CN114015492A - 一种纳米复合润滑剂及制备和使用方法 - Google Patents
一种纳米复合润滑剂及制备和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114015492A CN114015492A CN202111069381.5A CN202111069381A CN114015492A CN 114015492 A CN114015492 A CN 114015492A CN 202111069381 A CN202111069381 A CN 202111069381A CN 114015492 A CN114015492 A CN 114015492A
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- lubricant
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- inorganic salt
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000002114 nanocomposite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910017053 inorganic salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrosoferric oxide Chemical compound O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004111 Potassium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052913 potassium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003856 quaternary ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 19
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 7
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 MOMKYJPSVWEWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019983 sodium metaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000278 bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxomagnesium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.[Mg]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O FPAFDBFIGPHWGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000956 nontoxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/102—Silicates
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
- C10M2201/105—Silica
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/64—Environmental friendly compositions
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/20—Metal working
- C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂及制备使用方法，针对现有高温轧制中所需润滑，抗氧化和改善钢坯表面质量，提供一种水基多功能高温润滑剂；无机盐和纳米粒子为高温润滑剂的核心成分；还包括表面活性剂、添加剂和水。添加剂主要作用为促进分散，抗氧化，粘度调节，增加润湿和极压抗磨等。无机盐成熔融的膜层从而阻止氧气和炽热的毛坯内壁发生氧化反应，所以耐高温润滑剂在无缝钢管热轧制过程中还具有抗氧化作用，纳米粒子可降低氧化以及细化钢坯表面晶粒。本发明中的润滑剂都是环境友好型物质，对环境不造成任何污染，是绿色环保型润滑剂。这种复合润滑剂可以提高轧辊的寿命，产品的质量和生产效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高温润滑剂的领域，涉及一种纳米复合润滑剂及制备和使用方法，具体涉及一种用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂及制备使用方法。
背景技术
在硅钢高温热扎过程中，恶劣的工况条件，包括高压(0.5GPa)、高温(600-1000℃)等将造成轧辊由于摩擦、磨损、氧化和热疲劳造成的机械失效。同时硅钢表面的红铁皮严重影响轧制件的质量，在连轧机组生产硅钢时，轧辊的润滑必不可少，这对于轧辊的寿命，产品的质量，生产效率和环保都产生重要影响。目前国内使用的依然是以石墨粉为主要润滑相在添加其他有机和无机化合物的润滑剂，如中国专利CN200780037639.5。然而石墨润滑剂又被称为黑润滑剂，它存在下列问题：(1)石墨微粉有优良的导电性能，在使用润滑剂的过程中石墨微粉的污染会给电气设备、仪器仪表造成安全隐患；(2)给生产环境带来黑色污染；(3)钢件表面残存的石墨影响钢件表面的性能。
中国专利公开号为CN1243150A、CN1845982、CN109456815A公开的这些润滑剂技术虽然不用石墨微粉作为润滑基料而改用天然或人造云母、蛭石、滑石粉、膨润土、硅石灰等微粉作为润滑基料，但这仅仅是将白色污染替代了黑色污染。这些微粉虽然具有润滑作用，但较大的固体粉末润滑剂为微米尺度，极易在钢件表面形成沉积造成污染，且固体残留物粘着对轧辊寿命产生影响。中国专利CN200910053842.2、CN200780024032.3提出了水溶性的磷酸盐润滑剂，虽无固体粘着，但润滑剂并不能改轧制钢坯表面质量。
以上润滑剂的添加虽能提供润滑，但或多或少对钢件表面质量产生影响。
发明内容
要解决的技术问题
为了避免现有技术的不足之处，本发明提出一种纳米复合润滑剂及制备和使用方法，，用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂及制备使用方法。主要适用于钢在高温状态下的轧制、锻造、挤压等成型工艺，尤其适用于热轧板钢时的轧辊润滑，在使用过程中不仅不会造成污染，还能改善钢坯的质量。
技术方案
一种用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于组份质量百分比为：5-80％的无机盐、0.5-30％的纳米粒子、0.01-5％的表面活性剂、0.1-30％的添加剂和和余量为水。
所述无机盐包括磷酸钠、磷酸钾、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、多聚磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钠铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钠、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、偏硅酸钠或正硅酸钠中的一种或几种。
所述纳米粒子为TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、Al2O3、CuO、ZnO、MgO、Al2O3、CuO、Fe3O4，SiTiO4中的一种或几种。
所述纳米粒子的粒径为5-100纳米。
所述表面活性剂包括但不限于硬脂酸、十二烷基磺酸钠、季铵化物、卵磷脂、月桂醇硫酸钠SDS、十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS聚乙烯压胺PEI中的一种或几种。
所述添加剂包括但不限于甘油或ZDDP。
一种制备所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂的方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
步骤1：将无机盐溶于水中搅拌5-30min形成溶液；
步骤2：将纳米粒子、表面活性剂和水混合并通过超声形成分散液；
步骤3：将溶液、分散液和添加剂按比混合搅拌即得到高温纳米复合润滑剂。
一种所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂的使用方法，其特征在于：先制备无机盐水溶液和纳米粒子分散液，使用前将两种溶液混合制成润滑液。
使用前将润滑液超声分散或搅拌减少纳米粒子的聚沉。
在900℃～1250℃温度下使用润滑剂。
有益效果
本发明提出的一种用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂及制备使用方法，针对现有高温轧制中所需润滑，抗氧化和改善钢坯表面质量，提供一种水基多功能高温润滑剂；无机盐和纳米粒子为高温润滑剂的核心成分；还包括表面活性剂、添加剂和水。添加剂主要作用为促进分散，抗氧化，粘度调节，增加润湿和极压抗磨等。无机盐成熔融的膜层从而阻止氧气和炽热的毛坯内壁发生氧化反应，所以耐高温润滑剂在无缝钢管热轧制过程中还具有抗氧化作用，纳米粒子可降低氧化以及细化钢坯表面晶粒。
①本发明首先制备了一种无机盐/纳米粒子复合润滑剂。
②本发明中无机盐不仅能提高纳米粒子的分散性，还具有润滑和抗氧化的作用；无机盐作为一种表面活性剂可以减少纳米粒子的团聚而提高纳米粒子的分散性。无机盐在高温下可以形成玻璃熔体，易于剪切，进而可以提供润滑；润滑过程中表明形成的玻璃熔体以及纳米粒子可以阻碍氧对于基体的侵蚀，进而降低轧辊和热轧件的氧化。
③本发明制备的润滑剂相比于单独的硅酸盐等无机盐玻璃润滑剂，由于添加有纳米粒子润滑相，可以进一步降低摩擦，减小轧辊磨损；同时可以提高轧制件表面质量。这是因为纳米粒子的轴承效应，以及在摩擦界面形成复合润滑膜，纳米粒子和高温熔体玻璃的协同效应可以进一步降低摩擦，减少磨损，同时提高轧制件表面质量。
④本发明中的润滑剂都是环境友好型物质，对环境不造成任何污染，是绿色环保型润滑剂。这种复合润滑剂可以提高轧辊的寿命，产品的质量和生产效率。
附图说明
图1为不同润滑条件下热轧硅钢表面形貌
在不同润滑条件下，钢坯的宏观表面形貌，可以看出，在水润滑条件下，轧制件表面有较多的红色铁锈存在；单独的磷酸盐润滑下，表明的红色铁锈虽有减少，但仍然较多。在单独的SiTiO4纳米粒子润滑条件下，表面的铁锈进一步减少，在磷酸盐和SiTiO4纳米粒子复合润滑条件下，表面几乎没有红色铁锈的存在，表明磷酸盐和SiTiO4纳米粒子复合润滑剂可以有效提高热轧钢件的表面质量。
图2为水润滑和磷酸钠+SiTiO4纳米复合润滑剂润滑后钢件表面SEM形貌为轧制表面的SEM图片
图2中在水润滑和以及磷酸盐和SiTiO4纳米粒子复合润滑条件下，由轧件表面的微观形貌可以看出在水润滑下，热轧表面较为粗糙，有很多的氧化物磨屑，而在磷酸盐和SiTiO4纳米粒子复合润滑条件下，表面相对较为平整且光滑。表明磷酸盐和SiTiO4纳米粒子复合润滑剂可以有效提高热轧钢件的表面质量。
图3为磷酸钠+SiTiO4纳米复合润滑剂润滑后钢件界面TEM形貌
可以看出在钢件的表面有一层1μm左右的润滑层，层中含有纳米粒子以及玻璃层，这解释了磷酸钠+SiTiO4纳米复合润滑剂润滑在高温下的协同润滑机理。
具体实施方式
现结合实施例、附图对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1：
一种硅钢热扎用纳米复合润滑剂，按以下重量比配置纳米复合润滑剂，偏硅酸钠20％，ZrO2纳米粒子4％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.2％，甘油5％，余量为水。将配置的润滑剂用于热轧硅钢的热轧。
相比于水润滑条件，所述纳米复合润滑剂可以显著降低轧制力15％，降低摩擦系数20％，且钢坯表面质量显著提升，具体表现为钢坯表面的红铁皮显著减少。
实施例2：
一种硅钢热扎用纳米复合润滑剂，按以下重量比配置纳米复合润滑剂，偏磷酸钠20％，SiO2纳米粒子4％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.2％，甘油5％，余量为水。将配置的润滑剂用于热轧硅钢的热轧。
相比于水润滑条件，所述纳米复合润滑剂可以显著降低轧制力13％，降低摩擦系数17％，且钢坯表面质量显著提升，具体表现为钢坯表面的红铁皮显著减少。
实施例3：
一种硅钢热扎用纳米复合润滑剂，按以下重量比配置纳米复合润滑剂，偏磷酸钠20％，TiSiO4纳米粒子4％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.2％，甘油5％，余量为水。将配置的润滑剂用于热轧硅钢的热轧。
相比于水润滑条件，所述纳米复合润滑剂可以显著降低轧制力17％，降低摩擦系数23％，且钢坯表面质量显著提升，具体表现为钢坯表面的红铁皮显著减少。轧制后钢坯表面和界面形貌如附图1-3所示。
在使用中熔化温度控制在900℃，在900℃～1250℃润滑剂应是熔融状态，而且要有合适的粘度，低的剪切力及高温延展性，以确保润滑剂有好的高温润滑性能。
在一个实施方案中，将制备好的润滑剂喷在轧辊上，钢坯在1250℃氮气保护下被预热，而后经连轧过程厚钢坯被轧制成目标形状，压轧量为5-60％，优选20-40％，钢坯前进速度为1-10m/s，优选5-8m/s,轧制时钢坯的温度为900-1200℃。
在使用中，可先制备无机盐水溶液和纳米粒子分散液，在使用前将两种溶液混合制成润滑液，使用前最好超声分散(或搅拌)减少纳米粒子的聚沉。
本发明润滑剂的检测方法如下：热轧润滑性能的评估采用2-High Hille 100轧机，轧辊为高速钢，轧辊表面粗糙度为1μm，压轧量为5-60％，速度为0.1-3m/s。光学显微镜用于观测热轧钢坯表面状态，扫描电子显微镜用于观测钢坯表面微观形貌，透射电子显微镜用于观察热轧钢坯界面状态。
综上所述，本发明所述高温纳米复合润滑剂在高温下有稳定的粘度，熔态的玻璃和纳米粒子的协同润滑使摩擦界面易于剪切，无机盐不仅可以促进纳米粒子的分散，还具有抗压、润滑和抗氧化的作用，纳米粒子还可以改善轧制钢坯表面质量。这种纳米复合润滑剂在使用过程中具有无味、无色、无毒等优点，可以降低摩擦，减小磨损，抗氧化，同时能改善轧制件的表面质量，因而具备良好的推广及应用前景。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于组份质量百分比为：5-80％的无机盐、0.5-30％的纳米粒子、0.01-5％的表面活性剂、0.1-30％的添加剂和余量为水。
2.根据权利要求1所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于：所述无机盐包括磷酸钠、磷酸钾、焦磷酸钠、六偏磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸二氢钾、多聚磷酸钠、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸氢二铵、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢钠铵、磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钠、硅酸钠、硅酸钾、偏硅酸钠或正硅酸钠中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于：所述纳米粒子为TiO2、ZrO2、SiO2、Al2O3、CuO、ZnO、MgO、Al2O3、CuO、Fe3O4，SiTiO4中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于：所述纳米粒子的粒径为5-100纳米。
5.根据权利要求1所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于：所述表面活性剂包括但不限于硬脂酸、十二烷基磺酸钠、季铵化物、卵磷脂、月桂醇硫酸钠SDS、十二烷基苯磺酸钠SDBS聚乙烯压胺PEI中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂，其特征在于：所述添加剂包括但不限于甘油或ZDDP。
7.一种制备权利要求1～6任一项所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂的方法，其特征在于步骤如下：
步骤1：将无机盐溶于水中搅拌5-30min形成溶液；
步骤2：将纳米粒子、表面活性剂和水混合并通过超声形成分散液；
步骤3：将溶液、分散液和添加剂按比混合搅拌即得到高温纳米复合润滑剂。
8.一种权利要求11～6任一项所述用于金属热塑性加工的高温纳米复合润滑剂的使用方法，其特征在于：先制备无机盐水溶液和纳米粒子分散液，使用前将两种溶液混合制成润滑液。
9.根据权利要求8所述的使用方法，其特征在于：使用前将润滑液超声分散或搅拌减少纳米粒子的聚沉。
10.根据权利要求8所述的使用方法，其特征在于：在900℃～1250℃温度下使用润滑剂。
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