CN113999118A - 含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/67—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of saturated acids
- C07C69/708—Ethers
- C07C69/712—Ethers the hydroxy group of the ester being etherified with a hydroxy compound having the hydroxy group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
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- C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
- C07C67/30—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group
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- C07C67/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C67/56—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption
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- C07D207/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D207/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D207/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D207/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D207/16—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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- C07D311/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings
- C07D311/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only hetero atom, condensed with other rings ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D311/04—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring
- C07D311/58—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4
- C07D311/70—Benzo[b]pyrans, not hydrogenated in the carbocyclic ring other than with oxygen or sulphur atoms in position 2 or 4 with two hydrocarbon radicals attached in position 2 and elements other than carbon and hydrogen in position 6
- C07D311/72—3,4-Dihydro derivatives having in position 2 at least one methyl radical and in position 6 one oxygen atom, e.g. tocopherols
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- C07C2601/10—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种式I结构的含2‑三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物及其制备方法,将氰化铜、Togni试剂和碳酸钾及炔酮化合物加入到反应体系中,在一定的反应环境下,形成反应体系,反应完成后经后处理得到。本方法采用羰基作导向基,基于自由基串联环化反应策略合成具有环戊烯酮环骨架结构,高效的实现了一系列复杂的2‑三氟甲基环戊烯酮的构建,反应收率中等至良好,操作简单,对于环戊烯酮类化合物的合成提供了新途径。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机合成领域,具体涉及含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物及其制备方法。
背景技术
环戊烯酮作为同时含有碳碳双键、碳氧双键的五元杂环化合物,在香料、材料、医药等领域得到了广泛的应用,许多具有生理或者药理活性的天然及非天然分子中都含有该片段。大戟科二萜pepluanol B具有细胞毒性、抗病毒、逆转多药耐药和抗肿瘤等活性。一枝蒿酮酸Rupestonic acid能抑制流感病毒。
传统的环戊烯酮合成方法通常是通过Pauson-Khand反应(PKR)或Nazarov环化进行的。1973年,I.U.Khand和P.L.Pauson报到了各种炔烃六羰基化钴络合物在烃类溶剂或醚中与烯烃反应高产率得到的环戊烯酮的反应。随后此类PKR反应得到了广泛应用,然而该类反应存在一系列问题,如烯烃的反应性低;对烯烃组分的区域选择性控制不可靠及过量的有害化学物质的加入(如加压的CO气体或化学计量的钴-羰基络合物)等。
二乙烯基酮类化合物在质子酸(硫酸、磷酸)或路易斯酸(氯化铝、三氟甲磺酸钪)作用下发生重排环化,形成环戊烯酮衍生物。该反应为著名的纳扎罗夫环化反应(Nazarov环化反应),然而质子酸(硫酸、磷酸)或路易斯酸作为催化剂,常常使得反应底物及选择性受限制。
近年来,通过炔烃的自由基加成-迁移-环化(RATC)来合成五元环化物受到关注,然而,该策略的仅限于末端炔烃的转化,末端炔烃常通过反马尔科夫尼科夫加成(anti-Markovnikov addition)、自由基迁移和5-exo关环生成环戊基甲基衍生物。相比之下,由于内炔烃加成的自由基的区域选择性不理想,使得分子间自由基向内炔烃加成引发的5-endo环化形成内环化合物仍是一个巨大的挑战。
一直以来含氟有机化学都是化学家们关注的热点领域之一。含氟化合物广泛应用于医药、农药和材料等领域,如何在化合物中引入含氟基团(-F、-CF3、-CF2-等),一直受到化学家们的广泛关注。将含氟基团引入药物分子中是药物改性的重要策略之一。一方面,由于氟的强吸电子性,将其引入药物分子中能改变它的酸碱性,从而提高药物分子的脂溶性。另一方面,由于氟具有很强的吸电子能力,最大电负性,向药物分子引入氟元素中既能增强药物分子的抗氧化性,又能提高药物分子稳定性。
此外,考虑到环戊烯酮的多功能性及含氟化合物的优越性,合成多样的含氟环戊烯酮类化合物,有利于更好地开发其应用价值,在理论研究和实际应用中都具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物及其制备方法,以羰基为导向基团,通过自由基加成-迁移-环化,实现了炔酮类化合物的5-内选择性三氟甲基碳环化反应,构建了含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的立体选择性合成。在铜催化条件下,通过将三氟甲基自由基区域选择性加成到内炔烃上,然后进行1,5-氢原子转移、5-内环化和氧化脱质子来启动反应。本方法基于自由基串联环化反应策略合成具有环戊烯酮环骨架结构,高效的实现了2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的构建。且该反应具有条件温和,底物适用范围广等特点,可以通过取代基的改变实现含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法的结构多样性合成,反应收率中等至良好,操作简单,对于环戊烯酮类化合物的合成提供了新途径。
一种含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮,为式I结构:
其中,-R1为非诺贝特衍生物、氨基酸衍生物、氯贝特衍生物、葡萄糖衍生物、δ-维生素E衍生物和14-甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3β-醇衍生物中的一种。
所述的非诺贝特衍生物为式I-1结构,所述的氨基酸衍生物为式I-2结构、所述的氯贝特衍生物为式I-3结构、所述的葡萄糖衍生物为式I-4结构、所述的δ-维生素E衍生物为式I-5结构、所述的14-甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3β-醇衍生物为式I-6结构。
一种含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
氰化铜、Togni试剂和碳酸钾加入到反应瓶中,随后加入溶解于2mL乙酸乙酯的式Ⅱ结构的炔酮化合物中,在一定的反应环境下,形成反应体系,反应完成后经后处理得到式Ⅰ结构的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物;
其中,-R1为非诺贝特衍生物、氨基酸衍生物、氯贝特衍生物、葡萄糖衍生物、δ-维生素E衍生物和14-甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3β-醇衍生物中的一种。
涉及反应的具体合成路线如下所示:
该制备方法通过Togni试剂提供三氟甲基自由基,对炔酮中的炔基加成,产生的烯基自由基经过氢迁移,5-内环化,氧化脱质子形成最终的2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物。
所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法,所述的反应环境为氮气氛围,25~65℃下反应。
所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法,所述的式Ⅱ结构的炔酮、氰化铜、Togni试剂、碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:0.05~0.5:2.5~2:1.5~3。
所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,所述的式Ⅱ结构的炔酮、氰化铜、Togni试剂、碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:0.08~0.15:1~2:1.8~2.2。
所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法,所述的反应体系的反应时间为8h~15h。
所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法,所述的后处理包括:淬灭、抽滤、萃取、洗涤有机相、干燥和柱层析分离。
所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮衍生物的制备方法,所述的淬灭采用加水和乙酸乙酯淬灭,所述的萃取采用乙酸乙酯萃取,所述的洗涤有机相采用饱和食盐水洗涤,所述的干燥采用无水硫酸钠干燥,所述的柱层析分离采用硅胶柱层析分离。
同现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1、巧妙的设计以羰基为导向基团,使三氟甲基自由基区域选择性加成到内炔烃上,然后进行1,5-氢原子转移、5-内环化和氧化脱质子来启动反应。
2、基于该巧妙的反应设计,同时实现了三氟甲基化及环化反应,实现了2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮类化合物的构建。
3、克服了由于内炔烃加成的自由基的区域选择性不理想的问题。
4、反应条件温和,操作简单,官能团兼容性好,由一系列药物演变而成的2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮类化合物,具有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在干燥的反应管中依次加入CuCN(1.8mg,0.02mmol),Togni试剂(94.8mg,0.3mmol)和K2CO3(55.3mg,0.4mmol),抽真空换氮气三次后,加入用溶解于2mL乙酸乙酯乙腈的II-1非诺贝特类炔酮衍生物(37.2mg,0.2mmol)。体系在50℃下反应10小时后,向反应体系中加入水淬灭反应,用乙酸乙酯萃取反应三次,合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠溶液洗涤并用无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干溶剂,柱层析进行分离petroleum ethers/EtOAc=10:1,得到白色固体I-1,产率:56%;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.83(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.79(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.27-7.23(m,2H),6.91-6.87(m,2H),5.13-5.06(m,1H),2.62(s,2H),1.68(s,6H),1.29(s,6H),1.21(d,J=6.3Hz,6H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ200.07,194.61,173.07,159.92,138.55,136.05,132.09,130.25(q,J=31.2Hz),130.01,129.77,129.39,129.37,126.25,126.24,120.75(q,J=273.5Hz),117.29,79.48,69.36,50.94,43.10,26.67,25.38,21.54.19F NMR(565MHz,CDCl3)δ-60.30.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H–H2O]+Calcd for C28H29F3O5+H+-H2O:485.1934;Found 485.1955.
反应式如下:
实施例2
除用结构式II-2所示的氨基酸类炔酮衍生物代替实施例II-3中结构式所示的非诺贝特类炔酮衍生物外,其余操作步骤同实施例1,分离得到白色固体I-2,产率:80%,mp127-129℃,dr=1.3:1;petroleum ethers/EtOAc=5:1;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.27-7.23(m,2H),5.60-5.56(m,1H),4.55(t,J=7.9Hz,0.43H,minorrotamer),4.45(t,J=8.0Hz,0.57H,major rotamer),3.87(d,J=3.1Hz,1H),3.80(s,1.29H,minor rotamer),3.79(s,1.71H,major rotamer),3.75-3.73(m,1H),2.62(s,1H),2.60-2.53(m,2H),2.40-2.35(m,1H),1.48(s,3.90H,minor rotamer),1.46(s,5.10H,major rotamer),1.28(s,6H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ199.87,183.63,173.01,165.11,153.60,137.47,130.29(q,J=31.5Hz),130.16,129.44,120.66(q,J=273.4Hz),80.73,72.98,57.99,53.37,52.05,50.87,43.02,36.70,28.24,26.60.19F NMR(565MHz,CDCl3)δ-60.38.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C26H30F3NO7+Na+:548.1867;Found 548.1814.
反应式如下:
实施例3
除用结构式II-3所示的氯贝特类炔酮衍生物代替实施例1中结构式I-1所示的非诺贝特类炔酮衍生物外,其余操作步骤同实施例1,分离得到黄色液体I-3,产率:81%,petroleum ethers/EtOAc=10:1;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ7.02(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.88(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),4.23(q,J=7.1Hz,2H),2.55(s,2H),1.64(s,6H),1.24(s,6H),1.21(t,J=7.1Hz,3H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ200.58,185.51,173.91,156.31,129.77(q,J=30.7Hz),127.44,125.69,120.95(q,J=273.4Hz),118.02,79.34,61.55,51.13,43.07,26.75,25.44,13.97.19F NMR(565MHz,CDCl3)δ-60.35.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd forC20H23F3O4+H+:385.1621;Found 385.1626.
反应式如下:
实施例4
除用结构式II-4所示的葡萄糖类炔酮衍生物代替实施例1中结构式I-1所示的非诺贝特类炔酮衍生物外,其余操作步骤同实施例1,分离得到白色固体I-4,产率:70%,white solid,mp 184-186℃;petroleum ethers/EtOAc=5:1;1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.24(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),5.96(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),5.52(d,J=2.8Hz,1H),4.65(d,J=3.7Hz,1H),4.40-4.36(m,1H),4.34(dd,J=8.1,2.8Hz,1H),4.16-4.09(m,2H),2.61(s,2H),1.57(s,3H),1.43(s,3H),1.33(s,3H),1.29(s,3H),1.27(s,6H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ199.85,183.50,164.51,137.62,130.32(q,J=31.2Hz),130.12,129.45,126.60,120.65(q,J=273.6Hz),112.46,109.52,105.11,83.33,79.85,72.55,67.34,50.85,43.04,26.90,26.72,26.64,26.60,26.21,25.25.19F NMR(565MHz,CDCl3)δ-60.36.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C27H31F3O8+Na+:563.1863;Found 563.1865.
反应式如下:
实施例5
除用结构式II-5所示的δ-维生素E类炔酮衍生物代替实施例1中结构式I-1所示的非诺贝特类炔酮衍生物外,其余操作步骤同实施例1,分离得到黄色液体I-5,产率:77%;Flash column chromatography conditions:petroleum ethers/EtOAc=10:1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.35(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.1Hz,2H),2.69-2.63(m,4H),2.16(s,3H),2.11(s,3H),2.07(s,3H),1.61-1.16(m,32H),0.90-0.87(m,12H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ199.95,183.81,164.45,149.62,140.50,137.53,130.28(q,J=31.5Hz),130.21,126.80,126.64,125.07,123.25,120.73(q,J=273.5Hz),117.58,77.25,77.04,76.83,75.16,50.92,43.12,39.39,37.47,37.31,32.82,28.00,26.65,24.83,24.47,22.74,22.65,21.05,20.67,19.78,19.69,13.15,12.30,11.89.19F NMR(565MHz,CDCl3)δ-60.28.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+H]+Calcd for C44H61F3O4+H+:711.4595;Found 711.4622.
反应式如下:
实施例6
除用结构式II-6所示的14-甲基-5α-胆甾烷-3β-醇类炔酮衍生物代替实施例1中结构式I-1所示的非诺贝特类炔酮衍生物外,其余操作步骤同实施例1,分离得到白色固体I-6,产率:65%,petroleum ethers/EtOAc=10:1;1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.11(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),7.20(d,J=8.2Hz,2H),5.02-4.92(m,1H),2.59(s,2H),2.01-1.00(m,38H),0.92-0.85(m,12H),0.73-0.64(m,4H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ200.01,184.06,165.34,136.75,131.52,130.16(q,J=31.3Hz),129.26,126.28,120.70(q,J=273.5Hz),74.86,56.43,56.28,54.24,50.89,44.71,43.01,42.61,39.99,39.52,36.79,36.18,35.81,35.53,35.50,34.12,32.01,28.65,28.26,28.02,27.58,26.61,24.22,23.85,22.83,22.57,21.24,18.68,12.30,12.09.19F NMR(377MHz,CDCl3)δ-60.37.HRMS(ESI)m/z:[M+Na]+Calcd for C43H61F3O3+Na+:705.4465;Found705.4519.
反应式如下:
Claims (10)
5.根据权利要求3所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应环境为氮气氛围,25~65℃下反应。
6.根据权利要求3所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的式Ⅱ结构的炔酮、氰化铜、Togni试剂、碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:0.05~0.5:2.5~2:1.5~3。
7.根据权利要求6所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的式Ⅱ结构的炔酮、氰化铜、Togni试剂、碳酸钾的摩尔比为1:0.08~0.15:1~2:1.8~2.2。
8.根据权利要求3所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的反应体系的反应时间为8~15h。
9.根据权利要求3所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的后处理包括:淬灭、抽滤、萃取、洗涤有机相、干燥和柱层析分离。
10.根据权利要求3所述的含2-三氟甲基环戊烯酮的衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的淬灭采用加水和乙酸乙酯淬灭,所述的萃取采用乙酸乙酯萃取,所述的洗涤有机相采用饱和食盐水洗涤,所述的干燥采用无水硫酸钠干燥,所述的柱层析分离采用硅胶柱层析分离。
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