CN117506147A - Composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding through laser lockhole - Google Patents
Composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding through laser lockhole Download PDFInfo
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- CN117506147A CN117506147A CN202311372872.6A CN202311372872A CN117506147A CN 117506147 A CN117506147 A CN 117506147A CN 202311372872 A CN202311372872 A CN 202311372872A CN 117506147 A CN117506147 A CN 117506147A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 210
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001595 contractor effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a composite welding method for laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding, and belongs to the technical field of welding. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, fixing a laser head and a welding gun, and vertically placing the welding gun above a workpiece to be welded so that an intersection point of a laser irradiation position and a tungsten electrode extension line is positioned on a fusion layer of the front wall of a key hole; the welding gun is positioned in front of the laser head along the welding direction; and 2, setting welding parameters, introducing protective gas, starting a welding gun, starting a laser head after the arc starting reaches working current, and enabling the laser head and the welding gun to synchronously move relative to a workpiece to be welded to perform compound welding. The blocking effect of the fusion layer to the electric arc before the lockhole due to the interaction of the weldment and the heat source is weakened or even counteracted by utilizing laser, so that the electric arc is more straight, the welding speed and the weldable thickness of the lockhole are improved, and the problem that the lockhole is unstable when the electric arc is dragged and the weldable thickness is too thick due to too high welding speed in the lockhole welding process is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to a composite welding method for laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding.
Background
The statements in this section merely relate to the background of the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The KD-TIG (high penetration argon arc welding) is characterized in that on the basis of traditional TIG welding (non-consumable electrode inert gas shielded arc welding), a TIG welding gun is changed into a high-current water-cooling welding gun, the water-cooling welding gun takes away more heat along the axial direction of a tungsten electrode, so that the cathode region of the tip of the tungsten electrode is contracted, the current density is more concentrated, the electromagnetic contraction effect is enhanced, the electric arc energy density is improved, larger electric arc force is generated to penetrate a workpiece, small holes are formed, the small holes stably advance under the balance of the electric arc force, the molten pool gravity and the surface tension, the keyhole welding is realized, and the method is widely applied in the welding of medium plates due to the characteristics of high welding quality and single-sided welding and double-sided forming.
The welding mode utilizes the small holes to transmit energy, so that the stability of the small holes is a key process of keyhole welding, and for large penetration argon arc welding and plasma welding or other keyhole welding methods, keyhole stability is a sufficient necessary condition for process application, which limits the welding speed and the weldable thickness of the large penetration argon arc welding and the plasma welding.
That is, in K D-TIG keyhole welding, the penetration force of the arc is utilized to penetrate the weld to form a keyhole, and then the keyhole is balanced under the interaction of surface tension, arc force and molten pool gravity to form a stable keyhole welding process. In the process, due to the interaction between the weldment and the heat source, hysteresis occurs in the back small hole, namely the position of the small hole is behind the arc, the distance can be increased along with the increase of the welding speed and the thickness, and through a metallographic test, a small hole front wall melting layer with uneven thickness exists in front of the KD-TIG small hole, which can obstruct the penetrating power of the arc, so that the arc generates a dragging phenomenon, and the welding speed and the welding thickness are limited.
The Chinese patent with the patent publication number of CN104985327A discloses a method for compositely welding double-focus laser and InFocus, wherein two beams of laser and electric arc jointly act on a welded area, so that a welding seam is simultaneously subjected to the combined action of three heat sources, the effect of increasing the penetration can be achieved, but the volume of a molten pool is overlarge, when a medium plate is welded, a lock hole is unstable, and the double-focus laser and electric arc are compositely adopted, so that equipment is complex, parameters are numerous, and the operation difficulty is high.
The Chinese patent with the patent publication number of CN 107685193A discloses a pulse negative pressure laser enhanced keyhole TIG welding device, the device adopts laser arc coaxial placement, laser irradiates a workpiece from a hollow tungsten electrode and forms a heat source together with the arc to weld, and a vacuum negative pressure device is arranged above the tungsten electrode, so that the arc can be effectively restrained, the arc penetration force is enhanced, the current density of the hollow tungsten electrode arc is concavely distributed, the arc penetration force is obviously reduced, and the coaxial composite gun head has complex design, large processing difficulty and weak practicability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding by using a laser lockhole, which takes the deep-melting argon arc welding as a main heat source and takes laser as an auxiliary heat source, improves the straightness of an electric arc, reduces the volume of a molten pool, improves the stability of the lockhole and can reduce the heat input of welding.
The invention provides a composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding by a laser lockhole;
a compound welding method for laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding comprises the following steps:
step 1, fixing a laser head and a welding gun, and vertically placing the welding gun above a workpiece to be welded so that an intersection point of a laser irradiation position and a tungsten electrode extension line is positioned on a fusion layer of the front wall of a key hole; the welding gun is positioned in front of the laser head along the welding direction;
and 2, setting welding parameters, introducing protective gas, starting a welding gun, starting a laser head after the arc starting reaches working current, and enabling the laser head and the welding gun to synchronously move relative to a workpiece to be welded to perform compound welding.
By adopting the technical scheme, laser is acted on the melting layer, and the laser is used for weakening or even counteracting the blocking effect brought by the melting layer, so that the electric arc is more straight; the mode that the electric arc is in front of the laser is adopted to ensure that the electric arc is a main heat source, so that the electric arc plays a main role in the welding process, the laser is in rear of the laser as an auxiliary heat source, the auxiliary electric arc is used for punching, compared with KTIG, the welding speed of a lock hole is improved, the weldable thickness is increased, compared with the composite welding that the electric arc is in front of the laser, a high-quality welding joint can be obtained, and the gap requirement on the joint is much lower.
Further, an electric arc generated by the welding gun is used as a main heat source, and low-power laser generated by the laser processing head is used as an auxiliary heat source.
By adopting the technical scheme, thick plate penetration is realized on the premise of not increasing welding current by adding laser or increasing laser power.
Further, the intersection point of the laser irradiation position and the tungsten electrode extension line is positioned at one third to two thirds of the thickness of the workpiece.
By adopting the technical scheme, one third to two thirds of the thickness of the workpiece is the area with the most intense change of the fusion layer of the front wall of the keyhole, so that laser acts on the area, and the penetration force and the straightness of an electric arc are improved.
Further, the welding speed of the compound welding is 0.2 m/min-2 m/min.
Further, the thickness of the workpiece to be welded is 6 mm-12 mm.
Further, the laser welding parameters include: the output power is 500W-20 KW, and the laser defocusing amount is-6 mm-0 mm; the welding parameters of the deep-melting argon arc welding include: the welding current is 300A-800A, the diameter of the tungsten electrode is 8mm, the height of the tungsten electrode is 3 mm-10 mm, and the welding mode is direct current positive connection.
Further, before step 1, the method further comprises:
polishing and cleaning the groove and the surface to be welded of the workpiece to be welded, and fixing the workpiece to be welded on a welding platform by using a clamp.
Further, the laser head has an included angle with the normal direction of the surface of the tool to be welded, and the included angle is 30-60 degrees.
Further, the types of the laser head comprise a laser focusing welding head, a laser double-swing welding head and a laser vibrating mirror welding head.
Further, the laser irradiation mode comprises focusing laser irradiation and laser swing irradiation, wherein the swing path of the laser irradiation comprises a straight shape, a 1 shape, a 8 shape, a round shape and a polygonal shape, and the swing amplitude of the laser irradiation is 0 mm-12 mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the normal welding speed of the large-penetration argon arc welding is 200-300 mm/min, and compared with the large-penetration argon arc welding, under the same welding current and welding speed, the straightening degree of an electric arc is obviously improved by the addition of laser, so that the welding speed is improved by 60-100%.
2. For thick plate welding, the current is required to be increased and the welding speed is required to be reduced by pure KD-TIG to ensure the formation of perforation, but the corresponding molten pool volume is overlarge, weld flash can occur on the back, and a lock hole is unstable; the technical scheme provided by the invention belongs to argon arc perforation, and the joint quality is certainly superior to that of a laser perforation joint; and by adding laser or increasing laser power, thick plate penetration is realized without increasing welding current, and the current threshold of arc perforation is reduced.
3. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, during welding, the penetrating power and the straightness of an electric arc are improved; compared with KD-TIG,10mm carbon steel is welded without opening, when the laser power is 1500W and the welding current is 500A, the composite welding speed can reach 400mm/min,6mm stainless steel is welded without opening, the laser power is 1500W, the welding current is 430A, the composite welding speed can reach 800mm/min, and the arc keyhole welding can be maintained under the conditions of low current and high welding speed by using the method.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a molten pool in a composite welding process of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the morphology of a 10mm stainless steel weld by KD-TIG welding guided by a laser lock hole, wherein the schematic diagram is shown in the figure of the morphology of a front weld, and the schematic diagram is shown in the figure of a back weld;
FIG. 3 shows the morphology of a KD-TIG welded 10mm stainless steel weld provided by the embodiment of the invention, (a) shows the morphology of a front weld, and (b) shows the morphology of a back weld;
FIG. 4 shows the morphology of a laser keyhole guided KD-TIG welded 8mm carbon steel weld provided by an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the keyhole welding process in the prior art, only KD-TIG welding is relied on, and the welding speed is too fast, so that the keyhole is unstable when the arc is dragged and the weldable thickness is too thick; therefore, the invention provides a composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding by using a laser lockhole.
Next, a method for hybrid welding of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding disclosed in this embodiment will be described in detail with reference to fig. 1 to 4, and the method for hybrid welding of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding includes the following steps:
and step 1, polishing and cleaning a groove and a surface to be welded of a workpiece to be welded, and fixing the workpiece to be welded on a welding platform by using a clamp.
Step 2, fixing the laser head and the welding gun, and vertically placing the welding gun above a workpiece to be welded so that the intersection point of the laser irradiation position and the tungsten electrode extension line is positioned on the fusion layer of the front wall of the key hole; and along the welding direction, the welding gun is positioned in front of the laser head.
Specifically, the intersection point of the laser irradiation position and the tungsten electrode extension line is positioned at one third to two thirds of the thickness of the workpiece, and the laser head and the normal direction of the surface of the tool to be welded form an included angle which is 30 degrees.
Wherein, the thicker the plate thickness is, the smaller the included angle of the composite heat source for maintaining the stability of the lock hole is.
And step 3, setting welding parameters, introducing protective gas, starting a welding gun running device and an arc starting device, starting a laser head after the arc starting reaches working current, and enabling the laser head and the welding gun to synchronously move relative to a workpiece to be welded so as to perform compound welding.
The operation device is a robot for driving the welding gun and the laser head to move, the arcing device is an argon arc high-frequency arcing module, and the electric arc starts to burn after the argon arc high-frequency arcing module is started.
Further, an electric arc generated by the welding gun is used as a main heat source, and low-power laser generated by the laser processing head is used as an auxiliary heat source; the welding speed of the compound welding is 0.4-2 m/min, the thickness of the workpiece to be welded is 4-16 mm, and the laser welding parameters comprise: the output power is 500W-20 KW, and the laser defocusing amount is-6 mm-0 mm; the welding parameters of the deep-melting argon arc welding include: the welding current is 300A-800A, the diameter of the tungsten electrode is 8mm, the height of the tungsten electrode is 3 mm-10 mm, and the welding mode is direct current positive connection. The laser head comprises a laser focusing welding head, a laser double-pendulum welding head and a laser vibrating mirror welding head, wherein the laser irradiation mode comprises focusing laser irradiation and laser swinging irradiation, the swinging path of the laser irradiation comprises a straight line shape, a 1-shaped shape, a 8-shaped shape, a round shape and a polygonal shape, and the swinging amplitude of the laser irradiation is 0-12 mm.
The parameters of the laser power and the arc current depend on the welding speed and the plate thickness, and the faster the welding speed is, the higher the required laser power is, the thicker the plate thickness is, and the larger the arc current is.
Next, a composite welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding will be described in detail with the following examples:
example 1:
in the embodiment, a 10mm thick stainless steel plate is adopted for carrying out laser keyhole guiding KD-TIG composite welding, a 1500W continuous fiber laser is adopted, the laser wavelength is 1064nm, the laser focusing diameter is 0.45mm, and an OrtaiWSM-1000 power supply is adopted to match with a KD-TIG welding gun. The specific flow is as follows:
(1) Polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and clamping the workpiece on a welding platform by using a clamp.
(2) The tool fixture is used for rigidly fixing the laser head and the KD-TIG welding gun, the welding gun is vertical to the surface of the workpiece, the included angle between the laser head and the normal direction of the surface of the workpiece is 30 degrees,
(3) The welding parameters are set, specifically: the laser power is 1350W, the defocusing amount is-6 mm, the KD-TIG tungsten electrode diameter is 8mm, the welding current is 540A, the distance between a laser spot and the tip of the tungsten electrode is 3mm, the welding speed is 0.5m/min, the shielding gas is 99.9% argon, and the gas flow is 20L/min after being sprayed by a KD-TIG welding gun.
(3) And pre-introducing protective gas, starting an electric arc, starting laser after the electric arc is successfully started, synchronously moving a laser head and a KD-TIG welding gun relative to a workpiece to be welded, and guiding KD-TIG composite welding by a laser lockhole to obtain a welding seam shown in figure 2.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, a low-carbon steel plate with the thickness of 8mm is adopted for carrying out KD-TIG welding guided by a laser lock hole; adopting a 1500W continuous fiber laser, wherein the laser wavelength is 1064nm, and the laser focusing diameter is 0.45mm; the Autai WSM-1000 power supply is matched with a KD-TIG welding gun. The specific flow is as follows:
(1) Polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and clamping the workpiece on a welding platform by using a clamp.
(2) And rigidly fixing the laser head and the KD-TIG welding gun by using a fixture, wherein the welding gun is perpendicular to the surface of the workpiece to be welded, and the included angle between the laser head and the normal direction of the surface of the workpiece to be welded is 30 degrees.
(3) The welding parameters are set, specifically: the laser power is 1350W, the defocusing amount is-4 mm, the laser scanning mode is set as a straight line, the swing amplitude is 1mm, the swing frequency is 100HZ, the KD-TIG tungsten electrode diameter is 8mm, the welding current is 480A, the distance between a laser spot and the tip of a tungsten electrode on the surface of a workpiece to be welded is 2mm, the welding speed is 0.54m/min, 99.9% argon is adopted as shielding gas, and the gas flow is 20L/min and is sprayed out by a KD-TIG welding gun.
(4) And pre-introducing protective gas, starting an electric arc, starting laser after the electric arc is successfully started, synchronously moving a laser head and a KD-TIG welding gun relative to a workpiece to be welded, and guiding KD-TIG welding by using a laser lockhole, wherein the obtained welding seam is shown in figure 4.
Comparative example 1:
in the embodiment, a 10mm thick stainless steel plate is adopted for KD-TIG welding, and an Autai WSM-1000 power supply is adopted for matching with a KD-TIG welding gun. The specific flow is as follows:
(1) Polishing and cleaning the surface of a workpiece to be welded, and clamping the workpiece on a welding platform by using a clamp.
(2) And (3) rigidly fixing the KD-TIG welding gun by using a fixture, wherein the welding gun is vertical to the surface of the workpiece.
(3) The welding parameters are set, specifically: the KD-TIG tungsten electrode has a diameter of 8mm, a welding current of 540A and a welding speed of 0.24m/min, adopts 99.9% argon as a shielding gas, is sprayed out by a KD-TIG welding gun, has a gas flow of 20L/min, is provided with a back shielding gas and a welding gun shielding gas drag cover, and adopts 99.9% argon as the shielding gas.
(4) And pre-introducing protective gas, starting an electric arc, and performing KD-TIG welding after the electric arc is started successfully, wherein a welding seam is shown in figure 3.
Compared with the KD-TIG and laser guide lockhole KD-TIG welded non-beveled butt joint 8mm carbon steel, the welding speed can be increased by 120%, the current is reduced by 10%, and the heat input is reduced by 50%.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding by using the laser lockhole is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, fixing a laser head and a welding gun, and vertically placing the welding gun above a workpiece to be welded so that an intersection point of a laser irradiation position and a tungsten electrode extension line is positioned on a fusion layer of the front wall of a key hole; the welding gun is positioned in front of the laser head along the welding direction;
and 2, setting welding parameters, introducing protective gas, starting a welding gun, starting a laser head after the arc starting reaches working current, and enabling the laser head and the welding gun to synchronously move relative to a workpiece to be welded to perform compound welding.
2. The hybrid welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding of claim 1 wherein the arc generated by the welding gun is the main heat source and the low power laser generated by the laser processing head is the auxiliary heat source.
3. The composite welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding of claim 1 wherein the intersection of the laser irradiation position and the tungsten electrode extension line is located at one third to two thirds of the thickness of the workpiece.
4. The composite welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding according to claim 1, wherein the welding speed of the composite welding is 0.2 m/min-2 m/min.
5. The composite welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the workpiece to be welded is 6-12 mm.
6. The composite welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding of claim 1, wherein the laser welding parameters include: the output power is 500W-20 KW, and the laser defocusing amount is-6 mm-0 mm; the welding parameters of the deep-melting argon arc welding include: the welding current is 300A-800A, the diameter of the tungsten electrode is 8mm, the height of the tungsten electrode is 3 mm-10 mm, and the welding mode is direct current positive connection.
7. The hybrid welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding of claim 1, further comprising, prior to step 1:
polishing and cleaning the groove and the surface to be welded of the workpiece to be welded, and fixing the workpiece to be welded on a welding platform by using a clamp.
8. The composite welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding according to claim 1, wherein the laser head has an included angle with the normal direction of the surface of the tool to be welded, and the included angle is 30-60 degrees.
9. The hybrid welding method of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding of claim 1 wherein the laser head types include laser focus welding head, laser double pendulum welding head and laser galvanometer welding head.
10. The method for hybrid welding of laser keyhole guided deep-melting argon arc welding according to claim 1, wherein the laser irradiation mode comprises focusing laser irradiation and laser swing irradiation, the swing path of the laser irradiation comprises a straight shape, a 1-shaped shape, a 8-shaped shape, a round shape and a polygonal shape, and the swing amplitude of the laser irradiation is 0 mm-12 mm.
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| CN202311372872.6A CN117506147A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding through laser lockhole |
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| CN202311372872.6A CN117506147A (en) | 2023-10-20 | 2023-10-20 | Composite welding method for guiding deep-melting argon arc welding through laser lockhole |
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