CN114011387A - 一种复合污泥脱水剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种复合污泥脱水剂及其制备方法,制备方法包括如下步骤:先将硅藻土与海泡石混合研磨煅烧,冷却后浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理,烘干、研磨得复合粉体;将复合粉体、丙烯酰胺单体、尿素、去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入引发剂,反应1~2h;加入聚乙二醇,反应1~2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。本发明的复合污泥脱水剂中聚丙烯酰胺聚合物与无机多孔复合粉体形成互穿网络结构,无机粉体在聚合物分子中分布均匀,聚丙烯酰胺与无机复合粉体协同作用,吸附脱水效果更强;同时复合污泥脱水剂稳定性好,可存储18个月以上不分层。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于污水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种无机粉体-有机高分子复合污泥脱水剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着我国社会经济的快速发展,生活污水和工业污水的排放量持续增长,在对污水的处理过程中会产生大量污泥。污泥形态特殊,颗粒小,多呈絮状及胶状,密度小,含水量高,通常高达95~97%。由于水分与污泥颗粒结合的特性,采用机械方法脱除具有一定的限制,因而常在脱水处理过程中添加脱水剂进行絮凝脱水。脱水剂包括有机脱水剂和无机脱水剂。常用的有机脱水剂主要是聚丙烯胺,它通过吸附架桥等作用增大污泥絮体,提高污泥沉降与脱水效果;按离子特性分可分为非离子、阴离子、阳离子和两性型四种类型,能够调理各种成分复杂污泥;但其仍存在处理工艺较复杂,最佳投药量范围窄,水处理成本高等缺陷。无机脱水剂常用的有铝盐、铁盐、钙盐等,其作用机理是水解产物具有较多的正电荷和较大的表面积,能迅速吸附水体中带负电荷的胶体及其他悬浮物。但是无机脱水剂存在分子量和颗粒度不够高、聚集体的吸附架桥能力不强、投药量较多、后处理困难等缺点。还有一类无机脱水剂是多孔陶瓷微珠,由于其比表面积大,吸附性强;但是其单独用于污泥脱水的效果不佳。
有机和无机脱水剂在性能上具有很强的互补性,因此也有不少研究聚焦于无机与有机高分子脱水剂的复配。如CN104004130A公开了一种复合高分子污泥脱水剂及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)用去离子水分别将非离子单体、阴离子单体和阳离子单体配成水溶液,将三者的水溶液混合,调pH值2-6,通氮,搅拌;(2)步骤(1)制得的混合溶液加入过硫酸盐类引发剂、亚硫酸盐类还原剂、偶氮引发剂和EDTA-2Na,控制反应温度,促发链引发和链增长反应;(3)在反应在进行到2-4h时,加入铁盐,充分搅拌,继续通氮反应1-3h,然后升温至70℃,再继续反应40~60min后出料,得到胶体依次经干燥、粉碎、造粒,即得污泥脱水剂。但是该方法是在制备完成聚丙烯酰胺后加入铁盐共混,脱水效果未见显著提升。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种聚丙烯酰胺与无机多孔材料复合的污泥脱水剂,提供吸附脱水性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案。
一种复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
S1.取硅藻土、海泡石混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至500~600℃煅烧1~2h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理20~30min,过滤,水洗,升温至250~300℃,烘干、研磨得复合粉体;
S2.将复合粉体、丙烯酰胺单体、尿素、去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入引发剂,反应1~2h;加入聚乙二醇,反应1~2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
优选的,步骤S1中,所述硅藻土与海泡石质量比为1:1~5。
优选的,步骤S1中,所述复合粉体的粒径研磨至1~10μm。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述复合粉体、丙烯酰胺单体、尿素、聚乙二醇与去离子水的质量比为1~2:10:0.5~2:2~5:20~40。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述丙烯酰胺单体为丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺中的一种。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述所述聚乙二醇的平均分子量为1800~4400。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和硫代硫酸钠的混合物,过硫酸铵和硫代硫酸钠的质量比1:1~3。引发剂为氧化还原体系,反应平稳可控。
优选的,步骤S2中,所述引发剂的用量为丙烯酰胺质量的0.5~0.8%。
本发明还提供上述复合污泥脱水剂在污泥脱水中的应用,将所述复合污泥脱水剂加入待处理污泥中,搅拌均匀即可;所述复合污泥脱水剂在污泥中的加入量为50~100g/Kg。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:本发明采用的硅藻土和海泡石为多孔矿物,具有特殊的三维孔道结构,能够吸附丙烯酰胺单体分子进入孔洞内聚合;聚丙烯酰胺分子链与聚乙二醇分子链能够互穿缠结,形成牢笼将复合粉体锁在聚合物中。本发明的复合污泥脱水剂中聚丙烯酰胺聚合物与无机多孔复合粉体形成互穿网络结构,无机粉体在聚合物分子中分布均匀,聚丙烯酰胺与无机复合粉体协同作用,吸附脱水效果更强;同时复合污泥脱水剂稳定性好,可存储18个月以上不分层。
具体实施方式
以下将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述,显然,所描述实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所得到的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明所保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种复合污泥脱水剂,由如下方法步骤制备:
S1.按重量份取硅藻土100份、海泡石100份混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至500℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理30min,过滤,水洗,升温至250℃,烘干、研磨至粒径为1~10μm,得复合粉体;
S2.将10g复合粉体、100g丙烯酰胺、10g尿素、250g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入0.2g过硫酸铵和0.4g硫代硫酸钠,反应1h;加入30g聚乙二醇PEG2000,反应2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
本实施例的复合污泥脱水剂的固含量为35%,常温储存18个月未分层。
实施例2
本实施例提供的一种复合污泥脱水剂,由如下方法步骤制备:
S1.按重量份取硅藻土100份、海泡石100份混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至500℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理30min,过滤,水洗,升温至250℃,烘干、研磨至粒径为1~10μm,得复合粉体;
S2.将20g复合粉体、100g丙烯酰胺、15g尿素、300g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入0.2g过硫酸铵和0.6g硫代硫酸钠,反应1h;加入30g聚乙二醇PEG2000,反应2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
本实施例的复合污泥脱水剂的固含量为33%,常温储存18个月未分层。
实施例3
本实施例提供的一种复合污泥脱水剂,由如下方法步骤制备:
S1.按重量份取硅藻土100份、海泡石300份混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至600℃煅烧1h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理20min,过滤,水洗,升温至250℃,烘干、研磨至粒径为1~10μm,得复合粉体;
S2.将10g复合粉体、100g甲基丙烯酰胺、15g尿素、250g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入0.3g过硫酸铵和0.3g硫代硫酸钠,反应1h;加入20g聚乙二醇PEG2000,反应1h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
本实施例的复合污泥脱水剂的固含量为33%,常温储存18个月未分层。
实施例4
本实施例提供的一种复合污泥脱水剂,由如下方法步骤制备:
S1.按重量份取硅藻土100份、海泡石300份混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至600℃煅烧1h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理20min,过滤,水洗,升温至250℃,烘干、研磨至粒径为1~10μm,得复合粉体;
S2.将20g复合粉体、100g甲基丙烯酰胺、18g尿素、400g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入0.2g过硫酸铵和0.4g硫代硫酸钠,反应2h;加入45g聚乙二醇PEG2000,反应2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
本实施例的复合污泥脱水剂的固含量为30%,常温储存18个月未分层。
实施例5
本实施例提供的一种复合污泥脱水剂,由如下方法步骤制备:
S1.按重量份取硅藻土100份、海泡石500份混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至600℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理30min,过滤,水洗,升温至300℃,烘干、研磨至粒径为1~10μm,得复合粉体;
S2.将10g复合粉体、100g N-乙基丙烯酰胺、8g尿素、250g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入0.3g过硫酸铵和0.4g硫代硫酸钠,反应1h;加入25g聚乙二醇PEG4000,反应2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
本实施例的复合污泥脱水剂的固含量为35%,常温储存18个月未分层。
实施例6
本实施例提供的一种复合污泥脱水剂,由如下方法步骤制备:
S1.按重量份取硅藻土100份、海泡石500份混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至600℃煅烧2h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理30min,过滤,水洗,升温至300℃,烘干、研磨至粒径为1~10μm,得复合粉体;
S2.将20g复合粉体、100g N-乙基丙烯酰胺、12g尿素、400g去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入0.2g过硫酸铵和0.4g硫代硫酸钠,反应1h;加入50g聚乙二醇PEG4000,反应2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
本实施例的复合污泥脱水剂的固含量为30%,常温储存18个月未分层。
对比例1
本对比例为经过实施例1步骤S1处理的复合粉体。
对比例2
本对比例未按照实施例1步骤S2合成的聚丙烯酰胺,与实施例1的区别是未添加复合粉体。
对比例3
本对比例为对比例1的复合粉体与对比例2的聚丙烯酰胺按实施例1的比例之间混合。
对比例4
本对比例为经过实施例3步骤S1处理的复合粉体。
对比例5
本对比例未按照实施例3步骤S2合成的聚丙烯酰胺,与实施例3的区别是未添加复合粉体。
对比例6
本对比例为对比例4的复合粉体与对比例5的聚丙烯酰胺按实施例3的比例之间混合。
对比例7
本对比例为经过实施例5步骤S1处理的复合粉体。
对比例8
本对比例未按照实施例5步骤S2合成的聚丙烯酰胺,与实施例5的区别是未添加复合粉体。
对比例9
本对比例为对比例7的复合粉体与对比例8的聚丙烯酰胺按实施例5的比例之间混合。
将实施例1~6得到的复合污泥脱水剂与对比例1~9的脱水剂加入到含水率为95%的待处理造纸工业污泥中,实施例1~6的复合污泥脱水剂添加量为50~100g/Kg,对比例1~9的脱水剂的添加量换算为对应固含量;搅拌均匀,调质处理后泵入隔膜压滤机脱水,保压压力为2MPa,保压时间为45分钟,泄压放料,测试所得污泥泥饼的含水率,测试结果如表1所示。将污泥泥饼放置棚内自然堆放10天后,测试污泥泥饼的含水率,测试结果如表2所示。
表1絮凝沉淀含水率测试结果
表2堆放泥饼含水率测试结果
从表1、表2可以看出,本发明实施例制备的复合污泥脱水剂具有较好的脱水效果。从实施例1与对比例1、对比例2、对比例3,实施例3与对比例4、对比例5、对比例6,实施例5与对比例7、对比例8、对比例9,这三组对比来看,本发明实施例制备的复合污泥脱水剂的脱水效果均优于无机多孔矿物、聚丙烯酰胺的单独使用或简单复合使用。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何属于本技术领域的技术人员在本发明公开的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内,本发明的保护范围以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1.取硅藻土、海泡石混合均匀,置于球磨机内研磨,过筛至80μm筛余小于10%,在CO2气氛下升温至500~600℃煅烧1~2h,冷却至室温;浸入1mol/L的硝酸溶液中,超声处理20~30min,过滤,水洗,升温至250~300℃,烘干、研磨得复合粉体;
S2.将复合粉体、丙烯酰胺单体、尿素、去离子水加入反应釜中,搅拌均匀,通入N2,加入引发剂,反应1~2h;加入聚乙二醇,反应1~2h;反应结束后,加入乙二胺四乙酸二钠调节pH至7~8,即得复合污泥脱水剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述硅藻土与海泡石质量比为1:1~5。
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述复合粉体的粒径为1~10μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述复合粉体、丙烯酰胺单体、尿素、聚乙二醇与去离子水的质量比为1~2:10:0.5~2:2~5:20~40。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述丙烯酰胺单体为丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙基丙烯酰胺中的一种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述所述聚乙二醇的平均分子量为1800~4400。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述引发剂为过硫酸铵和硫代硫酸钠的混合物,过硫酸铵和硫代硫酸钠的质量比1:1~3。
8.根据权利要求1所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,所述引发剂的用量为丙烯酰胺质量的0.5~0.8%。
9.权利要求1-8任一项所述的复合污泥脱水剂的制备方法制备的复合污泥脱水剂。
10.权利要求9所述的复合污泥脱水剂在污泥脱水处理中的应用。
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