CN114012265A - Double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method and device - Google Patents
Double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN114012265A CN114012265A CN202111136962.6A CN202111136962A CN114012265A CN 114012265 A CN114012265 A CN 114012265A CN 202111136962 A CN202111136962 A CN 202111136962A CN 114012265 A CN114012265 A CN 114012265A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/346—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding
- B23K26/348—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention provides a double-beam laser electric arc composite single-side transverse welding method and a device, wherein the welding method comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on the welding workpiece, and fixing the welding workpiece; arranging a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece; and setting welding process parameters, and starting the air injection device and the double-beam laser arc composite device to perform transverse welding. The transverse welding device used in the welding method comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device, wherein the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction; the air injection device is arranged on the side below the first laser, and the flow and the direction of the sprayed protective air can be adjusted. The welding method provided by the invention solves the problems of side wall unfused and undercut, reduces the porosity of the welding seam, and improves the welding efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of laser welding, in particular to a double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method and a device.
Background
laser-GMAW (gas metal arc welding) composite transverse welding is an important connection form, compared with horizontal welding, due to the influence of gravity, the molten drop transition behavior in the transverse welding process is more complex, and the stable molten drop transition is the key of weld forming and the inhibition of welding defects such as incomplete fusion and incomplete penetration of the side wall of the transverse welding. The laser power and the optical fiber spacing (the distance between the laser and the welding wire) are the main influencing factors, and the larger the laser power is, the smaller the optical fiber spacing is, and the larger the influence of the laser on the transition behavior of the arc droplet is.
In the laser-GMAW composite transverse welding process, the laser keyhole metal plasma generates periodic fluctuation, the metal vapor also generates periodic fluctuation, the larger the laser power is, the larger the fluctuation of the keyhole metal plasma and the metal vapor is, the larger the interaction between the laser keyhole metal plasma and the electric arc plasma and the larger the barrier effect of the metal vapor recoil force on molten drops generate larger fluctuation. The larger the laser power is, the larger the fluctuation of the diameter of the molten drop is, and the stronger the action of the recoil force of the metal vapor of the laser keyhole is when the molten drop is separated from the welding wire.
The related literature shows that in the laser-GMAW composite transverse welding process, along with the increase of the distance between optical fibers, the attraction effect of laser keyhole metal plasma on electric arcs is weakened, the blocking effect of metal vapor recoil force on molten drop transition is weakened, the molten drop transition is weakened under the influence of laser, the molten drop transition frequency is increased, but molten drops easily fall on the lower side wall and cannot be smoothly transited into a molten pool, and therefore the welding defect that the side walls are not fused occurs. Along with the reduction of the optical fiber distance, the attraction effect of the metal plasma of the laser keyhole on the electric arc is enhanced, the stability of molten drop transition is improved, the molten drop is stably transited to a molten pool, and the problem that the transverse welding side wall is not fused is solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a double-beam laser-electric arc composite single-side transverse welding method and a device, which aim to solve the problems of side wall non-fusion defect and undercut in laser-GMAW composite transverse welding, increase the droplet transition frequency, improve the welding fusion filling efficiency and improve the droplet transition stability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the specific scheme that: a double-beam laser electric arc composite single-side transverse welding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on the welding workpiece, and fixing the welding workpiece;
step two: arranging a double-beam laser arc composite device on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece, wherein the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding gun, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW (gas metal arc welding) gun (3) which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, and then arranging an air injection device on the side edge below the first laser;
step three: and setting welding process parameters, and starting the air injection device and the double-beam laser arc composite device to perform transverse welding.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method: the first laser beam emitted by the first laser and the second laser beam emitted by the second laser are both vertical to the surface of the welding workpiece.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method: the auxiliary current output types of the TIG welding gun, the first laser, the second laser and the GMAW welding gun are continuous output or pulse output.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method: the air injection range of the air injection device is from the first laser beam to the tail of the molten pool, the air injection flow of the air injector device is 5-100L/min, and the included angle between the air injection direction and the vertical direction is 2-80 degrees.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method: the welding process parameters comprise: the power of the first laser is 800-10000W, the power of the second laser is 100-5000W, the welding speed is 0.1-10 m/min, the current of the TIG welding gun is 2-200A, GMAW, the current of the welding gun is 100-500A, and the distance between the first laser beam and the second laser beam is as follows: 0.1-10 mm, the distance between the second laser beam and the GMAW welding gun welding wire is as follows: 0.1-4 mm and the distance between the first laser beam and the TIG welding gun welding wire are as follows: 0.1-8 mm.
The transverse welding device used in the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method is characterized in that: comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device; the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction; the air injection device is arranged on the side edge below the first laser; the first laser beam emitted by the first laser and the second laser beam emitted by the second laser are both vertical to the surface of the welding workpiece.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method: the first laser power is greater than the second laser power.
As an optimization scheme of the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method: the direction of the protective gas flow sprayed out by the air spraying device can be adjusted.
Has the advantages that: according to the invention, the TIG electric arc preheats the welding workpiece, the first laser beam melts the welding workpiece to form a molten pool, and the first laser beam and the TIG welding gun electric arc form a composite heat source, so that the high-speed stable welding of the electric arc is ensured. The second laser beam and the GMAW welding gun arc are close to each other, so that the stability of molten drop transition is improved, and the problem that the transverse welding side wall is not fused is solved. And the second laser beam carries out secondary heating to the molten pool, so that the cooling speed of the molten pool is reduced, bubbles can escape from the molten pool before the molten pool is solidified, the porosity can be effectively reduced, meanwhile, the power of the second laser beam is lower, the resistance to molten drop transition is reduced, the melting and filling amount of the welding wire is improved, and the welding efficiency is further improved. In the welding process, the air injection device prevents the surface tension of the molten metal from failing to support the gravity of the molten metal, and further prevents the side wall of the welding seam from being unfused and undercut.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a double-beam laser-arc hybrid single-side transverse welding method and apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the formation of a weld seam with a large spacing between laser-GMAW composite transverse welding filaments
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the weld formation of the dual-beam laser-arc hybrid single-side cross-welding process of the present invention (the spacing between the first laser beam and the filaments of GMAW is the same as that of FIG. 2)
Description of the drawings: 1. the method comprises the steps of welding a workpiece, 2, welding seams, 3, a GMAW welding gun, 4, a second laser beam, 5, a first laser beam, 6, a TIG welding gun, 7, a gas spraying device, 8, shielding gas, 9, a GMAW power supply and 10, a TIG power supply.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, processing a welding groove on one surface of a welding workpiece 1, then processing the surface of the welding workpiece 1 and the welding groove, and fixing the welding workpiece 1 according to a transverse welding mode;
step two: arranging a double-beam laser arc composite device on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece 1, wherein the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun 6, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun 3 which are sequentially arranged along a welding direction, connecting the TIG welding gun 6 with a power supply 10, connecting the GMAW welding gun 3 with a power supply 9, and finally arranging an air injection device 7 on the side edge below the first laser;
step three: setting welding technological parameters, and starting the air injection device 7 and the double-beam laser arc composite device to perform transverse welding.
In this embodiment, the laser type is selected from a fiber laser, and the auxiliary current output types of the laser, the TIG welding gun 6, and the GMAW welding gun 3 are continuous output.
The position of the lasers is further defined in that the first laser emitting a first laser beam 5 and the second laser emitting a second laser beam 4 are both perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece 1.
The gas injection range of the gas injection device 7 is further defined, namely, the gas injection range is from the first laser beam 5 to the tail part of the molten pool and acts on the whole molten pool. The air jet flow of the air jet device 7 is 5-100L/min, and the included angle between the air jet direction and the vertical direction is 2-80 degrees. The ejected shielding gas 8 has an acting force on the molten metal in the molten pool, and the acting force and the surface tension of the molten metal support the gravity of the molten metal together, so that the side wall of the welding seam 2 is prevented from being unfused and undercut defects.
In the third step, the set welding process parameters comprise: the power of the first laser is 800-10000W, the power of the second laser is 100-5000W, the welding speed is 0.1-10 m/min, the current of the TIG welding gun (6) is 2-200A, GMAW, the current of the welding gun 3 is 100-500A, and the distance between the first laser beam 5 and the second laser beam 4 is as follows: 0.1-10 mm, the distance between the second laser beam 4 and the welding wire of the GMAW welding gun 3 is as follows: 0.1-4 mm and the distance between the first laser beam 5 and the TIG welding gun 6 welding wire are as follows: 0.1-8 mm. The power of the first laser beam 5 is greater than that of the second laser beam 4, the first laser beam 5 is used for melting the welding workpiece 1 to form a molten pool, the high-power laser beam pulls the electric arc to reduce electric arc resistance, the root drift of the electric arc is prevented, and the high-speed stable welding of the electric arc is ensured; the second laser beam 4 carries out secondary heating on the molten pool, so that the area of the molten pool is enlarged, the cooling speed of the molten pool is reduced, bubbles can escape from the molten pool before the molten pool is solidified, the pore defects can be effectively inhibited, the porosity of the welding seam 2 is reduced, meanwhile, the power of the second laser beam 4 is lower, the heat input to the molten pool is also lower, and a small key hole is formed or no key hole is formed, so that the metal plasma of the laser key hole is reduced, the resistance to the transition of molten drops is reduced, the transition of molten drops is promoted, the melting and filling amount of welding wires is improved, and the welding efficiency is further improved. And the TIG electric arc is arranged in front of the first laser beam, and preheats the welding workpiece to improve the utilization rate of laser energy. GMAW electric arc is nearer with the distance of second laser beam, and the light silk interval reduces promptly, and the characteristic of reinforcing laser attraction compression electric arc, and then increases GMAW electric arc's stick forward, and then improves the stability of molten drop transition to solve the not fusion problem of horizontal welding lateral wall, obtained good welding seam 2 appearance.
The transverse welding device used in the double-beam laser electric arc composite single-side transverse welding method comprises a double-beam laser electric arc composite device and an air injection device 7, wherein the double-beam laser electric arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun 6, a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun 3 which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction; the air injection device 7 is arranged on the side edge below the first laser; the first laser emits a first laser beam 5 and the second laser emits a second laser beam 4 which are both perpendicular to the surface of the welding workpiece 1.
Further defined for the laser, the first laser power is greater than the second laser.
The gas injection device is further limited, the flow and the direction of the shielding gas 8 sprayed by the gas injection device 7 can be adjusted, and the flow and the direction of the shielding gas 8 can be adjusted according to welding process parameters. Avoid the ejected protective gas 8 from having too large or too small force on the molten metal.
The laser type in the above embodiment may also be Nd: YAG laser, CO2A laser.
The auxiliary current output types of the laser, TIG torch 6, and GMAW torch 3 may also be pulsed outputs.
Comparing the invention with the prior art (laser-GMAW composite transverse welding method), under the same welding condition, the forming schematic diagrams of the welding seam 2 of the invention are respectively shown in fig. 3 and fig. 2, and the drawing clearly shows that the welding seam 2 of the invention has good forming without side wall fusion and undercut defects.
FIG. 2 is a weld 2 formed when a laser-GMAW composite transverse welding smooth wire is large, and due to the large distance, in the process of molten drop flight, the influence of electromagnetic force and plasma flow force on the molten drop is weakened, and the molten drop is easy to fall on the lower side wall and cannot be smoothly transited into a molten pool under the action of gravity and the recoil force of metal vapor of a laser keyhole. Causing the weld joint 2 to have side wall non-fusion and undercut defects.
In the method of the invention, the distance between the first laser beam 5 and the wire of the GMAW welding gun 3 is the same as that in FIG. 2, but the second laser beam 4 is introduced between the first laser beam 5 and the arc of the GMAW welding gun 3, and the arc of the TIG welding gun 6 is introduced before the first laser beam 5. At this time, the first laser beam 5 is mainly used to melt the welding workpiece 1 without generating an attraction-compression action on the GMAW arc, the second laser beam 4 is mainly used to attract-compress the GMAW arc, and the second laser beam 4 is located at a short distance from the GMAW arc, the action of the laser attraction-compression arc is strong, the droplet can be stably transferred into the molten pool, and the gas injection device 7 is provided to prevent the occurrence of sidewall non-fusion and undercut defects of the weld 2.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. A double-beam laser electric arc composite single-side transverse welding method is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: carrying out surface treatment on the welding workpiece (1) and fixing the welding workpiece (1);
step two: arranging a double-beam laser arc composite device on one side to be welded of a welding workpiece (1), wherein the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG (tungsten inert gas arc) welding gun (6), a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW (gas metal arc) welding gun (3) which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction, and then arranging an air injection device (7) on the side edge below the first laser;
step three: setting welding process parameters, and starting the air injection device (7) and the double-beam laser arc composite device to perform transverse welding.
2. The double-beam laser arc hybrid single-side transverse welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the first laser beam (5) emitted by the first laser and the second laser beam (4) emitted by the second laser are both vertical to the surface of the welding workpiece (1).
3. The double-beam laser arc hybrid single-side transverse welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary current output types of the TIG welding gun (6), the first laser, the second laser and the GMAW welding gun (3) are continuous output or pulse output.
4. The double-beam laser arc hybrid single-side transverse welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the air injection range of the air injection device (7) is from the first laser beam (5) to the tail part of the molten pool, the air injection flow of the air injector device (7) is 5-100L/min, and the included angle between the air injection direction and the vertical direction is 2-80 degrees.
5. The double-beam laser arc hybrid single-side transverse welding method of claim 1, characterized in that: the welding process parameters comprise: the power of the first laser is 800-10000W, the power of the second laser is 100-5000W, the welding speed is 0.1-10 m/min, the current of the TIG welding gun (6) is 2-200A, GMAW, the current of the welding gun (3) is 100-500A, and the distance between the first laser beam (5) and the second laser beam (4) is as follows: 0.1-10 mm, the distance between the second laser beam (4) and the welding wire of the GMAW welding gun (3) is as follows: 0.1-4 mm and the distance between the first laser beam (5) and the TIG welding gun (6) welding wire are as follows: 0.1-8 mm.
6. The transverse welding device used in the double-beam laser arc composite single-side transverse welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises a double-beam laser arc composite device and an air injection device (7);
the double-beam laser arc composite device comprises a TIG welding gun (6), a first laser, a second laser and a GMAW welding gun (3) which are sequentially arranged along the welding direction;
the air injection device (7) is arranged on the side edge below the first laser;
the first laser beam (5) emitted by the first laser and the second laser beam (4) emitted by the second laser are both vertical to the surface of the welding workpiece (1).
7. The double-beam laser arc hybrid single-sided transverse welding device of claim 6, wherein: the first laser power is greater than the second laser power.
8. The double-beam laser arc hybrid single-sided transverse welding device of claim 6, wherein: the flow and the direction of the protective gas (8) sprayed by the air spraying device can be adjusted.
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