CN114014469A - 一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法及催化剂的应用 - Google Patents
一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法及催化剂的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Zn+2] DRDVZXDWVBGGMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000005083 Zinc sulfide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052984 zinc sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+) Chemical compound [Cd+2] WLZRMCYVCSSEQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006303 photolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000015843 photosynthesis, light reaction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 4
- IGUWUAGBIVHKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium;sulfanylidenezinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Cd]=S IGUWUAGBIVHKDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 3
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;cadmium(2+);disulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[S-2].[Zn+2].[Cd+2] UQMZPFKLYHOJDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052979 sodium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010265 sodium sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法及催化剂的应用。该方法是将纳米硫化锌投加到含镉废水中,在室温条件下,经过一定时间的吸附,可以实现同步高效富集、去除水中镉,并可将镉直接原位转化为具有异质结构的光催化剂,而无需苛刻的反应条件和繁琐的处理步骤。该方法,除镉效果好,所用材料廉价,且实施方法非常简单、易于操作。特别是通过该方法获得的催化剂可用于光催化降解有机污染物和光解水产氢。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保领域,具体涉及一种可将水中镉高效富集去除并原位转化为光催化剂的方法及催化剂的应用。
背景技术
我国是世界第一大镉开采大国和镉生产大国。镉在开采和生产加工的过程中,导致大量的镉进入到环境中,进入环境中的镉不像有机污染物会被降解,从而对生态环境和人类健康都造成了严重的威胁。而镉作为一种不可再生资源进入到环境中又造成了资源的浪费,因此,将污染环境中的镉转化为高价值的催化剂,不仅可以有效解决镉污染问题,节约宝贵的不可再生资源,又能够实现镉的升级再利用,可谓一举多得。
专利CN113134365A报道了一种采用植物修复的方式将环境中的镉先富集到植物体内,然后再通过对富含镉的植物体进行高温热处理来实现镉的浓缩,最后还需要硫化处理将浓缩后的镉转化为硫化镉催化剂。植物修复往往修复周期长、对镉的富集能力不高、特别是还需要高温、高压且繁琐的硫化处理等后处理步骤来实现植物体内镉转化为硫化镉。因此,开发一种方法,既能够实现镉的高效富集与去除,又可以采用更为温和的手段和简洁的步骤来实现环境中的镉转化为高效的催化剂,是十分必要的。而目前,能够同步实现镉的快速、高效富集和原位直接将镉转化为具有异质结构高效光催化剂的方法还未见报道。
发明内容
本发明正是针对上述问题,提供了一种可将水中镉高效富集去除并直接原位转化为具有异质结构的光催化剂的方法及催化剂的应用。
发明目的
本发明的一个目的在于将污水中的镉高效富集并去除从而实现镉污染治理。
本发明的第二个目的在于实现污水中镉的回收和增值再利用。
本发明的第三个目的在于可将污水中镉的原位直接转化为具有异质结构的光催化剂,而无需繁琐处理步骤和苛刻的反应条件。
本发明的第四个目的在于通过污水中镉回收得到的催化剂可用于光催化应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
1.一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)先用无机酸或碱将含镉离子浓度1~3000mg/L的污水初始pH调节为4~6,优选为6;
(2)将颗粒尺寸为20~500nm的硫化锌纳米颗粒投加到步骤(1)中的污水中,硫化锌固体浓度设置为0.2~1.5g/L,在20~35℃的温度件下吸附镉离子一定的时间,吸附过程中需要持续搅拌,搅拌速度为100~600rpm,优选150~400rpm,最优选200~300rpm;
(3)将步骤(2)中吸附镉后的硫化锌颗粒通过过滤或离心的方式与水体分离,即可得到具有异质结构的催化剂,并实现水中镉的去除。
2.硫化锌吸附镉的时间为6~60h,优选24~52h,最优选36~48h。
3.具有异质结构的催化剂是在吸附镉的过程中直接原位形成的,合成简单且反应条件温和,无需后续高温、高压及硫化处理。污水中的镉被富集并固定于硫化锌内形成更为稳定的催化剂,而不会再释放到水体中,从而实现镉的高效富集,通过固液分离后即可实现污水中镉的高效去除。
4.通过上述方法即可将污水中的镉直接原位转化为催化剂,且所述的催化剂为具有异质结构的光催化剂。
5.具有异质结构的催化剂的内部由硫化锌构成,外部由一层ZnxCd1-xS固溶体所包裹,其中0<x<1。
6.所述的异质结构光催化剂外层的ZnxCd1-xS固溶体的厚度为0.1~15nm,优选0.5~10nm,最优选1~4nm。
7.所述的异质结构光催化剂的粒径尺寸为20~500nm。
8.所得到的具有异质结构的光催化剂可用于光催化领域,优选的可用于光催化有机污染物降解和光催化产氢。
相比现有技术,本发明的有益效果在于:
由于硫化锌中锌原子半径和镉原子半径十分接近,以硫化锌纳米颗粒为吸附剂,污水中的镉会通过离子交换作用进入到硫化锌晶格内部,从而在硫化锌表层形成锌镉硫固溶体。因为锌镉硫固溶体更为稳定,被吸附的镉离子不会再进入到水体中,再结合分离措施,从而实现了镉的高效富集和去除。而硫化锌纳米颗粒除镉后则直接原位形成了具有硫化锌和锌镉硫固溶体异质结构的材料。锌镉硫固溶体是性能较为优异的光催化剂,再与硫化锌构成异质结构,则直接变成了性能更为优异的异质结光催化剂。从而免去了反应条件苛刻且繁琐的后处理步骤。因此,我们的策略能够同步实现镉的快速、高效富集和原位直接将镉转化为高效光催化剂的目的,特别是所用材料廉价,且实施方法非常简单、易于操作,与现有技术相比具有明显的优越性、进步性和新颖性。
附图说明
图1为硫化锌吸附镉后形成的具有硫化锌内核和锌镉硫外壳的异质结构的催化剂。
图2为硫化锌对镉的去除效率随时间的变化曲线。
图3为硫化锌吸附镉后形成的异质结构催化剂在模拟太阳光照射下对有机污染物MO的降解效率。
图4为硫化锌吸附镉后形成的异质结构催化剂在模拟太阳光照射下分解水产氢量。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
先用0.5M硝酸和氢氧化钠溶液对Cd2+初始浓度为500mg/L的污水pH调节为6,加入粒径为300nm硫化锌纳米颗粒,使硫化锌的固体浓度达到1g/L,在转速为200rpm,温度为25℃的条件下,持续吸附镉48小时,通过ICP测定吸附后水中镉的含量,最终换算得到吸附剂对污水中镉的吸附容量为488mg/g。吸附结束后采用220nm滤膜过滤出吸附剂,即可得到具有异质结构的光催化剂,见图1。
实施例2:
先用0.1M硝酸和氢氧化钠溶液对Cd2+初始浓度为1mg/L的污水pH调节为5,加入粒径为100nm硫化锌纳米颗粒,使硫化锌的固体浓度达到0.2g/L,在转速为300rpm,温度为30℃的条件下,持续吸附镉36小时,通过ICP测定吸附后水中镉的含量,最终得到污水中镉的去除率为99.98%,见图2。吸附结束后采用14000rpm/min离心30min分离得到吸附剂。
实施例3:
将实施例1中得到的催化剂投加到MO初始浓度为10mg/L的有机废水中,使催化剂的固体浓度为0.5g/L,在遮光条件下以100rpm/min条件下搅拌溶液30min,促使MO达到吸附平衡,用紫外-可见分光光度计测定暗反应条件下MO的浓度。采用氙灯为模拟太阳光光源,光照强度设置为200mW/cm2,光照30min,MO的降解率达到了98%。
实施例4:
将实施例2中得到的催化剂投加到含有0.5M硫化钠和亚硫酸钠的水溶液中,使催化剂的固体浓度为1g/L。采用氙灯为模拟太阳光光源,光照强度设置为100mW/cm2,持续光照3小时,采用气相色谱测定氢气含量,光催化产氢速率可以达到6200um/(h·g)。
Claims (10)
1.一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)先用无机酸或碱将含镉离子浓度为1~3000mg/L的污水初始pH调节为4~6,优选为6;
(2)将颗粒尺寸为20~500nm的硫化锌纳米颗粒投加到步骤(1)中的污水中,硫化锌固体浓度设置为0.2~1.5g/L,在20~35℃的温度件下吸附镉离子一定的时间,吸附过程中需要持续搅拌,搅拌速度为100~600rpm,优选150~400rpm,最优选200~300rpm;
(3)将步骤(2)中吸附镉后的硫化锌颗粒通过过滤或离心的方式与水体分离,即可得到具有异质结构的催化剂,并实现水中镉的去除。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法,其特征在于:硫化锌吸附镉的时间为6~60h,优选24~52h,最优选36~48h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法,其特征在于:具有异质结构的催化剂是在吸附镉的过程中直接原位形成的,合成简单且反应条件温和,无需后续高温、高压及硫化处理。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种将镉富集去除并转化为催化剂的方法,其特征在于:污水中的镉被富集并固定于硫化锌内形成更为稳定的催化剂,而不会再释放到水体中,从而实现镉的高效富集,通过固液分离后即可实现污水中镉的高效去除。
5.一种由权利要求1~4任一项所述方法得到的催化剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的催化剂,其特征在于:所述的催化剂为具有异质结构的光催化剂。
7.根据权利要求5~6所述的具有异质结构的光催化剂,其特征在于:催化剂的内部由硫化锌构成,外部由一层ZnxCd1-xS固溶体所包裹,其中0<x<1。
8.根据权利要求5~7所述的具有异质结构的光催化剂,其特征在于:所述的异质结构光催化剂外层的ZnxCd1-xS固溶体的厚度为0.1~15nm,优选0.5~10nm,最优选1~4nm。
9.根据权利要求5~8所述的具有异质结构的光催化剂,其特征在于:所述的异质结构光催化剂的粒径尺寸为20~500nm。
10.根据权利要求1~9所得到的具有异质结构的光催化剂可用于光催化领域,优选的可用于光催化有机污染物降解和光催化产氢。
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