CN114009308B - Vegetable seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Vegetable seedling raising substrate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114009308B CN114009308B CN202111351450.1A CN202111351450A CN114009308B CN 114009308 B CN114009308 B CN 114009308B CN 202111351450 A CN202111351450 A CN 202111351450A CN 114009308 B CN114009308 B CN 114009308B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/17—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing slag
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vegetable seedling raising substrate, and belongs to the field of seedling raising substrates. Comprises the following components: turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, water-absorbent resin particles and coconut shred, and the volume parts are as follows: 10-20 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of coconut husk, 3-5 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2-3 parts of coconut shred. The invention can form a whole body among the loose components, is beneficial to maintaining the molding size, and is not easy to crush due to the connection of the coconut fibers in the transportation process even if the coconut fibers crack; the porosity can be increased, and the root system growth of the vegetables is facilitated. The invention also provides a vegetable seedling raising substrate which can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of seedling raising substrates, in particular to a vegetable seedling raising substrate.
Background
Soilless seedling culture is a new technology used for culturing plants in recent generations. Namely, the seedlings are cultivated by water culture or fog culture without using soil and using solid materials other than soil as a substrate and pouring nutrient solution or using any substrate. The seedlings grow rapidly, the seedling age is short, the root system is well developed, the seedlings are strong and neat, the seedling reviving time after planting is short, and the seedlings are easy to survive. The soilless culture enables the agricultural production to get rid of the restriction of natural environment, and the production can be carried out according to the will of people, so the soilless culture method is a production mode of controlled agriculture.
The traditional matrix is used directly after raw materials are mixed, but for organic matters, the matrix is loose in texture, light and dusty, and is not favorable for storage and transportation. Therefore, a great deal of research has been conducted on forming substrates in the prior art. Various solid seedling blocks (compacted matrix) are also currently on the market. However, the matrix is fixed in physical properties under a certain pressure and temperature by applying pressure and maintaining pressure through a mold. However, the matrix has high requirement on the porosity, the porosity of the matrix is too small, namely the matrix is too compact, the matrix is not beneficial to the absorption of moisture and the entry of air, so that the growth of seedlings is influenced, the matrix extruded through the die has compact texture due to the pressure application and pressure maintaining, particularly after irrigation water is poured, the specific gravity of the matrix is increased, the matrix is sunk and further compacted, so that the porosity of the matrix is continuously reduced, and the seedling culture is not beneficial. In addition, after the mould is removed from pressure, the seedling raising block has certain elastic resilience, so that the size of the seedling raising block is not easy to fix, and the resilience matrix is easy to crack due to uneven stress, so that the seedling raising block is easy to loose and crush in the transportation and storage processes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a vegetable seedling raising matrix, which can solve the problems that a seedling raising block matrix in the prior art is small in porosity, not beneficial to seedling growth and easy to crack and crush.
A vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following components:
turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, water-absorbent resin particles and coconut shred, and the volume parts are as follows: 10-20 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of coconut coir, 3-5 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2-3 parts of coconut shreds.
More preferably, the length of the coconut thread is not less than 10cm, and the ratio of the length of the coconut thread to the diameter of the water-absorbent resin particles is 10:1.
more preferably, the fertilizer also comprises fertilizer particles which are distributed in layers in the matrix and are arranged in an inverted triangle shape on the whole.
More preferably, the fertilizer granule comprises:
the water-absorbing and water-absorbing composite material comprises a boron-zinc solution, a borax layer, a water-absorbing expansion layer and a slow release layer, wherein the boron-zinc solution, the borax layer, the water-absorbing expansion layer and the slow release layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the borax layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding borax particles through a first adhesive;
the water-absorbing expansion layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding water-absorbing resin particles and borax through a first adhesive;
the slow release layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding a porous material and borax through a second adhesive.
More preferably, the second binder is a water-soluble binder.
More preferably, the second binder is attapulgite.
More preferably, the first binder is a water-insoluble binder.
More preferably, the first binder is one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or calcium chloride.
A preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, spreading water-absorbent resin particles;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the water-absorbent resin particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the water-absorbent resin particles;
s4, repeating the step S2 to the step S3, wherein the coverage width of the water-absorbent resin particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the upper layer, so that the water-absorbent resin particles are integrally distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
A preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, mixing the water-absorbent resin particles and the fertilizer particles according to the volume ratio of 3;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the mixed particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the mixed particles;
s4, repeating S2-S3, wherein the coverage width of the mixed particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the previous layer, so that the whole mixed particles are distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
The invention provides a vegetable seedling raising substrate:
by adding the coconut fibers, the coconut fibers are long and criss-cross, and after being extruded by a die, high stress is generated between the coconut fibers and other components, so that the coconut fibers have the effect of 'bones and muscles', loose components form a whole, the forming size is favorably kept, and even if the coconut fibers crack in the transportation process, the coconut fibers are not easy to crush due to the fact that the coconut fibers are connected;
through the addition of water-absorbent resin granule, after the matrix watering, the water-absorbent resin granule absorbs water and expands, to applying stress between other components, because the network of coconut thread is densely covered, can form stress to the coconut thread when the water-absorbent resin granule expands, and single coconut thread has great distribution space again, after the single-point atress, can make whole coconut thread all take place the displacement, deformation, and then also transmit stress to other regions of matrix, thereby make the matrix of root system week side all receive the stress of water-absorbent resin granule and coconut thread, thereby make whole realization expand, the porosity grow, do benefit to the root system growth of vegetables.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the vegetable seedling substrate, and the substrate can be obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the state of a vegetable seedling substrate provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fertilizer granule;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of another embodiment of a fertilizer granule.
Description of the reference numerals:
10 boron zinc solution; 20 a borax layer; 30 a water-swellable layer; 40 a slow release layer; 60 fertilizer granules.
Detailed Description
One embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but it should be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the embodiment.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the vegetable seedling substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components:
turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, water-absorbent resin particles and coconut shred, and the volume parts are as follows: 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 3 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2 parts of coconut shreds.
Further, the length of the coconut shred is 20cm, and the ratio of the length of the coconut shred to the diameter of the water absorbent resin particles is 10. The coconut shreds can effectively form an organic whole with loose components, the simple components are easy to break and then loose when cracking, the existence of the coconut shreds enables the matrix to integrally form internal force, and the coconut shreds can provide internal stress when part of the components crack, so that the coconut shreds are not easy to break and loose.
Further, fertilizer particles 60 are further included, and the fertilizer particles 60 are distributed in a layered manner in the matrix and are arranged in an inverted triangular shape as a whole. As shown in fig. 1, when the vegetable root system grows, the main root system grows downwards and becomes thinner downwards, the main root system can grow branch root systems towards the peripheral side, and finally, a root system structure with an inverted triangle structure is formed. The distribution shape of the fertilizer particles 60 is just the same as the distribution shape of the root systems of the vegetables, so that fertilizer waste can be effectively avoided, and the absorption of the root systems is promoted.
In addition, the water flow will take away the nutrients in the fertilizer granules 60 during irrigation and dissolve into the soil. And the water flow flows in a vertical downward direction approximately under the action of gravity, and the fertilizer granules 60 distributed in an inverted triangle can enable the nutrients flushed by the fertilizer granules 60 positioned on the upper side to flow in the distribution range of the root system as much as possible, so that the nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by the root system to the maximum extent.
Further, fertilizer granule 60 includes:
the boron-zinc solution 10 is a boron-zinc liquid fertilizer, a liquid fertilizer in the prior art can be adopted, the boron-zinc solution 10 is coated with a water-absorbing expansion layer 30, the thickness of the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 can be set according to the growth habits of different crops and the requirements of different growth stages on trace elements, specific parameters can be determined in an experimental mode, the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 is of a solid shell structure, and the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 is formed by bonding water-absorbing resin particles and borax through a first adhesive. Wherein, the total volume ratio of the water absorbent resin particles to the borax is 1.
Wherein the first adhesive is a water-insoluble adhesive. The first binder may employ one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, calcium chloride, or the like.
The solid water-absorbing expansion layer 30 can better coat the boron-zinc solution 10 and prevent the boron-zinc solution 10 from overflowing in non-fertilization stages, such as transportation and storage stages. The water solubility of boron element in borax is good, and the borax is easy to be absorbed by crops. The demand of the boron element is less in the early growth stage of the crops, and when the water flow washes the water-absorbing expansion layer 30, the boron element in the borax is brought into the soil and absorbed by the crops. Because the total volume of the water-absorbent resin particles is far smaller than that of the borax, most of the water-absorbent resin particles are coated in the borax, and a small part of the water-absorbent resin particles are exposed or completely covered in the borax. Along with the growth of crops, rainwater or after irrigation, the exposed water-absorbing expansion particles absorb water and expand in volume, so that the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 on the outer side is disintegrated and split in a layered manner. When the initial water-absorbing swelling particles are completely coated in the borax, the borax on the outer side gradually disintegrates or cracks due to the washing of water flow, so that the water-absorbing swelling particles in the inner part gradually absorb water and swell along with the time. Along with the disintegration of the water-absorbing expansion layer 30, the boron element in the borax in the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 is gradually released into the water body, and along with the water flow, the boron element is brought to the root to be absorbed by crops. When the frequency of irrigation (rain wash) is increased, the crops grow to the later stage, the water-absorbing expansion particles are gradually increased, and stress is caused on the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 to enable the water-absorbing expansion particles to be completely cracked and disintegrated, so that the boron-zinc solution 10 in the water-absorbing expansion layer overflows, and a large amount of requirements of the crops on trace elements in the later stage are met.
Further, the fertilizer granules 60 are suitable for some crops with short growth cycles due to the small number of shell layers, but for some crops with long growth cycles, due to the long interval time between the seedling stage and the later growth stage (the stage requiring a large amount of trace elements), the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 is easy to break in advance after being washed by water flow for many times, so that the fertilizer is lost, and the crops do not have sufficient nutrients or need to be re-fertilized.
Therefore, on the basis of the fertilizer granule 6060, the fertilizer granule 6060 further comprises a borax layer 20, a water-absorbing expansion layer 30 and a slow release layer 40;
the boron-zinc solution 10, the borax layer 20, the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 and the slow release layer 40 are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, wherein the borax layer 20, the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 and the slow release layer 40 are all solid shell-shaped structures;
the borax layer 20 is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding borax particles through a first adhesive, and is used for coating the boron-zinc solution 10, wherein the borax particles are fine borax particles;
the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding water-absorbing resin particles and borax by a first adhesive, the borax particles are fine borax particles, the total volume ratio of the water-absorbing resin particles to the borax is 1;
the slow release layer 40 is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding a porous material and borax through a second adhesive.
Wherein the second adhesive is a water-soluble adhesive. Preferably, the second binder is attapulgite. The first binder is a water insoluble binder. The first binder is one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, or calcium chloride. The porous material is preferably slag. The water-insoluble adhesive can avoid rapid disintegration caused by water penetration, so that the boron sand layer 20 and the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 can slowly release boron elements.
The slag has the characteristics of environmental protection and waste utilization, has porous property, is beneficial to adsorbing the borax particles and the second adhesive, and the borax particles can be filled in gaps of the slag under the action of the second adhesive. Due to the porous characteristic of the slag, water and fertilizer can be better filled in gaps of the slag under the action of pores and water surface tension after water absorption, and the effects of water retention and fertilizer retention are achieved. Because the second adhesive is a water-soluble adhesive, after the water flow is washed, the external water flow can exchange with the water flow in the gap, so that the boron element originally positioned in the gap is taken out and flows into the soil to be absorbed by crops, and meanwhile, the rapid disintegration of the slow release layer 40 cannot be caused.
The slow release layer 40 composed of the slag, the borax and the water-soluble adhesive achieves the effect of slowly releasing the boron element. When the water-soluble adhesive in the slag space is washed out completely, moisture can progressively permeate water absorption expansion layer 30 afterwards, borax among water absorption expansion layer 30 dissolves, make the boron element in water absorption expansion layer 30 taken away by rivers, later along with the dissolution of borax, water absorption expansion granule absorbs water and expands, can form the extrusion to the slow release layer 40 in the outside and the borax layer 20 of inboard, rivers constantly erode borax sand layer 20 and water absorption expansion layer 30, borax layer 20, water absorption expansion layer 30 and slow release layer 40 are under the extrusion of water absorption expansion granule, the crack produces, thereby make the faster infiltration of moisture, it is continuous, slow release boron element. When the borax layer 20, the water-absorbing expansion layer 30 and the slow release layer 40 are cracked to critical values, the closed coating of the boron-zinc solution 10 cannot be realized by the borax layer 20, and the internal boron-zinc solution 10 overflows, so that a large amount of boron-zinc elements are supplied.
Example two:
the vegetable seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components:
peat, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, water-absorbent resin particles and coconut shreds, and the volume parts are as follows: 15 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of perlite, 7 parts of coconut chaff, 4 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2.5 parts of coconut shred.
More preferably, the length of the coconut thread is 15cm, and the ratio of the length of the coconut thread to the diameter of the water-absorbent resin particles is 15:1.
More preferably, the fertilizer device also comprises fertilizer particles 60, wherein the fertilizer particles 60 are distributed in layers in the substrate and are arranged in an inverted triangle shape on the whole.
More preferably, fertilizer granule 60 comprises:
the water-absorbing expansion layer is arranged on the boron-zinc solution layer;
the borax layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding borax particles through a first adhesive;
the water-absorbing expansion layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding water-absorbing resin particles and borax through a first adhesive;
the slow release layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding a porous material and borax through a second adhesive.
More preferably, the second binder is a water-soluble binder.
More preferably, the second binder is attapulgite.
More preferably, the first binder is a water insoluble binder.
More preferably, the first binder is one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or calcium chloride.
Example three:
as shown in fig. 1, the vegetable seedling raising substrate provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following components:
peat, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, water-absorbent resin particles and coconut shreds, and the volume parts are as follows: 20 parts of turf, 20 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 3 parts of coconut shreds.
More preferably, the length of the coconut thread is 10cm, and the ratio of the length of the coconut thread to the diameter of the water-absorbent resin particles is 20:1.
More preferably, the fertilizer device also comprises fertilizer particles 60, wherein the fertilizer particles 60 are distributed in layers in the substrate and are arranged in an inverted triangle shape on the whole.
More preferably, the fertilizer granule 60 comprises:
the boron-zinc solution, the borax layer, the water-absorbing expansion layer and the slow-release layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the borax layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding borax particles through a first adhesive;
the water-absorbing expansion layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding water-absorbing resin particles and borax through a first adhesive;
the slow release layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding a porous material and borax through a second adhesive.
More preferably, the second binder is a water-soluble binder.
More preferably, the second binder is attapulgite.
More preferably, the first binder is a water insoluble binder.
More preferably, the first binder is one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or calcium chloride.
Example four:
a preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, spreading water-absorbent resin particles;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the water-absorbent resin particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the water-absorbent resin particles;
s4, repeating S2-S3, wherein the coverage width of the water-absorbent resin particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the upper layer, so that the water-absorbent resin particles are integrally distributed in an inverted triangular shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
Wherein the S1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: the coconut shred comprises, by weight, 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite, 5 parts of coconut chaff, 3 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2 parts of coconut shreds, wherein the length of the coconut shreds is 20cm, and the diameter ratio of the length of the coconut shreds to the water-absorbent resin particles is 10.
Example five:
a preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, spreading water-absorbent resin particles;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the water-absorbent resin particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the water-absorbent resin particles;
s4, repeating S2-S3, wherein the coverage width of the water-absorbent resin particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the upper layer, so that the water-absorbent resin particles are integrally distributed in an inverted triangular shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
Wherein the S1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of perlite, 7 parts of coconut chaff, 4 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2.5 parts of coconut shreds, wherein the length of the coconut shreds is 15cm, and the diameter ratio of the length of the coconut shreds to the water-absorbent resin particles is 15.
Example six:
a preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, spreading water-absorbent resin particles;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the water-absorbent resin particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the water-absorbent resin particles;
s4, repeating the step S2 to the step S3, wherein the coverage width of the water-absorbent resin particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the upper layer, so that the water-absorbent resin particles are integrally distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
Wherein the S1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 20 parts of turf, 20 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 3 parts of coconut shreds, wherein the length of the coconut shreds is 20cm, and the diameter ratio of the coconut shreds to the water-absorbent resin particles is 10.
Example seven:
a preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, mixing the water-absorbent resin particles and the fertilizer particles 60 according to the volume ratio of 3;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the mixed particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the mixed particles;
s4, repeating the step S2 to the step S3, wherein the coverage width of the mixed particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the previous layer, so that the whole mixed particles are distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
Wherein the S1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 10 parts of turf, 10 parts of vermiculite, 10 parts of perlite, 5 parts of coconut husk, 3 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2 parts of coconut shreds, wherein the length of the coconut shreds is 20cm, and the diameter ratio of the coconut shreds to the water-absorbent resin particles is 10.
Example eight:
a preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, mixing the water-absorbent resin particles and the fertilizer particles 60 according to a volume ratio of 3;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the mixed particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the mixed particles;
s4, repeating S2-S3, wherein the coverage width of the mixed particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the previous layer, so that the whole mixed particles are distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
Wherein the S1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 15 parts of turf, 15 parts of vermiculite, 15 parts of perlite, 7 parts of coconut chaff, 4 parts of water-absorbent resin particles, 2.5 parts of coconut shred, 15cm of coconut shred, 15 parts of ratio of the length of the coconut shred to the diameter of the water-absorbent resin particles and 601.33 parts of fertilizer particles, wherein the ratio of the length of the coconut shred to the diameter of the water-absorbent resin particles is.
Example nine:
a preparation method of a vegetable seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, mixing the water-absorbent resin particles and the fertilizer particles 60 according to the volume ratio of 3;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the mixed particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the mixed particles;
s4, repeating S2-S3, wherein the coverage width of the mixed particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the previous layer, so that the whole mixed particles are distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
Wherein the S1 comprises the following components in parts by volume: 20 parts of turf, 20 parts of vermiculite, 20 parts of perlite, 10 parts of coconut chaff, 5 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 3 parts of coconut shreds, wherein the length of the coconut shreds is 20cm, and the diameter ratio of the coconut shreds to the water-absorbent resin particles is 10.
The preparation method of the fertilizer granules 60 comprises the following steps:
a method of preparing fertilizer granules 60 comprising the steps of:
s1, freezing a boron-zinc solution 10 to prepare solid boron-zinc particles; the boron-zinc solution 10 is a liquid fertilizer, and is a liquid fertilizer in the prior art, and the liquid fertilizer contains water, and is frozen and solidified to be made into particles by adopting a technical means in the prior art;
s2, mixing borax, water-absorbent resin particles and a first adhesive to form first adhesive powder, wherein the first adhesive is a water-insoluble adhesive;
and S3, mixing and stirring the boron-zinc particles and the first bonding powder at normal temperature, wherein the boron-zinc particles are positioned at the normal temperature (the normal temperature is higher than 0 degrees, so that the boron-zinc particles can be melted to release partial moisture), and the surfaces of the melted boron-zinc particles have certain viscosity, so that the first bonding powder is attached to the surfaces of the boron-zinc particles to form the water absorption expansion layer 30. And (3) continuously adsorbing the first adhesive powder along with the seepage of moisture in the boron-zinc particles, wherein the borax and the water-absorbent resin particles are adhered by the first adhesive in the first adhesive powder and coated outside the boron-zinc particles to obtain the fertilizer particles 60.
Preferably, when it is desired to increase the thickness of the water swellable layer 30, the fertilizer granules 60 may be separated from the first binder powder, and then the surface of the fertilizer granules 60 obtained as described above may be again made sticky by spraying water mist or a liquid binder on the surface thereof, and the step S3 may be repeated to increase the thickness of the water swellable layer 30.
In order to obtain a multilayer structure and improve the slow release effect of the trace elements, another preparation method of the fertilizer granules 60 is provided, which comprises the following steps:
s1, freezing a boron-zinc solution 10 to prepare solid boron-zinc particles;
s2, mixing the borax powder with the first adhesive to form second adhesive powder;
s3, mixing and stirring the boron-zinc particles and the second bonding powder at normal temperature to enable the second bonding powder to be attached to the surfaces of the boron-zinc particles to form a borax layer 20, and obtaining a first intermediate; the principle from the step S1 to the step S3 is the same as that of the embodiment;
s4, screening the first intermediate and the second bonding powder to separate the first intermediate and the second bonding powder, wherein the screening can be performed in a screen mode or by other means in the prior art, and the purpose of screening is to prevent the second bonding powder from caking due to the fact that water mist or liquid bonding agent is directly sprayed on the second bonding powder to influence the production process; wherein the liquid adhesive can be the conventional liquid adhesive used in the fertilizer production in the prior art;
s5, spraying water or liquid adhesive on the first intermediate, and mixing the first intermediate into the second adhesive powder to enable the second adhesive powder to be adsorbed on the surface of the first intermediate;
s6, repeating the steps S4 to S5 until a borax layer 20 with a preset thickness is obtained, and obtaining a second intermediate;
s7, mixing the water-absorbent resin particles, the borax and the first adhesive to form third adhesive powder;
s8, spraying water or liquid adhesive on the second intermediate, and mixing the second intermediate into third adhesive powder to enable the third adhesive powder to be adsorbed on the surface of the second intermediate;
s9, repeating the step S8 until a water absorption expansion layer 30 with a preset thickness is obtained, and obtaining a third intermediate;
s10, mixing the porous material, the borax and the second adhesive to form fourth adhesive powder, wherein the borax and the second adhesive are filled in gaps of the porous material; the porous material is preferably slag;
s10, spraying water or liquid adhesive on the third intermediate, and mixing the third intermediate into fourth adhesive powder;
and S11, screening the third intermediate and the fourth binding powder and repeating S10 until a slow release layer 40 with a preset thickness is obtained, so as to obtain the fertilizer granules 60.
The above disclosure is only for a few specific embodiments of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any modifications that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The vegetable seedling raising substrate is characterized by comprising the following components:
peat, vermiculite, perlite, coconut husk, water-absorbent resin particles and coconut shreds, and the volume parts are as follows: 10-20 parts of turf, 10-20 parts of vermiculite, 10-20 parts of perlite, 5-10 parts of coir, 3-5 parts of water-absorbent resin particles and 2-3 parts of coir;
the length of the coconut wire is not less than 10cm, and the diameter ratio of the length of the coconut wire to the water-absorbent resin particles is 10: 1;
the preparation method of the seedling raising substrate comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing turf, vermiculite, perlite, coconut chaff and coconut shreds to obtain auxiliary materials, and paving the auxiliary materials in a mold to form a bottom-layer matrix;
s2, mixing the water-absorbent resin particles and the fertilizer particles according to the volume ratio of 3;
s3, spreading auxiliary materials on the mixed particles to enable the auxiliary materials to completely cover the mixed particles;
s4, repeating S2-S3, wherein the coverage width of the mixed particles spread every time in the transverse direction is larger than that of the previous layer, so that the whole mixed particles are distributed in an inverted triangle shape until a preset depth is obtained;
and S5, carrying out extrusion forming through a die.
2. A vegetable seedling substrate as set forth in claim 1, further comprising fertilizer granules which are distributed in layers and arranged in an inverted triangular shape as a whole in the substrate.
3. A vegetable seedling substrate as set forth in claim 2, wherein the fertilizer granule comprises:
the water-absorbing and water-absorbing composite material comprises a boron-zinc solution, a borax layer, a water-absorbing expansion layer and a slow release layer, wherein the boron-zinc solution, the borax layer, the water-absorbing expansion layer and the slow release layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside;
the borax layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding borax particles through a first adhesive;
the water-absorbing expansion layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding water-absorbing resin particles and borax through a first adhesive;
the slow release layer is a shell-shaped structure formed by bonding a porous material and borax through a second adhesive.
4. A vegetable seedling substrate as set forth in claim 3, wherein the second binder is a water-soluble binder.
5. A vegetable seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 4, wherein the second binder is attapulgite.
6. A vegetable seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 4, wherein the first binder is a water-insoluble binder.
7. A vegetable seedling raising substrate as set forth in claim 6, wherein the first binder is one or more of calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate or calcium chloride.
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