass young fish fed with feed D1(54/12) and feed D5(54/16) had the highest and similar food intake, weight gain and weight gain rates, with the highest food intake up to 73.1 g/tail, weight gain up to 50.2 g/tail, weight gain up to 119%, significantly higher than the other 3 feeds at the same fat level (P <0.05), and significantly lower feed factors than the other groups at the same fat level (P < 0.05). Two-way anova with both fat and protein levels for feeding, growth and feed utilization of striped bass young (Table 4) found that different fat levels had equally significant effects on feeding, growth and feed utilization in the experimental fish (P <0.05), but that the interaction of protein and fat had no significant effect on various growth indicators of striped bass young (P > 0.05). Food intake, weight gain, and weight gain rate decrease with decreasing protein content and vice versa with varying fat content. The feed factor increases with decreasing protein or fat content. In conclusion, based on the results of the experiment, the feed D5(54/16) showed better performance in feeding, growth and feed utilization of the experimental juvenile fish.
2.2 Effect of different feed egg fats on the Components of the bass juvenile of striped bass
As shown in table 5, the ratio of different feed egg lipids had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the whole fish crude protein of experimental fish fed with 16% fat level feed alone, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) between treatment groups for dry matter, crude fat, ash, energy, and 12% fat level whole fish crude protein, etc. Based on regression analysis, the crude protein content of fish at 16% fat level is linear with the protein content of the feed (table 5, crude protein 0.922X +135, R2 0.83, where X represents the protein content of the feed). According to Table 6, the change in fat content has a significant effect on the dry matter, crude fat, and overall fat of the bass juvenile striped bass (P < 0.05). The change of the protein content in the feed only has a remarkable effect on the crude protein of the whole experimental fish (P < 0.05). As can be seen from tables 7 and 8, the different feed proteins showed no significant difference in both the protein and energy storage rates for the entire length of striped bass (P > 0.05).
2.3 appropriate amounts of protein and fat in the feed for young striped bass and optimum protein to fat ratio
According to table 3, the treatment groups of different protein contents were compared to each other, i.e. between D1(54/12), D2(50/12), D3(46/12), D4(42/12) or D5(54/16), D6(50/16), D7(46/16), D8(42/16), at the same fat level. Indicating that the high protein (54%) feed treated group had significantly higher feeding, growth and feed utilization than the other treated groups (P <0.05), and was more suitable for growth of striped bass young. Therefore, the initial determination of 54% of the protein content in the feed is the optimal protein content for growth of striped bass young fish. A comparison between the treatment groups with different fat content feeds at the same protein level showed that the high fat group (16%) was more fed, grown and feed utilized than the low fat group (12%), thus making an initial determination that 16% of the fat content in the feed was the fat content required for optimal growth of the bass juvenile striped bass. Combining tables 5 and 6, the change of the protein content in the feed only has obvious influence on the crude protein of the whole fish (P is less than 0.05), the crude protein content of the whole fish of the experimental fish is increased along with the increase of the protein content in the feed, and no obvious difference exists after the protein content in the feed reaches 50%. The change in fat content in the feed had a significant effect on the dry matter, crude fat content and total energy of the fish (P <0.05), and the dry matter, crude fat content and total energy of the whole fish of the experimental fish increased with increasing fat content in the feed. From tables 7 and 8, it can be seen that the change in protein or fat content in the feed had no significant effect on both the whole fish protein and energy storage rates (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the optimal protein content of the special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young fishes is about 54%, the fat content is about 16%, and the protein-fat ratio is 3.375: 1.
3 conclusion
1. With feeding, growth, feed utilization, whole fish components and nutrient storage rate as comprehensive evaluation indexes, the optimal protein demand of the striped bass juvenile (the initial average weight is about 42.2 +/-0.33 g) is 54%, and the optimal fat demand is 16% through single-factor and two-factor variance analysis.
2. The different feed egg ratios have a significant effect on the growth of striped bass young (P <0.05), the striped bass young fed with D5(54/16) has the best growth performance under the condition of factory recirculating aquaculture, and the optimal egg-fat ratio of the special puffed feed for the recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young is 54% in view of the following: 16%, i.e., 3.375: 1.
TABLE 1 Experimental feed formula for bass young bass and chemical composition analysis (dry matter basis)
Table 2 physical properties of 8 kinds of puffed feeds for bass young bass
TABLE 3 Effect of different feed egg fats on feeding, growth and feed utilization of striped bass young (based on one-way ANOVA)
Different superscript lettersa,bAndcindicates that the treatment groups have significant difference (P)<0.05)。
1And integrating the standard error of the mean.
TABLE 4 Effect of different feed egg fats on feeding, growth and feed utilization of striped bass young (based on two-factor ANOVA)
Different superscript lettersa,bAndcindicates that the treatment groups have significant difference (P)<0.05)。
1And integrating the standard error of the mean.
TABLE 5 Effect of different feed egg fats on the composition of the whole bass juvenile striped bass (based on one-way analysis of variance)
Different superscript lettersa,bAndcindicates that the treatment groups have significant difference (P)<0.05)。
1And integrating the standard error of the mean.
TABLE 6 Effect of different feed egg fats on the composition of the whole bass juvenile of striped bass (based on two-factor ANOVA)
Different superscript lettersa,bAndcindicates that the treatment groups have significant difference (P)<0.05)。
1And integrating the standard error of the mean.
TABLE 7 Effect of different feed protein ratios on the storage rate of bass juvenile protein and energy storage rate (based on one-way analysis of variance)
1And integrating the standard error of the mean.
TABLE 8 Effect of different feed protein ratios on the storage rate of bass juvenile protein and energy storage rate (based on two-factor analysis of variance)
Different superscript lettersaAndbindicates that the treatment groups have significant difference (P)<0.05)。
1And integrating the standard error of the mean.
Claims (5)
1. The special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young fishes is characterized by comprising, by mass, 54% of protein, 16% of fat and 3.375% of protein: 1.
2. the expanded feed special for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass juvenile fish according to claim 1, wherein the expanded feed special for recirculating aquaculture comprises peruvian fish meal, defatted antarctic krill meal, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten, soy milk essence, fish oil, soybean oil, premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine, wherein the premix is composed of vitamin premix and mineral premix.
3. The method of preparing the special expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of striped bass young as recited in claim 2, comprising the steps of:
step 1, respectively crushing Peru fish meal, defatted euphausia superba powder and soybean meal, and then sieving by a 100-mesh sieve;
step 2, weighing Peru fish meal, degreased antarctic krill powder, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten and soy milk powder according to the formula amount, fully and uniformly mixing in a double-shaft mixer, weighing premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine according to the formula amount, uniformly mixing, adding into the double-shaft mixer, fully and uniformly mixing, slowly adding 45-50% of water by the total mass of Peru fish meal, degreased antarctic krill powder, soybean meal, wheat starch, wheat gluten powder, soy milk powder, premix, choline chloride, L-lysine and DL-methionine, further uniformly mixing to obtain wet materials, and standing at normal temperature for 24 hours to balance moisture of the wet materials;
3, granulating by using a double-screw extruder, wherein the aperture of a discharging die is 4.0mm, and quickly drying and shaping the feed by using a dryer and controlling the moisture content to be 7-9%;
step 4, spraying grease by using a vacuum spraying machine, wherein the grease is fish oil and soybean oil;
and 5, sieving and removing damaged particles to obtain the special expanded feed for the recirculating aquaculture of the striped bass juvenile.
4. The use of the expanded feed for recirculating aquaculture of any one of claims 1-2 for feeding striped bass young fish.
5. The use as claimed in claim 4, wherein the bass is initially 42.2 ± 0.33 g.
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MD SHAH ALAM ET AL.: "Effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth performance and body composition of black sea bass Centropristis striata (Linnaeus 1758) during grow-out in a pilot-scale marine recirculating system", AQUACULTURE RESEARCH, vol. 40, no. 04, pages 442 - 449 * |
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鲁琼: "黄姑鱼有鱼配合饲料蛋白质、脂肪需求量及蛋脂比的研究", 《中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库农业科技辑》, no. 03, pages 10 - 12 * |
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