CN114015437B - 一种红光碳量子点及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种新型红光碳量子点及其制备方法，首先将多氨基化合物溶于水中，再加入含羧基卟啉化合物并分散均匀，接着将得到的混合物油浴加热至180‑200℃进行反应，期间每当混合物变粘稠立刻补加水，反应完静置分离出上清液，最后将其透析、冻干即可。本发明将可溶于水的多氨基化合物包裹在难溶于水的含羧基卟啉化合物表面，由此制得的碳量子点不仅具有红色荧光而且产率高、毒性小，在肿瘤的光动力治疗、生物成像和生物体内Cu2+、Fe3+检测等方面都具有较好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及纳米材料技术领域，具体涉及一种新型红光碳量子点及其制备方法。
背景技术
碳量子点(CQDs)自2006年问世以来，一直倍受科学界和产业界的关注，并迅速发展成为一种新型优质荧光纳米材料。碳量子点是碳基零维材料，同时也是尺寸小于10nm的单分散球状纳米碳材料。碳量子点具有优异的光学性质、良好的水溶性和生物相容性、低毒性、环境友好等诸多优点，并且原料来源广、制备成本低，广泛应用于载药、生物成像、金属粒子检测、光电催化和LED等诸多领域。
目前国内外制备碳量子点的方法有许多，从碳源前驱体的角度可分为两大类：自上而下法(Top-down)和自下而上法(Bottom-up)。常见的碳量子点主要为蓝绿光，红光碳量子点较少，且绝大多数红光碳量子都必须在水热釜中制备且反应时间较长，这些问题极大的限制了红光碳量子点的应用。
发明人团队此前曾开发了一种金属掺杂的荧光碳量子点(参见中国专利CN109468130A)，利用可溶于水的多羧酸化合物包裹难溶于水的金属卟啉化合物，提高了金属掺杂荧光碳量子点的金属掺杂率和产率。然而该方案并不涉及红光碳量子点的制备问题，其所涉及的荧光为一般的蓝绿光。在此基础上，发明人团队继续攻坚克难，利用可溶于水的多氨基化合物包裹难溶于水的含羧基卟啉化合物，制备得到了一种具有红色荧光的新型碳量子点。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种红光碳量子点的制备方法，该方法包括以下步骤：将多氨基化合物、含羧基卟啉化合物加入到溶剂中混合均匀，然后升温反应，接着透析并将透析所得溶液干燥，最终得到红光碳量子点。
进一步的，所述多氨基化合物选自乙二胺、多聚乙烯亚胺(b-PEI)、苯二胺(包括邻、间、对位)、尿素以及常见氨基酸(如精氨酸、赖氨酸等)中的至少一种，优选为多聚乙烯亚胺。
进一步的，所述含羧基卟啉化合物选自单羧基苯基卟啉、多羧基苯基卟啉中的一种，优选为四羧基苯基卟啉。
进一步的，所述溶剂具体为水。
进一步的，原料的混合方式具体如下：首先将多氨基化合物与溶剂混合使其溶解，再加入含羧基卟啉化合物并超声分散(10-30min)，由此得到反应液。
更进一步的，反应液中多氨基化合物的浓度为5-50mg/mL，含羧基卟啉化合物的浓度为0.25-2.5mg/mL。
进一步的，升温反应过程具体如下：采用油浴的方式加热反应液，待其粘稠后补加溶剂，补加溶剂数次后停止加热并静置，分离出上清液后进行透析处理。
进一步的，反应温度维持在180-200℃之间。
进一步的，透析的截留分子量为3000Da-6500Da，透析时间为48-72h，所述干燥具体为冻干。
本发明在油浴加热条件下，利用可溶于水的多氨基化合物包裹难溶于水的含羧基卟啉化合物，制得了高性能红光碳量子点。此前虽然也有人利用氨水或乙二胺等对各类碳量子点进行了氨基化改性，但是都没有通过油浴加热的方法成功制得红光碳量子点，这是发明人团队的首创。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果主要体现在以下几个方面：
1、本发明利用可溶于水的多氨基化合物包裹难溶于水的含羧基卟啉化合物，从而形成外围含有大量氨基且内核为卟啉结构的红光碳量子点，该特殊组成和结构赋予其良好的水溶性。此外该红光碳量子点本身粒径较小且具有丰富的亲水性官能团，使其易于被细胞吞噬并从体内代谢出来，表现出良好的生物相容性和较低的毒性。
2、本发明制得的红光碳量子点内核为卟啉单元，具有单线态氧产生能力，可用于肿瘤的光动力治疗。
3、本发明制得的红光碳量子点具有红色荧光发射，纳米颗粒表面有很多功能基团，能与Cu2+、Fe3+等金属离子鳌合，从而改变其荧光发射，使其对特定金属离子具有检测作用，可用于生物成像和体内Cu2+、Fe3+的检测，进一步拓宽了其应用范围。
4、本发明合成方法简单，原料易得，易于工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1红光碳量子点的制备过程示意图；
图2为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点及其在365nm激光照射下的荧光图；
图3为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点透射电镜(TEM)照片；
图4为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点在水溶液中的动态光散射(DLS)谱图；
图5为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点在水溶液中的吸收光谱图；
图6为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点在水溶液中被不同激发波长激发产生的荧光发射谱图；
图7为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点KBr压片试样的红外光谱图；
图8为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点水溶液加入Cu2+后的荧光发射谱图；
图9为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点水溶液在0.125mg/L浓度、445nm激光以及不同照射功率下的温度变化图；
图10为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点水溶液在445nm、0.6w/cm2激光照射下不同溶液浓度的温度升高情况图；
图11为本发明实施例1制得的红光碳量子点水溶液在445nm、0.1w/cm2激光照射条件下的DCFH于522nm处的荧光变化情况图。
具体实施方式
为使本领域普通技术人员充分理解本发明的技术方案和有益效果，以下结合具体实施例及附图进行进一步说明。
本发明所述原料、仪器设备等如无特殊说明均为普通市售。
实施例1
将200mg多聚乙烯亚胺溶于10mL水中，得到浓度为20mg/mL的A液。将10mg四羧基苯基卟啉加入到A液中，得到B液。将B液超声分散30min，得到混合均匀的C液。将C液油浴加热到200℃，待其粘稠后加水继续反应，多次粘稠-加水操作后得到D液，反应时间约为2h。用截留分子量为3500Da的透析袋对D液静置所得上清液透析72h，透析所得水溶液冻干即为目标产物——红光碳量子点。整个反应过程如图1所示。
实施例2
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：将多聚乙烯亚胺替换为等量的乙二胺。
实施例3
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：将多聚乙烯亚胺替换为等量的对苯二胺。
实施例4
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：将多聚乙烯亚胺替换为等量的精氨酸。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：将多聚乙烯亚胺替换为等量的赖氨酸。
实施例6
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：将多聚乙烯亚胺替换为等量的尿素。
实施例7
本实施例与实施例1基本相同，不同之处在于：将四羧基苯基卟啉替换为等量的单羧基苯基卟啉。
为了解本发明各个实施例制得的红光碳量子点的结构和性能，以实施例1产物为例，取样进行了各种检测，结果分别如图2-11所述。
图2为该红光碳量子点在365nm激光照射下的荧光图，从图中可以很明显的看出红色荧光。
图3和图4分别为该红光碳量子点的TEM图和在水溶液中的DLS图。从图3-4可以看出，实施例1制得的红光碳量子点得粒径为2nm左右。
对该红光碳量子点的官能团信息进行了测试，分别测得其在水溶液中的吸收光谱、以不同激发波长激发产生的荧光发射情况以及红光碳量子点固体用KBr压片后的红外光谱图，分别如图5-7所示。
图5为红光碳量子点的紫外吸收图谱，因红光碳量子点中存在卟啉结构，所以在410nm处有一个很明显的Soret带卟啉结构的紫外吸收峰，在Q带500-700nm之间包括4个吸收峰，而Soret带吸收峰的吸光系数约是Q带的10-20倍，完全符合卟啉的吸收情况。
由图6可知，在不同激发波长下该红光碳量子点的荧光发射强度发生了变化，其中最大激发波长为420nm。由图7可知，位于3418cm-1的宽峰与N-H、O-H的伸缩振动有关，2943cm-1处的小峰归属为C-H键，1740cm-1处的峰为C＝O拉伸振动，1582cm-1处的谱带是C＝C的伸缩振动，1384cm-1处的吸收峰归结于N＝O的拉伸振动和C-N-C的不对称伸缩振动。
图8为向该红光碳量子点水溶液中加入Cu2+后的荧光发射变化图。从图中可以很明显的看出，加入Cu2+后荧光明显降低，甚至淬灭。
图9比较了红光碳量子点水溶液浓度为0.125mg/mL，在445nm激光照射下不同照射功率对应的温度变化情况。从图中可以很明显的看出，随着照射功率的逐渐增大，温度升高的越多。
图10比较了红光碳量子点水溶液在445nm、0.6w/cm2激光照射下，不同溶液浓度对应的温度升高情况。从图中可以明显看出，随着溶液浓度逐渐增大，温度升高越来越多。这是因为CDs的紫外吸收在420nm处有一个很明显的吸收峰，所以其光热活性主要表现在445nm激光照射下。
图11为红光碳量子点水溶液在445nm、0.1w/cm2激光照射下的DCFH在522nm处的荧光变化情况。从图中可以很明显的看出，在激光照射下DCFH荧光明显变大，说明CDs可以产生活性氧且产率较高。这一结果可为其在光热以及光动力治疗方面的应用提供依据。
Claims (4)
1.一种红光碳量子点的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：首先将多氨基化合物与溶剂混合使其溶解，再加入含羧基卟啉化合物并超声分散，由此得到反应液，然后采用油浴的方式加热反应液至反应温度维持在180-200℃之间，待其粘稠后补加溶剂，补加溶剂数次后停止加热并静置，分离出上清液后进行透析处理，将透析所得溶液干燥，最终得到具有核壳结构的红光碳量子点；所述多氨基化合物具体为多聚乙烯亚胺，所述含羧基卟啉化合物具体为四羧基苯基卟啉，所述溶剂具体为水。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：反应液中多氨基化合物的浓度为5-50mg/mL，含羧基卟啉化合物的浓度为0.25-2.5mg/mL。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：透析的截留分子量为3000Da-6500Da，所述干燥具体为冻干。
4.一种红光碳量子点，其特征在于：该红光碳量子点按照权利要求1-3中的任意一种方法制备得到。
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