CN113994974A - Initiator for improving cold resistance of tobacco seeds, initiation method and application - Google Patents
Initiator for improving cold resistance of tobacco seeds, initiation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
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Abstract
The invention provides an initiator for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, an initiation method and application, and relates to the technical field of seed initiation. The initiator comprises the anion powder and the spermine which are independently packaged, has low cost and simple and convenient preparation method, and has good application prospect. According to the invention, the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds is improved by the initiation, and the tobacco seeds are soaked by mixing the negative ion powder and the spermine solution, so that the dormancy can be broken, the substance transformation and utilization of the tobacco seeds in the germination process are promoted, the self stress resistance of the tobacco seeds is enhanced, the resistance of the tobacco seeds to adverse environments such as low temperature and low illumination is improved, the targets of early seedling, seedling alignment and strong seedling are reached, and a foundation is laid for improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of seed initiation, and particularly relates to an initiator for improving cold resistance of tobacco seeds, an initiation method and application.
Background
Tobacco is an important economic crop in China, tobacco planting plays an important role in economic development of China, tobacco agriculture occupies a leading position in regions mainly based on agriculture, and the tobacco is a main force for promoting agriculture and increasing income. The tobacco seeds are indispensable important production materials in tobacco leaf production, and the high-quality tobacco seeds are the basis for cultivating strong seedlings and obtaining high-quality and high-yield tobacco leaves.
Tobacco seeding in tobacco regions in south China is mainly in the middle and last ten days of 12 months every year, and low-temperature short exposure is the main environmental condition facing tobacco seeding and seedling growing in tobacco regions in south China. Due to the influence of low-temperature and low-irradiation environment of a seedling raising field during seedling raising, the growth condition of tobacco seeds is poor, so that the tobacco seeds are slow in sprouting and seedling emergence, irregular in seedling emergence, low in seedling rate and strong seedling rate, and the improvement of the quality of tobacco seedlings and the normal growth and development of field tobacco plants after transplanting are influenced. Therefore, how to cultivate high-activity tobacco seeds to resist the damage of low temperature to the seeds becomes a problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an initiator, an initiation method and an application for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, so as to solve the technical problems and disadvantages of slow germination and seedling emergence, irregular seedling emergence, low seedling rate and strong seedling rate of tobacco seeds at low temperature, namely poor cold resistance of tobacco seeds, and thus reduced quality and yield of transplanted tobacco leaves.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides an initiator for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, which comprises anion powder and spermine which are independently packaged.
Preferably, the working concentration of the anion powder is 80-120 g/L;
the working concentration of the spermine is 0.01-1.25 mmol/L.
The invention also provides an initiating method for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, which comprises the following steps: placing the tobacco seeds which are sterilized and dried to the original weight in an 80-120 g/L negative ion powder water solution, carrying out first initiation for 24-48 h under a dark condition, cleaning and drying to the original weight to obtain primary initiation seeds;
and (3) placing the initial priming seeds in 0.01-1.25 mmol/L spermine aqueous solution, carrying out secondary priming for 12-24 h under a dark condition, and drying to the original weight to obtain the priming seeds.
Preferably, the sterilizing comprises: soaking the tobacco seeds in 10 mass percent sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution for 30min, cleaning, and drying at 25 ℃ to the original weight of the seeds.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the anion powder aqueous solution to the seeds is 4-6: 1.
Preferably, the temperatures of the first initiation, drying and second initiation are all 25 ℃.
Preferably, the weight ratio of the spermine aqueous solution to the seeds is 4-6: 1.
The invention also provides application of the initiator in promoting rapid germination of tobacco seeds.
The invention also provides application of the initiator in improving the quality of tobacco seedlings and the uniformity of seedling emergence in a low-temperature environment.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides an initiator for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, which comprises anion powder and spermine which are independently packaged, and has the advantages of low cost, simple and convenient preparation method and good application prospect. According to the invention, the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds is improved by the initiation, and the tobacco seeds are soaked by mixing the negative ion powder and the spermine solution, so that the dormancy can be broken, the substance transformation and utilization of the tobacco seeds in the germination process are promoted, the self stress resistance of the tobacco seeds is enhanced, the resistance of the tobacco seeds to adverse environments such as low temperature and low illumination is improved, the targets of early seedling, seedling alignment and strong seedling are reached, and a foundation is laid for improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an initiator for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, which comprises anion powder and spermine which are independently packaged.
The working concentration of the anion powder is preferably 80-120 g/L, and more preferably 100 g/L. The anion powder mainly comprises natural tourmaline powder and rare earth mineral powder, and is preferably purchased from Shanghai Yien chemical technology Co.
The working concentration of the spermine is preferably 0.01-1.25 mmol/L, more preferably 0.1-1.0 mmol/L, and most preferably 0.25 mmol/L. The purity of the spermine is 97%, and the spermine is preferably purchased from Shanghai Michelin Biotechnology, Inc.
In the invention, the anion powder improves the physiological function of organisms and promotes the germination, and the spermine protects the plasma membrane and protoplasm from being damaged, thereby playing a role in protecting tissues and obviously regulating the response of plants to the adverse circumstances, so that the anion powder and the spermine are used for combined seed soaking, the seed dormancy is broken, the activity of the tobacco seeds in the low-temperature environment is improved, the stress resistance of seedlings to the low-temperature environment is enhanced, the germination speed of the tobacco seeds is accelerated, and the effect is obvious.
The invention also provides an initiating method for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds, which comprises the following steps: placing the tobacco seeds which are sterilized and dried to the original weight in an 80-120 g/L negative ion powder water solution, carrying out first initiation for 24-48 h under a dark condition, cleaning and drying to the original weight to obtain primary initiation seeds;
and (3) placing the initial priming seeds in 0.01-1.25 mmol/L spermine aqueous solution, carrying out secondary priming for 12-24 h under a dark condition, and drying to the original weight to obtain the priming seeds.
The sterilization according to the present invention preferably comprises: soaking the tobacco seeds in 10 mass percent sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution for 30min, cleaning, and drying at 25 ℃ to the original weight of the seeds. In the process of soaking, the invention preferably further comprises shaking, more preferably shaking once every 10min, and the shaking frequency is preferably 150 r/min. After the soaking is finished, the sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution is poured out, and then the seeds are washed, wherein the washing is preferably carried out for 2-3 times by using clean water.
According to the invention, after the washing, the seeds are dried to the original weight (called back drying for short), the drying is preferably carried out at 25 ℃, and in the embodiment of the invention, the back drying is preferably carried out in a sterile incubator at 25 ℃.
According to the method, the dried seeds are subjected to first initiation for 24-48 h under dark conditions by using an aqueous solution of negative ion powder, wherein the weight ratio of the aqueous solution of negative ion powder to the seeds is preferably 4-6: 1, and more preferably 5: 1. The temperature of the first initiation is preferably 25 ℃ and the time is preferably 48 h. The method comprises the steps of cleaning after the first initiation, drying to the original weight, preferably washing for 2-3 times by using clean water, and then performing the drying again.
According to the method, the primary initiation seeds are subjected to secondary initiation by using a spermine aqueous solution under a dark condition, the weight ratio of the spermine aqueous solution to the seeds is preferably 4-6: 1, more preferably 5:1, the temperature of the secondary initiation is preferably 25 ℃, and the time is preferably 24 hours. The method is characterized by cleaning after the second initiation, drying to the original weight, preferably washing for 2-3 times by using clean water, and then performing the drying again.
After the initiation method disclosed by the invention is used for initiating the tobacco seeds, the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds is favorably enhanced, the germination speed of the tobacco seeds is accelerated, the quality of the tobacco seedlings and the seedling emergence uniformity in a low-temperature environment are improved, the aims of early seedling, uniform seedling and strong seedling are further achieved, and a foundation is laid for the production of high-quality tobacco leaves.
The invention also provides application of the initiator in promoting rapid germination of tobacco seeds.
The application of the present invention is preferably the same as the initiation method described above and will not be described herein.
After the initiation, the method preferably adopts the technical procedures of GB/T25241.1-2010 intensive tobacco seedling raising part 1: floating seedling for seedling.
The invention also provides application of the initiator in improving the quality of tobacco seedlings and the uniformity of seedling emergence in a low-temperature environment.
The application of the present invention is preferably the same as the initiation method described above, and will not be described herein.
The initiator, the initiation method and the application for improving the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds provided by the invention are described in detail in the following examples, but the initiator, the initiation method and the application are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1. Tobacco variety tested: xiang Yan No. 5.
2. Test method and measurement index:
(1) and (3) disinfection: taking 10g of naked seeds of Xiangyan No. 5 (provided by the tobacco production technology center of Yongzhou city and having the quality reaching the standard requirement of GB/T21138-.
(2) Soaking seeds by using a single initiator: respectively placing the disinfected tobacco seeds in containers filled with 100g/L negative ion powder solution and 0.01-1.25 mmol/L spermine solution for initiation, uniformly mixing and stirring the negative ion powder, the seeds, the spermine solution and the seeds according to the weight ratio of 5:1, placing the mixture in a dark condition at 25 ℃ for initiation for 48 hours, fishing out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times, and placing the seeds in an incubator to dry the seeds at 25 ℃ to the original weight of the seeds.
(3) And (3) carrying out combined seed soaking on the anion powder and the spermine: placing the disinfected tobacco seeds in a container containing a negative ion powder solution with the concentration of 100g/L for initiation, mixing and stirring uniformly according to the weight ratio of the negative ion powder solution to the seeds of 5:1, placing the mixture in a dark condition at 25 ℃ for initiation for 48 hours, fishing out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water for 2-3 times, and placing the seeds in an incubator and drying the seeds at 25 ℃ to the original weight of the seeds. And then placing the seeds in a container containing 0.01-1.25 mmol/L spermine solution, uniformly mixing and stirring the spermine solution and the seeds according to the weight ratio of 5:1, soaking the seeds for 24 hours in a dark condition at 25 ℃, and placing the seeds in an incubator to dry the seeds to the original weight of the seeds at 25 ℃.
There are 10 treatments in total:
treatment 1: non-primed dry seed (CK 1);
and (3) treatment 2: seed initiated with negative ion powder at a concentration of 100g/L (CK 2);
and (3) treatment: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 0.05 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment 5: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 0.25 mmol/L;
and (6) treatment: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 1.25 mmol/L;
and (7) treatment: seeds initiated by negative ion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and spermine with the concentration of 0.01 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment 8: seeds initiated by negative ion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and spermine with the concentration of 0.05 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment: seeds initiated by negative ion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and spermine with the concentration of 0.25 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment 10: the concentration is 100g/L negative ion powder +1.25mmol/L spermine initiated seeds.
(4) Indoor low temperature germination test
Two layers of filter paper were spread in a glass petri dish with a diameter of 9cm and fully imbibed with water, and the seeds treated in each test were evenly placed on the filter paper, 50 seeds per dish, and repeated three times. Firstly, cultivating for 2d under the condition of illumination of 8 h/darkness 16h at 25 ℃, moving to the low temperature of 12 ℃ after seeds sprout and are white, cultivating for 5d under the condition of illumination of 8 h/darkness 16h, and cultivating for 9d under the condition of illumination of 8 h/darkness 16h at 25 ℃. The number of germinated seeds was counted daily, germination vigour (GE) was calculated on day 7, Germination Percentage (GP), average germination time (MGT), Germination Index (GI) and Vigor Index (VI) were calculated on day 16. After the germination test, 10 representative seedlings were selected and dried at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, and then the dry weight of the seedlings was measured.
In the embodiment of the invention:
germination vigour (%) - (number of germinated seeds/number of examined seeds within 7 d) × 100% formula I;
germination rate (%) - (number of germinated seeds/number of examined seeds within 16 d) × 100% formula II;
average germination time MGT ═ Σ (Gt × Dt)/∑ Gt, formula III;
wherein the germination index GI ═ Sigma (Gt/Dt); wherein Gt is the new germination number per day in the final period of the germination test, and Dt is the germination day number;
seed vigor index VI ═ sxgi formula IV;
wherein GI is germination index and S is young dry weight (mg/10 strain).
3. Results and analysis
After the seeds are soaked and initiated by combining 100g/L of negative ion powder and 0.01-1.25 mmol/L of spermine, the germination speed of the seeds of Xiangyan No. 5 naked seeds is obviously accelerated at a low temperature, and the vitality of the seeds is obviously improved (Table 1).
Compared with non-initiated dry seeds, the germination potential of the seeds subjected to combined seed soaking initiation treatment by the negative ion powder and the spermine with different concentrations is improved by 8.00-10.33%, the average germination time is shortened by 3.03-3.22 d, the germination index is improved by 74.58-75.81%, the seed vigor index is improved by 62.07-89.42%, and the difference of the four indexes of the combined seed soaking initiation treatment and the four indexes of the non-initiated dry seeds (CK1) reaches a very significant level.
Compared with the seeds (CK2) initiated by the negative ion powder of 100g/L, the germination potential of the seeds initiated by the negative ion powder and the spermine with different concentrations through combined seed soaking is improved by 5.33-7.67%, the average germination time is shortened by 2.36-2.55 d, the germination index is improved by 61.46-62.59%, and the seed vigor index is improved by 50.11-75.44%. The germination potential of each treatment of combined seed soaking initiation is different from that of 100g/L negative ion powder initiated seeds (CK2) to a significant level, and the other three indexes are different from that of 100g/L negative ion powder initiated seeds (CK2) to a very significant level.
Compared with the corresponding single seed soaking initiation treatment of spermine with different concentrations, the negative ion powder and the spermine with different concentrations have no obvious effect on the improvement of the germination potential, but the average germination time is shortened by 1.01-1.55 days, the germination index is improved by 23.56-34.94%, and the seed vitality index is improved by 1.46-48.43%. The two indexes of the average germination time and the germination index of each treatment of the combined seed soaking initiation and the corresponding independent seed soaking initiation treatment of the spermine concentration reach extremely obvious levels, but the two indexes of the germination potential and the seed vigor index of each treatment of the combined seed soaking initiation and the corresponding independent seed soaking initiation treatment of the spermine concentration have no obvious difference.
The results of measurement of a plurality of indexes are integrated, and the result shows that the initiation treatment effect of the anion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and the spermine with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L is optimal, the germination vigor, the average germination time, the germination index and the vitality index of Xiangyan No. 5 seeds are obviously improved, and compared with the initiation treatment of soaking seeds by independently using the anion powder and the spermine, the two indexes of the average germination time and the germination index are also obviously improved, the vitality of the Xiangyan No. 5 seeds in a low-temperature environment can be better improved, and the stress resistance of seedlings to the low-temperature environment is enhanced.
TABLE 1 influence of indoor Low temperature on the germination of Xiangyan No. 5 seeds
Note: the values in the table are the average values (n-3). Lower case letters after the values indicate significant differences between treatments (LSD test, α ═ 0.05 and 0.01)
Example 2
The procedure was exactly the same as in example 1, except that the tobacco variety G80 was selected.
In this embodiment, 10 processes of the selected design:
treatment 1: an unprimed seed (CK 1);
and (3) treatment 2: seed initiated with negative ion powder at a concentration of 100g/L (CK 2);
and (3) treatment: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 0.01 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 0.05 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment 5: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 0.25 mmol/L;
and (6) treatment: spermine-primed seeds at a concentration of 1.25 mmol/L;
and (7) treatment: seeds initiated by negative ion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and spermine with the concentration of 0.01 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment 8: seeds initiated by negative ion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and spermine with the concentration of 0.05 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment: seeds initiated by negative ion powder with the concentration of 100g/L and spermine with the concentration of 0.25 mmol/L;
and (4) treatment 10: the concentration is 100g/L negative ion powder +1.25mmol/L spermine initiated seeds.
The result is shown in table 2, after the initiation of combined seed soaking of 100G/L negative ion powder and 0.01-1.25 mmol/L spermine, the germination speed of the G80 naked seeds is obviously accelerated at low temperature, and the seed activity is obviously improved.
Compared with non-initiated dry seeds, the germination potential of the seeds subjected to combined seed soaking initiation treatment by the negative ion powder and the spermine with different concentrations is improved by 18.00-20.00%, the average germination time is shortened by 3.80-4.25 d, the germination index is improved by 91.85-102.20%, the seed vigor index is improved by 77.89-121.39%, and the difference of the four indexes subjected to combined seed soaking initiation treatment and non-initiated dry seeds (CK1) reaches a very significant level.
Compared with the seeds (CK2) initiated by the negative ion powder of 100g/L, the germination potential of the seeds initiated by the negative ion powder and the spermine with different concentrations through combined seed soaking is reduced by 2.00-4.00%, but the average germination time is shortened by 1.42-1.87 d, the germination index is improved by 41.47-49.11%, and the seed vigor index is improved by 36.52-69.90%. The germination potential of each treatment of combined seed soaking initiation has no significant difference with that of 100g/L negative ion powder initiated seeds (CK2), the two indexes of average germination time and germination index both reach significant levels with that of 100g/L negative ion powder initiated seeds (CK2), the vitality index of the seeds reaches significant levels with the combined seed soaking initiation treatment of 100g/L negative ion powder and 0.01mmol/L spermine and the seeds initiated by 100g/L negative ion powder (CK2), and the differences of the combined seed soaking treatment of the rest three concentrations of spermine and 100g/L negative ion powder and the seeds initiated by 100g/L negative ion powder (CK2) reach significant levels.
Compared with the corresponding independent seed soaking initiation treatment of spermine concentration, the germination potential of the seeds is improved by 1.00-6.66% by the combined seed soaking initiation treatment of the anion powder and the spermine with different concentrations, the average germination time is shortened by 1.36-2.12 days, the germination index is improved by 42.27-45.77%, and the seed vigor index is improved by 2.07-58.12%. The difference between the two indexes of the average germination time and the germination index of each treatment of combined seed soaking and initiation and the corresponding seed soaking and initiation treatment of spermine concentration alone reaches an extremely significant level, the difference between the seed activity index of the seeds subjected to the combined seed soaking and initiation treatment of spermine with the concentration of 100g/L negative ion powder and 0.25mmol/L spermine and the difference between the seed soaking and initiation treatment of spermine with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L spermine reach an extremely significant level, the difference between the seed activity index of the seeds subjected to the combined seed soaking and initiation treatment of spermine with the concentration of 100g/L negative ion powder and 0.05mmol/L and 1.25mmol/L spermine and the difference between the seed activity index of the seeds subjected to single seed soaking and initiation with the concentration of spermine of 100g/L negative ion powder and 0.01mmol/L has no significant difference. The germination vigor of each treatment induced by the combined seed soaking is not significantly different from that of the corresponding treatment induced by the seed soaking alone at the spermine concentration.
The results of measurement of a plurality of indexes are integrated, and the result shows that the initiating treatment effect of the negative ion powder with the concentration of 100G/L and the spermine with the concentration of 0.25mmol/L is optimal, the germination potential, the average germination time, the germination index and the vitality index of the G80 seeds are obviously improved, and compared with the initiating treatment of soaking seeds by singly using the negative ion powder and singly using the spermine, the two indexes of the average germination time and the germination index are also obviously improved, the vitality of the G80 seeds in a low-temperature environment can be better improved, and the stress resistance of seedlings to the low-temperature environment is enhanced.
TABLE 2 Effect of indoor Low temperature on G80 seed Germination
Note: the values in the table are the average values (n-3). Lower case letters after the values indicate significant differences between treatments (LSD test, α ═ 0.05 and 0.01).
The result analysis of the embodiment integrates the results, and the invention provides the initiator and the initiation method for improving the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds, which are beneficial to enhancing the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds, improving the activity of the tobacco seeds at low temperature, providing regular and strong tobacco seedlings for the tobacco production in southern tobacco regions and promoting the yield increase of tobacco growers; the method is favorable for enhancing the cold resistance of the tobacco seeds, accelerating the germination speed of the tobacco seeds, improving the seedling emergence regularity and the strong seedling rate, further avoiding economic loss caused by low temperature, and providing high-quality strong seedlings for the production of field tobacco leaves in southern tobacco areas.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An initiator for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds comprises anion powder and spermine which are independently packaged.
2. The initiator of claim 1, wherein the working concentration of the negative ion powder is 80-120 g/L;
the working concentration of the spermine is 0.01-1.25 mmol/L.
3. An initiation method for improving the cold resistance of tobacco seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps: placing the tobacco seeds which are sterilized and dried to the original weight in an 80-120 g/L negative ion powder water solution, carrying out first initiation for 24-48 h under a dark condition, cleaning and drying to the original weight to obtain primary initiation seeds;
and (3) placing the initial priming seeds in 0.01-1.25 mmol/L spermine aqueous solution, carrying out secondary priming for 12-24 h under a dark condition, and drying to the original weight to obtain the priming seeds.
4. The initiation method of claim 3, wherein the sterilizing comprises: soaking the tobacco seeds in 10 mass percent sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution for 30min, cleaning, and drying at 25 ℃ to the original weight of the seeds.
5. The initiation method according to claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the anion powder aqueous solution to the seeds is 4-6: 1.
6. The initiation method of claim 3, wherein the temperatures of the first initiation, drying, and second initiation are all 25 ℃.
7. The priming method of claim 3, wherein the weight ratio of the spermine aqueous solution to the seeds is 4-6: 1.
8. Use of the initiator of claim 1 or 2 to promote rapid germination of tobacco seeds.
9. Use of the initiator of claim 1 or 2 for improving the substantivity and emergence uniformity of tobacco seedlings in low temperature environments.
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