CN114012265B - Double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method and device - Google Patents
Double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012265B CN114012265B CN202111136962.6A CN202111136962A CN114012265B CN 114012265 B CN114012265 B CN 114012265B CN 202111136962 A CN202111136962 A CN 202111136962A CN 114012265 B CN114012265 B CN 114012265B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention provides a double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method and a device, wherein the welding method comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on the welding workpiece, and fixing the welding workpiece; a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device are arranged on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece; setting welding technological parameters, starting an air injection device and a double-beam laser arc composite device, and performing transverse welding. The transverse welding device used in the welding method comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device, wherein the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction; the air injection device is arranged on the side edge below the first laser, and the flow and the direction of the sprayed shielding gas can be adjusted. The welding method provided by the invention solves the problems of unfused side wall and undercut, reduces the porosity of the welding seam and improves the welding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method and device.
Background
The laser-GMAW (gas metal arc) composite transverse welding is an important connection mode, and compared with horizontal welding, the transverse welding has more complex droplet transition behavior due to the influence of gravity, and the droplet stable transition is the key of weld joint forming, lateral wall unfused and lack of penetration of welding and other welding defects. The laser power and the distance between the wires (distance between the laser and the welding wire) are the main influencing factors, and the larger the laser power is, the smaller the distance between the wires is, and the larger the influence of the laser on the arc droplet transition behavior is.
In the laser-GMAW composite transverse welding process, the laser keyhole metal plasma has periodic fluctuation, the metal vapor also has periodic fluctuation, and the larger the laser power is, the larger the fluctuation of the keyhole metal plasma and the metal vapor is, so that the interaction of the laser keyhole metal plasma and the arc plasma and the blocking effect of the recoil force of the metal vapor on the molten drops have larger fluctuation. The larger the laser power is, the larger the fluctuation of the diameter of the molten drop is, and the stronger the recoil force of the metal vapor of the laser key hole is in the flying process after the molten drop is separated from the welding wire.
The related literature shows that in the laser-GMAW composite transverse welding process, as the distance between optical wires is increased, the attraction of laser keyhole metal plasma to an electric arc is weakened, the blocking effect of metal vapor recoil force to droplet transition is weakened, the droplet transition is weakened under the influence of laser, the droplet transition frequency is increased, however, the droplet easily falls on the lower side wall and cannot be smoothly transited into a molten pool, and therefore, the welding defect that the side wall is not fused occurs. With the reduction of the distance between the optical wires, the attraction effect of the laser keyhole metal plasma on the electric arc is enhanced, the stability of droplet transition is improved, the droplet is stably transited into a molten pool, and the problem that the lateral wall of transverse welding is not fused is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method and device, which aims to solve the problems of side wall unfused defects and undercut in laser-GMAW composite transverse welding, increase the molten drop transition frequency, improve the welding melting filling efficiency and improve the molten drop transition stability.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following specific scheme: a double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: carrying out surface treatment on the welding workpiece, and fixing the welding workpiece;
step two: a double-beam laser arc composite device is arranged on one side to be welded of a welded workpiece, the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG (tungsten inert gas protection arc) welding gun, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun (3) which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, and then an air injection device is arranged on the side edge below the first laser;
step three: setting welding technological parameters, starting an air injection device and a double-beam laser arc composite device, and performing transverse welding.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method, the following is adopted: the first laser emits a first laser beam and the second laser emits a second laser beam which are perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method, the following is adopted: the TIG welding gun, the first laser, the second laser and the GMAW welding gun are of the auxiliary current output type either continuous output or pulsed output.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method, the following is adopted: the jet range of the jet device is from the first laser beam to the tail part of the molten pool, the jet flow of the jet device is 5-100L/min, and the included angle between the jet direction and the vertical direction is 2-80 degrees.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method, the following is adopted: the welding process parameters include: the first laser power is 800-10000W, the second laser power is 100-5000W, the welding speed is 0.1 m/min-10 m/min, the TIG welding gun current is 2-200A, GMAW welding gun current is 100-500A, and the distance between the first laser beam and the second laser beam is as follows: the distance between the second laser beam and the welding wire of the GMAW welding gun is 0.1-10 mm: the distance between the first laser beam and the TIG welding gun welding wire is 0.1-4 mm: 0.1-8 mm.
The transverse welding device used by the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method is characterized in that: comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device; the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction; the air injection device is arranged on the side edge below the first laser; the first laser emits a first laser beam and the second laser emits a second laser beam which are perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method, the following is adopted: the first laser power is greater than the second laser power.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method, the following is adopted: the direction of the protective air flow sprayed by the air spraying device can be adjusted.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the TIG arc preheats the welding workpiece, the first laser beam melts the welding workpiece to form a molten pool, and the first laser beam and the TIG welding gun arc form a composite heat source, so that high-speed stable welding of the arc is ensured. The arc distance between the second laser beam and the GMAW welding gun is relatively short, so that the stability of molten drop transition is improved, and the problem of unfused lateral wall of transverse welding is solved. And the second laser beam heats the molten pool for the second time, so that the cooling speed of the molten pool is reduced, bubbles can escape from the molten pool before solidification of the molten pool, the porosity can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the power of the second laser beam is lower, the resistance to molten drop transition is reduced, the melting filling quantity of the welding wire is improved, and the welding efficiency is further improved. In the welding process, the air injection device prevents the gravity of the molten metal which cannot be supported by the surface tension of the molten metal, and further prevents the occurrence of side wall unfused and undercut defects of the welding seam.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the operation of a dual beam laser arc hybrid single sided transverse welding method and apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of weld formation with a larger laser-GMAW composite transverse welding wire spacing
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of weld formation in a dual beam laser arc hybrid single sided cross welding process of the present invention (first laser beam and GMAW have the same wire spacing as the process of FIG. 2)
Description of the drawings: 1. the welding device comprises a welding workpiece, 2 welding seams, 3 GMAW welding guns, 4, a second laser beam, 5, a first laser beam, 6, a TIG welding gun, 7, a jet device, 8, a shielding gas, 9, a GMAW power supply, 10 and a TIG power supply.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method comprises the following steps:
step one: firstly, processing a welding groove on one surface of a welding workpiece 1, then processing the surface of the welding workpiece 1 and the welding groove, and fixing the welding workpiece 1 in a transverse welding mode;
step two: a double-beam laser arc composite device is arranged on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece 1, the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun 6, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun 3 which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, the TIG welding gun 6 is connected with a power supply 10, the GMAW welding gun 3 is connected with a power supply 9, and finally an air injection device 7 is arranged on the side edge below the first laser;
step three: and setting welding process parameters, starting an air injection device 7 and a double-beam laser arc composite device, and performing transverse welding.
In this embodiment, the laser type is a fiber laser, and the auxiliary current output types of the laser, the TIG welding gun 6 and the GMAW welding gun 3 are continuous outputs.
The position of the lasers is further defined in that the first laser emits a first laser beam 5 and the second laser emits a second laser beam 4, both perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece 1.
The gas injection range of the gas injection means 7 is further defined, i.e. the gas injection range from the first laser beam 5 to the bath tail, acting on the whole bath. The air flow of the air injection device 7 is 5-100L/min, and the included angle between the air injection direction and the vertical direction is 2-80 degrees. The sprayed shielding gas 8 has acting force on the molten metal in the molten pool, and the acting force and the surface tension of the molten metal support the gravity of the molten metal together, so that the side wall unfused and undercut defects of the welding line 2 are prevented.
In the third step, the set welding process parameters include: the power of the first laser is 800-10000W, the power of the second laser is 100-5000W, the welding speed is 0.1 m/min-10 m/min, the current of the TIG welding gun (6) is 2-200A, GMAW, the current of the welding gun 3 is 100-500A, and the distance between the first laser beam 5 and the second laser beam 4 is as follows: the distance between the second laser beam 4 and the welding wire of the GMAW welding gun 3 is 0.1-10 mm: the distance between the first laser beam 5 and the welding wire of the TIG welding gun 6 is 0.1-4 mm: 0.1-8 mm. The power of the first laser beam 5 is larger than that of the second laser beam 4, so that the first laser beam 5 is used for melting the welding workpiece 1 to form a molten pool, the high-power laser beam pulls an electric arc to reduce arc resistance, the root drift of the electric arc is prevented, and the high-speed stable welding of the electric arc is ensured; the second laser beam 4 heats the molten pool for the second time, so that the area of the molten pool is enlarged, the cooling speed of the molten pool is reduced, bubbles can be easily escaped from the molten pool before solidification of the molten pool, the pore defect can be effectively restrained, the porosity of the welding line 2 is reduced, meanwhile, as the power of the second laser beam 4 is lower, the heat input to the molten pool is also lower, small key holes are formed or key holes are not formed, the laser key hole metal plasma is reduced, the resistance to molten drop transition is reduced, the molten drop transition is promoted, the melting filling quantity of welding wires is improved, and the welding efficiency is further improved. The TIG arc is in front of the first laser beam, and the welding workpiece is preheated to improve the laser energy utilization rate. The distance between the GMAW arc and the second laser beam is relatively short, namely the distance between the optical wires is reduced, the characteristic of sucking and compressing the arc by laser is enhanced, the deflection of the GMAW arc is further increased, the stability of molten drop transition is further improved, the problem that the lateral wall of transverse welding is not fused is solved, and the good shape of the weld joint 2 is obtained.
The transverse welding device used by the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device 7, wherein the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun 6, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun 3 which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction; the air injection device 7 is arranged on the side edge below the first laser; the first laser emits a first laser beam 5 and the second laser emits a second laser beam 4 which are perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece 1.
Further defined as the lasers, the first laser power is greater than the second laser.
The jet device is further limited, the flow and the direction of the shielding gas 8 sprayed by the jet device 7 can be adjusted, and the flow and the direction of the shielding gas 8 can be adjusted according to the welding process parameters. The force of the sprayed shielding gas 8 on the molten metal is prevented from being too large or too small.
The laser type in the above embodiment may also be Nd: YAG laser and CO 2 A laser.
The auxiliary current output types of the laser, TIG welding gun 6 and GMAW welding gun 3 may also be pulsed outputs.
Comparing the invention with the prior art (laser-GMAW composite transverse welding method), under the same welding condition, the forming schematic diagrams of the welding seam 2 of the invention are respectively shown in fig. 3 and 2, and the forming of the welding seam 2 is obvious from the diagrams, and the defects of side wall fusion and undercut are not generated.
Fig. 2 shows a weld joint 2 formed when a laser-GMAW composite transverse welding optical wire is larger, because the distance is larger, the influence of electromagnetic force and plasma flow force on the molten drops in the flying process of the molten drops is weakened, and the molten drops easily fall on the lower side wall under the action of gravity and the recoil force of metal vapor of a laser keyhole, and cannot smoothly transition into a molten pool. Causing sidewall unfused and undercut defects to occur in the weld 2.
In the method of the invention, the distance between the first laser beam 5 and the GMAW welding gun 3 is the same as that in FIG. 2, but a second laser beam 4 is introduced between the first laser beam 5 and the electric arc of the GMAW welding gun 3, and a TIG welding gun 6 electric arc is introduced before the first laser beam 5. At this time, the first laser beam 5 is mainly used for melting the welding workpiece 1, no suction compression action is generated on the GMAW arc, the second laser beam 4 is mainly used for sucking compression of the GMAW arc, the second laser beam 4 is closer to the GMAW arc, the action of sucking compression arc by the laser is stronger, the molten drops can be stably transited into a molten pool, and an air injection device 7 is arranged to prevent the side wall unfused and undercut defect of the welding seam 2.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (7)
1. A double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: carrying out surface treatment on the welding workpiece (1) and fixing the welding workpiece (1);
step two: a double-beam laser arc composite device is arranged on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece (1), the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG (tungsten inert gas shielded arc) welding gun (6), a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW (gas metal arc) welding gun (3) which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, and then an air injection device (7) is arranged on the side edge below the first laser;
step three: setting welding technological parameters, starting an air injection device (7) and a double-beam laser arc composite device, and performing transverse welding; the welding process parameters in the third step comprise: the power of the first laser is 800-10000W, the power of the second laser is 100-5000W, the welding speed is 0.1 m/min-10 m/min, the current of the TIG welding gun (6) is 2-200A, GMAW, the current of the welding gun (3) is 100-500A, and the distance between a first laser beam (5) emitted by the first laser and a second laser beam (4) emitted by the second laser is as follows: the distance between the second laser beam (4) and the welding wire of the GMAW welding gun (3) is 0.1-10 mm: the distance between the first laser beam (5) and the welding wire of the TIG welding gun (6) is 0.1-4 mm: 0.1-8 mm, and the power of the first laser beam (5) is larger than that of the second laser beam (4).
2. The double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first laser emits a first laser beam (5) and the second laser emits a second laser beam (4) which are perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece (1).
3. The double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the auxiliary current output types of the TIG welding gun (6), the first laser, the second laser and the GMAW welding gun (3) are continuous output or pulse output.
4. The double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the air injection range of the air injection device (7) is from the first laser beam (5) to the tail part of the molten pool, the air injection flow of the air injection device (7) is 5-100L/min, and the included angle between the air injection direction and the vertical direction is 2-80 degrees.
5. A transverse welding device for use in a dual beam laser arc composite single sided transverse welding method as defined in claim 1, wherein:
comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device (7);
the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun (6), a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun (3) which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction;
the air injection device (7) is arranged on the side edge below the first laser;
the first laser emits a first laser beam (5) and the second laser emits a second laser beam (4) which are perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece (1).
6. The transverse welding device used by the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the first laser power is greater than the second laser power.
7. The transverse welding device used by the double-beam laser arc composite single-sided transverse welding method as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the flow and the direction of the shielding gas (8) sprayed by the air spraying device can be adjusted.
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| CN114952006B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2023-08-25 | 华北水利水电大学 | Laser arc double-sided composite welding method and device for L-shaped butt-joint thick plates of aluminum alloy |
| CN114799527B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2023-04-28 | 华北水利水电大学 | Laser arc composite high-speed vertical welding method and device for thin plate |
| CN114850664B (en) * | 2022-06-17 | 2023-08-25 | 华北水利水电大学 | Laser arc double-sided synchronous vertical welding method and device for medium plate |
| CN115740756A (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-03-07 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Double-laser-double-arc high-speed welding device and method |
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