CN114016284A - 驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法 - Google Patents
驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法。首先对粉体型抗菌剂进行高压电极化,然后以粉体型抗菌剂气流吹扫的方式,将其通过驻极熔喷无纺布进行过滤吸附,使得粉体纳米抗菌剂以静电吸附效应附着在驻极熔喷无纺布纤维的表面,制备得到具有优良的抗菌杀病毒性能的驻极熔喷布。本发明整个改性过程中,无需任何条件苛刻的技术条件,不改变和降低熔喷无纺布的静电吸附效应,且无任何粘着剂覆盖,可以最大化的发挥出粉体纳米抗菌剂的抗菌杀病毒性能,并最大程度的保留驻极熔喷无纺布的静电效应和过滤通透性,具有重要的市场经济价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及驻极过滤材料改性技术领域,尤其涉及一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法。
背景技术
纤维材料及其无纺布医疗防护产品,如:口罩、防护服、隔离服、帽、鞋套等,在保护医护人员和普通群众的生命安全中起到了重要作用。现有无纺布基医疗防护产品经使用后,其外表面将极易粘附大量有害微生物,不仅对佩戴的医护人员和普通群众造成安全威胁,而且其废弃物的不良处理将充当疫情二次传播的污染源和途径,严重威胁重大传染病疫情的快速阻断。为应对当下的新冠病毒全球大流行和未来可能会再次出现的病毒大流行,需要对无纺布基医疗防护产品进行抗菌和杀病毒后处理,开发出高防护性能的无纺布基医疗防护产品。
抗菌剂是指能够有效抑制细菌、真菌、病毒等微生物生长繁殖或可杀灭病菌和病毒的物质,抗菌纺织品通常是在纺织品中加入抗菌剂来实现。根据抗菌剂的组成结构、作用机理及来源,一般分为无机抗菌剂、有机抗菌剂和天然抗菌剂三大类:无机抗菌剂包括金属和光催化无机等类型,以Ag、Zn、 Cu等金属单质或氧化物,以及可被光子激活的半导体无机氧化物(TiO2和 ZnO)为主;有机抗菌剂包括季铵盐、胍、卤代酚、卤胺等类型;天然抗菌剂包括壳聚糖、植物源和天然矿石等类型。这些抗菌剂可以通过共混、表面接枝、涂层、化学键合等多种改性方法使无纺布具有良好的抗菌杀病毒功能。然而,无纺布基医疗防护产品直接接触人体,不适当的抗菌剂和无纺布改性方法将对人体造成伤害。
目前,无纺布基抗菌杀病毒医疗防护产品的典型技术现状如下:
(2)表面后整理:Borkow等人将CuO整理到N95口罩中的聚丙烯纺粘无纺布上,结果发现,经氧化铜整理后的滤层可有效杀灭表面附着的甲型流感病毒(H1N1)和禽流感病毒(H9N2),并且不影响N95口罩自身的过滤效果。这种抗病毒口罩可大大减低因处理及弃置口罩不当而引致的手部和环境污染,从而减低感染的几率。然而,铜离子对细菌的抗菌效果一般低于银离子,在使用时通常需要加大用量;
(3)共价键结合:道康宁公司的季铵盐型AEM-5700抗菌剂,其硅氧基可与纤维上的羟基形成共价键,从而持久牢固地附着于纺织品表面,目前已广泛应用于棉、聚酯、尼龙等多种纺织品的抗菌整理,并已进入商业化应用;
(4)日本大和纺织公司利用天然白云矿石加工而成的无纺布具有优良的抗病毒功效,测试结果表明,与抗病毒无纺布接触的禽流感病毒在1分钟后仍具备感染活性的病毒减少了99.99%,暴露在空气中30天后,这种抗病毒无纺布仍然能保持高的杀毒功效。
上述抗菌杀病毒的改性方法可以对多种原材料(棉、涤纶、尼龙、丙纶、以及混纺)和多种加工类型(纺粘、熔喷、水刺、针刺和气流成网)的无纺布进行有效改性。然而,医用防护口罩主要通过中间层的驻极熔喷无纺布实现对细菌和病毒的高效拦截。相比非驻极熔喷无纺布,驻极熔喷无纺布的静电效应是过滤细菌乃至病毒的重要原理和方式。在医用防护口罩的使用过程中,绝大多数的细菌、病毒、以及其他有害颗粒物被驻极熔喷无纺布拦截,并通过静电效应吸附在纤维表面。由此,驻极熔喷布的静电效益是开发医用防护口罩的重要指标。
然而,上述抗菌杀病毒的改性技术方案会对驻极熔喷布的静电效应造成严重的弱化影响:共混填充抗菌剂技术会扰乱驻极纤维的静电效应强度和分布;由于聚乙烯或聚丙烯驻极熔喷无纺布表面化学惰性极高,需要经过复杂的表面涂层和共价键结合技术才能改善界面牢度,然而改性过程中苛刻的环境和条件会严重降低静电效应和耐久性,同时会恶化驻极熔喷无纺布的透气性能和手感。因此,需要创新驻极熔喷无纺布的改性技术,在不影响静电效应的基础上实现抗菌杀病毒功能。
有鉴于此,有必要设计一种改进的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,以解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法。粉体纳米抗菌剂以静电吸附效应附着在驻极熔喷无纺布纤维的表面,无任何粘着剂覆盖,可以最大化的发挥出粉体纳米抗菌剂的抗菌杀病毒性能,并最大程度的保留驻极熔喷无纺布的静电效应,制备得到具有优良的抗菌杀病毒性能的驻极熔喷布。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.对粉体型抗菌剂进行电极化,得到电极化后的粉体型抗菌剂气流;
S2.将步骤S1得到的所述电极化后的粉体型抗菌剂气流以预设速率通过驻极熔喷无纺布进行过滤吸附,得到抗菌抗病毒驻极熔喷无纺布。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述粉体型抗菌剂的吸附质量比为0.48-4.45%。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在步骤S1中,所述电极化的方法包括:将所述粉体型抗菌剂采用高压喷射气流进行分散,形成气固比为1:1-4:1的粉体型抗菌剂气流;然后将所述粉体型抗菌剂气流从两块平行的电极板中间经过进行电极化,其中一块电极板接地,另外一块电极板接电压为200-3000v的正极或负极。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述电极化的温度为5-35℃,时间为2-5s。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述粉体型抗菌剂为CuO粉体、ZnO粉体、 Ag/Cu合金粉体、含有季铵盐的多糖粉体、雄黄石粉体、电气石粉体或白云石粉体中的一种或多种,所述粉体型抗菌剂的平均粒径为20-300nm。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述驻极熔喷无纺布为聚乙烯驻极熔喷布、聚丙烯驻极无纺布或聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混驻极无纺布中的一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述驻极熔喷无纺布的静电电压为2000-4000V 的正电压或负电压,驻极熔喷无纺布的平方米克重为10-80g/m2。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述改性方法还包括:将经步骤S2处理的无纺布进行热轧处理,以提高所述粉体型抗菌剂的负载牢度。
作为本发明的进一步改进,在进行热轧处理前,对经步骤S2处理的无纺布进行惰性气体吹扫,以去除静电吸附力弱的粉体型抗菌剂。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述热轧处理的温度为140-155℃,压力为 3-5Mpa,时间为0.3-1s。
本发明的有益效果是:
1.本发明提供的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,利用熔喷无纺布驻极电荷特性,选用静电吸附的方法对其进行粉体型抗菌剂的负载改性。在静电吸附之前,先对粉体型抗菌剂进行气流分散、离心筛选和电极化,以使抗菌剂携带静电荷,从而提高在驻极熔喷无纺布表面的吸附效率和吸附牢度。本发明是在对无纺布进行驻极处理后再进行抗菌剂的改性,相比现有技术的共混纺丝,一方面不会影响纺丝性能,另一方面不会影响纺丝后熔喷无纺布的驻极效果;相比后整理技术或者共价键改性,不会因为苛刻的后整理环境和条件降低静电效应和耐久性,也不会恶化驻极熔喷无纺布的透气性能和手感。因此,具有重要的市场经济价值和应用前景。
2.通过本发明的改性方法,不仅能对无机抗菌剂粉体进行高效吸附负载,还能对有机抗菌剂进行造粒,然后气流分散和极化,从而实现有机抗菌剂的高效负载,克服了现有技术中对有机抗菌剂多采用共价键接枝改性或者溶液涂覆改性方式的技术偏见,为有机抗菌剂在驻极熔喷无纺布表面的负载提供了一种新的途径。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细描述。
在此,还需要说明的是,为了避免因不必要的细节而模糊了本发明,在具体实施例中仅仅示出了与本发明的方案密切相关的结构和/或处理步骤,而省略了与本发明关系不大的其他细节。
另外,还需要说明的是,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
本发明提供的一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.对粉体型抗菌剂进行电极化,得到电极化后的粉体型抗菌剂气流;
电极化的方法包括:将粉体型抗菌剂采用高压喷射气流(高压喷射气流为含水量为1-2%的空气,初始压强为0.3-1Mpa)进行分散(分散温度为5-35℃),分散后的粉体型抗菌剂经离心(离心的转速为8000-15000转/分钟,离心温度为 5-35℃)筛选后形成气固比为1:1-4:1()的粉体型抗菌剂气流;然后将粉体型抗菌剂气流从两块平行的电极板(优选为包覆有无机氧化铝陶瓷材料的铜板)中间经过进行电极化,其中一块电极板接地,另外一块电极板接电压为200-3000v的正极或负极。电极化的温度为5-35℃,时间为2-5s。
如此操作,通过离心筛选能够提高粒径分布均匀性,通过气流和电极化作用,能得到带有电荷的粉体型抗菌剂,粉体之间的静电斥力也有助于提高分散性,为后续均匀负载提供有利条件。
S2.将步骤S1得到的电极化后的粉体型抗菌剂气流以预设速率通过驻极熔喷无纺布进行过滤吸附,得到抗菌抗病毒驻极熔喷无纺布。经过此步骤处理的吸附质量比约为0.5-5%。
通过采用上述技术方案,本发明利用熔喷无纺布驻极电荷特性,选用静电吸附的方法对其进行粉体型抗菌剂的负载改性。在静电吸附之前,先对粉体型抗菌剂进行气流分散、离心筛选和电极化,以使抗菌剂携带静电荷,从而提高在驻极熔喷无纺布表面的吸附效率和吸附牢度。本发明是在对无纺布进行驻极处理后再进行抗菌剂的改性,相比现有技术的共混纺丝,一方面不会影响纺丝性能,另一方面不会影响纺丝后无纺布的驻极效果;相比后整理技术或者共价键改性,不会因为苛刻的后整理环境和条件降低静电效应和耐久性,也不会恶化驻极熔喷无纺布的透气性能和手感。
粉体型抗菌剂为无机抗菌剂或有机抗菌剂,例如:CuO粉体、ZnO粉体、 Ag/Cu合金粉体、雄黄石粉体、电气石粉体、白云石粉体、含有季铵盐的多糖粉体中的一种或多种,粉体型抗菌剂的平均粒径为20-300nm。其中,含有季铵盐的多糖粉体可以为壳聚糖季铵盐,对季铵化的壳聚糖进行造粒(例如喷雾造粒等),得到粉体型的壳聚糖季铵盐。当采用含有季铵盐的多糖粉体进行改性时,整个操作在干燥的环境中进行,以减少多糖粉体的吸湿作用,影响极化和降低驻极效果。
驻极熔喷无纺布为聚乙烯驻极熔喷布、聚丙烯驻极无纺布或聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混驻极无纺布中的一种。驻极熔喷无纺布的静电电压为2000-4000V的正电压或负电压,驻极熔喷无纺布的平方米克重为10-80g/m2。
改性方法还包括:将经步骤S2处理的无纺布经温度为140-155℃的二热轧辊(二热轧辊为上下两个表面光滑的钢热轧辊)进行热轧,热轧压力3-5 Mpa,热轧0.3-1s后得到抗菌杀病毒驻极熔喷无纺布,以提高粉体型抗菌剂的负载牢度。为了
在进行热轧处理前,对经步骤S2处理的无纺布进行惰性气体吹扫,以去除静电吸附力弱的粉体型抗菌剂。具体为:采用99.99%的氮气以50-90升/分钟的速率垂直通过步骤S2得到的过滤后驻极熔喷无纺布进行吹扫,去除静电吸附力弱的粉体型抗菌剂,吹扫60-80s后得到净化后驻极熔喷无纺布,净化后驻极熔喷无纺布通过静电效应吸附质量比约为0.48-4.45%的粉体型抗菌剂,其中吹扫温度为38-45℃。
实施例1-3
一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,方法按以下步骤进行:
a)粉体型抗菌剂气流的制备
将粉体型抗菌剂采用高压喷射气流进行分散,高压喷射气流的初始压强为0.5Mpa,分散后的粉体型抗菌剂经离心筛选后形成气固比为1:1-4:1的粉体型抗菌剂气流,其中,分散温度为25℃,离心的转速为10000转/分钟,离心温度为 25℃;
b)粉体型抗菌剂气流的电极化
将经步骤a得到的粉体型抗菌剂气流从两块平行的电极板中间经过进行电极化,其中一块电极板接地,另外一块电极板接电压为2000v的正极或负极,电极化2-5s后得到电极化后粉体型抗菌剂气流,其中,电极化温度为25℃;
c)驻极熔喷无纺布对粉体型抗菌剂气流的过滤
将经步骤b得到的电极化后粉体型抗菌剂气流以10-30升/分钟的速率垂直通过聚丙烯驻极熔喷无纺布进行过滤,过滤20s后得到过滤后驻极熔喷无纺布,过滤后驻极熔喷无纺布通过静电效应吸附质量比为4.5%的粉体型抗菌剂,其中,过滤温度为25℃;
d)过滤后驻极熔喷无纺布的净化
采用99.99%的氮气以50-90升/分钟的速率垂直通过经步骤c得到的过滤后驻极熔喷无纺布进行吹扫,去除静电吸附力弱的粉体型抗菌剂,吹扫60-80s后得到净化后驻极熔喷无纺布,净化后驻极熔喷无纺布通过静电效应吸附质量比为4.15%的粉体型抗菌剂,其中吹扫温度为40℃;
e)净化后驻极熔喷无纺布的表面快速热轧
将经步骤d得到的净化后驻极熔喷无纺布经温度为150℃的二热轧辊进行热轧,热轧压力3-5Mpa,热轧0.5s后得到抗菌杀病毒驻极熔喷无纺布。
测试粉体型抗菌剂对驻极熔喷无纺布改性前后的过滤性能,结果如表1所示。
实施例1-3的抗菌剂种类和过滤性能测试结果
从表1可以看出,本发明将无机抗菌剂粉体或者壳聚糖季铵盐等制成有机粉体,然后采用本发明所述的方法对驻极熔喷无纺布进行改性后,过滤效率基本不变,过滤阻力略有升高,说明本发明的抗菌抗病毒改性方法不会影响纺丝后熔喷无纺布的驻极效果,也不会恶化驻极熔喷无纺布的透气性能和手感。为驻极熔喷无纺布的改性提供了一种新的途径,尤其是为有机抗菌剂的改性提供了一种新思路,应用价值显著。
综上所述,本发明提供的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,通过静电吸附效应将粉体型抗菌剂附着在驻极熔喷无纺布纤维的表面,整个改性过程中,无需任何条件苛刻的技术条件,不改变和降低熔喷无纺布的静电吸附效应,且无任何粘着剂覆盖,可以最大化的发挥出粉体纳米抗菌剂的抗菌杀病毒性能,并最大程度的保留驻极熔喷无纺布的静电效应和过滤通透性,具有重要的研究意义,特别是为有机抗菌剂在驻极熔喷无纺布表面的负载提供了一种新的有效途径。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.对粉体型抗菌剂进行电极化,得到电极化后的粉体型抗菌剂气流;
S2.将步骤S1得到的所述电极化后的粉体型抗菌剂气流以预设速率通过驻极熔喷无纺布进行过滤吸附,得到抗菌抗病毒驻极熔喷无纺布。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述粉体型抗菌剂的吸附质量比为0.48-4.45%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,在步骤S1中,所述电极化的方法包括:将所述粉体型抗菌剂采用高压喷射气流进行分散,形成气固比为1:1-4:1的粉体型抗菌剂气流;然后将所述粉体型抗菌剂气流从两块平行的电极板中间经过进行电极化,其中一块电极板接地,另外一块电极板接电压为200-3000v的正极或负极。
4.根据权利要求3所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述电极化的温度为5-35℃,时间为2-5s。
5.根据权利要求1所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述粉体型抗菌剂为CuO粉体、ZnO粉体、Ag/Cu合金粉体、含有季铵盐的多糖粉体、雄黄石粉体、电气石粉体或白云石粉体中的一种或多种,所述粉体型抗菌剂的平均粒径为20-300nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述驻极熔喷无纺布为聚乙烯驻极熔喷布、聚丙烯驻极无纺布或聚乙烯/聚丙烯共混驻极无纺布中的一种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述驻极熔喷无纺布的静电电压为2000-4000V的正电压或负电压,驻极熔喷无纺布的平方米克重为10-80g/m2。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述改性方法还包括:将经步骤S2处理的无纺布进行热轧处理,以提高所述粉体型抗菌剂的负载牢度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,在进行热轧处理前,对经步骤S2处理的无纺布进行惰性气体吹扫,以去除静电吸附力弱的粉体型抗菌剂。
10.根据权利要求8所述的驻极熔喷无纺布的抗菌抗病毒改性方法,其特征在于,所述热轧处理的温度为140-155℃,压力为3-5Mpa,时间为0.3-1s。
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