CN113994856A - Method for preventing tomato fruit cracking - Google Patents
Method for preventing tomato fruit cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN113994856A CN113994856A CN202111165707.4A CN202111165707A CN113994856A CN 113994856 A CN113994856 A CN 113994856A CN 202111165707 A CN202111165707 A CN 202111165707A CN 113994856 A CN113994856 A CN 113994856A
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- Prior art keywords
- tomato
- mixed solution
- tomatoes
- attapulgite
- fruit cracking
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/23—Solutions
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application provides a method for preventing tomato fruit cracking, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The method comprises the steps that during the tomato seedling culture period, attapulgite is added into a tomato seedling culture substrate, is fully stirred and mixed with the tomato seedling culture substrate, and is used for culturing seedlings in the mixed tomato seedling culture substrate; before the tomatoes are harvested, mixing attapulgite, monopotassium phosphate, sugar alcohol boron and sugar alcohol calcium, and adding water to form a first mixed solution, wherein the first mixed solution is used for being applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes. The method can reduce probability of tomato cracking.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for preventing and treating tomato fruit cracking.
Background
The tomato has the effects of stopping bleeding, lowering blood pressure, promoting urination, invigorating stomach, resolving food stagnation, promoting fluid production, quenching thirst, clearing away heat and toxic materials, cooling blood, and calming liver. Due to the appropriate proportion of vitamin A and vitamin C in the tomatoes, the functions of small blood vessels can be enhanced and the blood vessel aging can be prevented when people eat the tomato sauce frequently. The flavonoids in tomato not only have the functions of reducing the permeability of capillary vessels and preventing the capillary vessels from being ruptured, but also have the special effect of preventing angiosclerosis, and can prevent diseases such as cervical cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer and the like; in addition, it also has effects of caring skin and healing aphtha. Tomatoes are planted all over the country, but during production, the tomato fruit cracking disease is serious, the yield and the fruit quality are affected, and direct economic loss is caused to vegetable farmers.
The tomato cracking refers to that when the tomato fruit is nearly ripe, the peel cracks, the embryo tissue and the seeds are turned outwards along with the peel, the navel part of the fruit is turned seven times and eight times, some fruits are in a stripe shape on the fruit surface near the fruit stem or on the fruit top or on the side surface of the fruit, and the tomato fruit cracking is specifically divided into top cracking, crack cracking, zipper fruit and the like. Tomato dehiscence is very common in sunlight and greenhouse and belongs to physiological diseases. After the generation, the appearance and the price of the product are directly influenced, and the crack part can be infected by early blight, late blight or rotten due to bacterial infection, so that the value of the product is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method for preventing and treating tomato fruit cracking, so as to reduce the probability of the tomato fruit cracking phenomenon.
The embodiment of the application provides a method for preventing and treating tomato fruit cracking, wherein in the tomato seedling stage, attapulgite is added into a tomato seedling substrate, is fully stirred and mixed with the tomato seedling substrate, and is used for seedling in the mixed tomato seedling substrate; before the tomatoes are harvested, mixing attapulgite, monopotassium phosphate, sugar alcohol boron and sugar alcohol calcium and adding water to form a first mixed solution, wherein the first mixed solution is used for being applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes.
In the scheme, the attapulgite is mixed into the tomato seedling substrate, so that the volume weight of the tomato seedling substrate can be increased, the water holding capacity of the substrate is improved, the tomato seedling substrate has certain characteristics of absorbing and maintaining water due to the large surface area and the porous structure of the attapulgite, the attapulgite can play roles in retaining water and adjusting the pH value in soil by utilizing the cation exchange capacity of the attapulgite, certain trace elements can be provided for plants, and the growth of the plants is promoted. The tomato needs a large amount of potassium fertilizer for growth, the demand of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and if the potassium fertilizer is ignored only by applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium deficiency of the fruits can influence the absorption of calcium and boron elements by crops, so that the fruit cracking caused by improper fertilizer application is reduced. Before the tomatoes are harvested, attapulgite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugar alcohol boron and sugar alcohol calcium are mixed and added with water to form a first mixed solution, the attapulgite in the first mixed solution has good mechanical stability and can be used for enhancing the mechanical property of an aqueous emulsion, meanwhile, rich active groups on the surface of the attapulgite can improve the surface adhesive force of an emulsion base material, the adhesive force of the mixed solution of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the sugar alcohol boron and the sugar alcohol calcium on tomato leaves is increased, crops can fully absorb nutrients, and fruit cracking is reduced.
In addition, the attapulgite can be screened by a 400-mesh sieve, and then 40% of the attapulgite is selected.
In some embodiments, the first mixed solution is applied to the foliage of tomatoes at a rate of 30 kg/acre.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, through the quantity proportion of spraying of the first mixed solution of control, can carry out accurate control to first mixed solution volume of spraying to make the volume of spraying of first mixed solution reach the optimum volume, make the tomato more balanced to the absorption of nutrition during the fruit is ripe, avoid the nutrition surplus, and appear because of nutrition absorbs the unbalance, and the phenomenon that the tomato cracked the fruit appears, reduced the probability that the tomato takes place to crack the fruit.
In some embodiments, the tool employed in applying the first mixed solution to foliage is a sprayer.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, when using first mixed solution to spray, adopt the atomizer to spray, compare in the manual work and adopt the sprinkler to spray, the spraying effect after first mixed solution atomizes is better, and the first mixed solution who sprays forms the atomizing granule in the air, changes in the tomato and absorbs the nutrition of first mixed solution, and the absorption effect is better.
In some embodiments, the mixture ratio in the first mixed solution is 200g of attapulgite, 30g of monopotassium phosphate, 15ml of sugar alcohol boron, 15ml of sugar alcohol calcium and 15L of water.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, through the ratio of control first mixed solution, can make in the first mixed solution attapulgite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugar alcohol boron, sugar alcohol calcium reach optimum ratio, let the nutrient absorption of tomato in the growth process more balanced, avoid the phenomenon that insufficient nutrition or nutrition appear in the tomato.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: after the tomatoes are planted, at a first preset time, 8ml of 50% chlormequat chloride is added with 30L of water and applied according to a first preset dosage.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, irrigate after adopting chlormequat chloride to tomato field planting, can make the tomato turn short, the stem becomes thick, and the leaf color turns green to reach the vigorous control effect of tomato seedling stage, weak seedling can reduce its application amount, and the effect that the leaf can become little and black after using, disease resistance improves.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined time is any one of 10-15 days after the tomato is planted or 6-10 leaves are obtained.
In the technical scheme, the tomatoes have timeliness for absorbing nutrition, so that one of the tomatoes can be selected from 10-15 days after the tomatoes are planted or 6-10 leaves, and the tomatoes can be absorbed at a proper time according to actual conditions, so that the nutrition can be supplied at the most optimal time point of the tomatoes for nutrition demand, and the tomatoes grow better.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined amount is 50-100ml per shoot.
In the technical scheme, the dosage of chlormequat chloride is controlled to be 50-100ml per seedling irrigation amount, so that the phenomenon of nutrient deficiency or nutrient excess is avoided.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined amount may be selected according to the growth of the seedlings in an amount of 50-100ml per seedling.
According to the technical scheme, the dosage of chlormequat chloride is selected correspondingly according to the growth condition of the tomato seedlings, so that the nutrition absorption of the tomato seedlings is more balanced. Specifically, the application amount can be reduced when the seedlings are weak, and a smaller value is selected; and when the seedlings are strong, a larger value can be selected. For example, the irrigation amount of each seedling is 50ml, 55ml or 60ml in weak seedlings, and 90ml, 95ml or 100ml in strong seedlings.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when the petals of the tomato fall off, a second mixed solution obtained by mixing 3 mg/L1-naphthylacetic acid and 8mg/L kinetin is applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomato.
In the technical scheme, the 1-naphthylacetic acid has the advantages of improving the fruit setting rate and preventing the fruit from falling before picking, and the kinetin has the effects of delaying the aging of in vitro leaves and cut flowers, inducing the differentiation and development of buds and increasing the opening degree of stomata, so that the probability of fruit cracking of the tomatoes can be reduced by applying the 1-naphthylacetic acid and the kinetin in the second mixed solution to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes.
It should be noted that when the second mixed solution is applied to the leaf surface of the tomato, a sprayer can be used for spraying, so that the tomato can absorb the second mixed solution better.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: after harvesting of the tomatoes, a 0.1mol/L calcium chloride solution is applied to the surface of the fruits.
In the technical scheme, calcium is not only a mineral element necessary for plant growth, but also participates in the whole development process of cells to form a cell wall structure, so that the pericarp tissue is changed, and the pericarp toughness is enhanced. Therefore, the probability of cracking of the tomatoes can be reduced by spraying 0.1mol/L calcium chloride solution on the surfaces of the fruits.
Additional features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments.
All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used merely to distinguish one description from another, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Furthermore, in the description of the embodiments of the present application, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly and can include, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. Specific meanings of the above terms in the present embodiment can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
Examples
The embodiment of the application provides a method for preventing and treating tomato fruit cracking, wherein in the tomato seedling stage, attapulgite is added into a tomato seedling substrate, is fully stirred and mixed with the tomato seedling substrate, and is used for seedling in the mixed tomato seedling substrate; before the tomatoes are harvested, mixing attapulgite, monopotassium phosphate, sugar alcohol boron and sugar alcohol calcium and adding water to form a first mixed solution, wherein the first mixed solution is used for being applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes.
In the scheme, the attapulgite is mixed into the tomato seedling substrate, so that the volume weight of the tomato seedling substrate can be increased, the water holding capacity of the substrate is improved, the tomato seedling substrate has certain characteristics of absorbing and maintaining water due to the large surface area and the porous structure of the attapulgite, the attapulgite can play roles in retaining water and adjusting the pH value in soil by utilizing the cation exchange capacity of the attapulgite, certain trace elements can be provided for plants, and the growth of the plants is promoted. The tomato needs a large amount of potassium fertilizer for growth, the demand of nitrogen fertilizer is reduced, and if the potassium fertilizer is ignored only by applying a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer, the potassium deficiency of the fruits can influence the absorption of calcium and boron elements by crops, so that the fruit cracking caused by improper fertilizer application is reduced. Before the tomatoes are harvested, attapulgite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugar alcohol boron and sugar alcohol calcium are mixed and added with water to form a first mixed solution, the attapulgite in the first mixed solution has good mechanical stability and can be used for enhancing the mechanical property of an aqueous emulsion, meanwhile, rich active groups on the surface of the attapulgite can improve the surface adhesive force of an emulsion base material, the adhesive force of the mixed solution of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate, the sugar alcohol boron and the sugar alcohol calcium on tomato leaves is increased, crops can fully absorb nutrients, and fruit cracking is reduced.
It should be noted that the attapulgite is usually used for controlling the adsorbability, but is never applied to tomato substrates to prevent the tomato from cracking, and the cation exchange capacity of the attapulgite is utilized to ensure that the attapulgite has the functions of water retention and pH value regulation in soil and can provide certain trace elements for plants, which is very innovative and has a good effect of preventing the tomato from cracking in the practical use of seedling culture of the tomato substrates.
In addition, the attapulgite can be screened by a 400-mesh sieve, and then 40% of the attapulgite is selected.
In some embodiments, the first mixed solution is applied to the foliage of tomatoes at a rate of 30 kg/acre.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, through the quantity proportion of spraying of the first mixed solution of control, can carry out accurate control to first mixed solution volume of spraying to make the volume of spraying of first mixed solution reach the optimum volume, make the tomato more balanced to the absorption of nutrition during the fruit is ripe, avoid the nutrition surplus, and appear because of nutrition absorbs the unbalance, and the phenomenon that the tomato cracked the fruit appears, reduced the probability that the tomato takes place to crack the fruit.
In some embodiments, the tool employed in applying the first mixed solution to foliage is a sprayer.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, when using first mixed solution to spray, adopt the atomizer to spray, compare in the manual work and adopt watering device to spray, the spraying effect after first mixed solution atomizes is better, and the first mixed solution who sprays forms the atomizing granule in the air, changes in the tomato and absorbs the nutrition of first mixed solution, and the absorption effect is better.
In some embodiments, the mixture ratio in the first mixed solution is 200g of attapulgite, 30g of monopotassium phosphate, 15ml of sugar alcohol boron, 15ml of sugar alcohol calcium and 15L of water.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, through the ratio of control first mixed solution, can make in the first mixed solution attapulgite, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sugar alcohol boron, sugar alcohol calcium reach optimum ratio, let the nutrient absorption of tomato in the growth process more balanced, avoid the phenomenon that insufficient nutrition or nutrition appear in the tomato.
The sugar alcohol boron is simply understood to be a foliar fertilizer prepared by mixing sugar alcohol and boron element fertilizer and simply processing, the sugar alcohol foliar fertilizer is mainly in a liquid state, and the principle is that the sugar alcohol can be quickly transmitted in the phloem of the plant to drive nutrients to be efficiently utilized, so that the nutrient absorption time is shortened. Likewise, the sugar alcohol calcium is also the same. Therefore, in the scheme, compared with the traditional fluid boron (boric acid) and calcium, the sugar alcohol boron and the sugar alcohol calcium can easily and efficiently permeate into plant bodies through plasma membranes, cell gaps, cuticles and other parts, so that loss such as rain wash is avoided, the absorption efficiency is higher, the fertilizer efficiency is more durable, and the tomato nutrient absorption is more facilitated.
In addition, when the first mixed solution is used for spraying, the first mixed solution can be sprayed in small amount for a plurality of times, for example, the first mixed solution can be sprayed once for 10 days, and the total amount of the first mixed solution is 3 to 4 times, and of course, the spraying time can be determined according to the actual growth condition of the tomatoes.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: after the tomatoes are planted, at a first preset time, 8ml of 50% chlormequat chloride is added with 30L of water and applied according to a first preset dosage.
Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, irrigate after adopting chlormequat chloride to tomato field planting, can make the tomato turn short, the stem becomes thick, and the leaf color turns green to reach the vigorous control effect of tomato seedling stage, weak seedling can reduce its application amount, and the effect that the leaf can become little and black after using, disease resistance improves.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined time is any one of 10-15 days after the tomato is planted or 6-10 leaves are obtained.
In the technical scheme, the tomatoes have timeliness for absorbing nutrition, so that one of the tomatoes can be selected from 10-15 days after the tomatoes are planted or 6-10 leaves, and the tomatoes can be absorbed at a proper time according to actual conditions, so that the nutrition can be supplied at the most optimal time point of the tomatoes for nutrition demand, and the tomatoes grow better.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined amount is 50-100ml per shoot.
In the technical scheme, the dosage of chlormequat chloride is controlled to be 50-100ml per seedling irrigation amount, so that the phenomenon of nutrient deficiency or nutrient excess is avoided.
In some embodiments, the first predetermined amount may be selected according to the growth of the seedlings in an amount of 50-100ml per seedling.
According to the technical scheme, the dosage of chlormequat chloride is selected correspondingly according to the growth condition of the tomato seedlings, so that the nutrition absorption of the tomato seedlings is more balanced. Specifically, the application amount can be reduced when the seedlings are weak, and a smaller value is selected; and when the seedlings are strong, a larger value can be selected.
For example, the irrigation amount of each seedling is 50ml, 55ml or 60ml in weak seedlings, and 90ml, 95ml or 100ml in strong seedlings.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: when the petals of the tomato fall off, a second mixed solution obtained by mixing 3 mg/L1-naphthylacetic acid and 8mg/L kinetin is applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomato.
In the technical scheme, the 1-naphthylacetic acid has the advantages of improving the fruit setting rate and preventing the fruit from falling before picking, and the kinetin has the effects of delaying the aging of in vitro leaves and cut flowers, inducing the differentiation and development of buds and increasing the opening degree of stomata, so that the probability of fruit cracking of the tomatoes can be reduced by applying the 1-naphthylacetic acid and the kinetin in the second mixed solution to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes.
It should be noted that when the second mixed solution is applied to the leaf surface of the tomato, a sprayer can be used for spraying, so that the tomato can absorb the second mixed solution better.
In some embodiments, the method further comprises: after harvesting of the tomatoes, a 0.1mol/L calcium chloride solution is applied to the surface of the fruits.
In the technical scheme, calcium is not only a mineral element necessary for plant growth, but also participates in the whole development process of cells to form a cell wall structure, so that the pericarp tissue is changed, and the pericarp toughness is enhanced. Therefore, the probability of cracking of the tomatoes can be reduced by spraying 0.1mol/L calcium chloride solution on the surfaces of the fruits.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for controlling tomato fruit cracking, comprising:
in the tomato seedling raising period, adding attapulgite into a tomato seedling raising matrix, fully stirring and mixing the attapulgite with the tomato seedling raising matrix, and raising seedlings in the mixed tomato seedling raising matrix;
before the tomatoes are harvested, mixing attapulgite, monopotassium phosphate, sugar alcohol boron and sugar alcohol calcium and adding water to form a first mixed solution, wherein the first mixed solution is used for being applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes.
2. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 1,
the first mixed solution is applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes at the dosage of 30 kg/mu.
3. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 1,
the tool used when applying the first mixed solution to foliage is a sprayer.
4. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 1,
the first mixed solution comprises 200g of attapulgite, 30g of monopotassium phosphate, 15ml of sugar alcohol boron, 15ml of sugar alcohol calcium and 15L of water.
5. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 1, further comprising:
after the tomatoes are planted, at a first preset time, 8ml of 50% chlormequat chloride is added with 30L of water and applied according to a first preset dosage.
6. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 5,
the first preset time is 10-15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes or any one of 6-10 leaves.
7. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 5,
the first preset dosage is 50-100ml of irrigation amount of each seedling.
8. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 7,
the first preset dosage is selected according to the growth condition of seedlings, and the irrigation quantity of each seedling is 50-100 ml.
9. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 1, further comprising:
when the petals of the tomato fall off, a second mixed solution obtained by mixing 3 mg/L1-naphthylacetic acid and 8mg/L kinetin is applied to the leaf surfaces of the tomato.
10. The method for controlling tomato fruit cracking according to claim 1, further comprising:
after harvesting of the tomatoes, a 0.1mol/L calcium chloride solution is applied to the surface of the fruits.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202111165707.4A CN113994856A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Method for preventing tomato fruit cracking |
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| CN202111165707.4A CN113994856A (en) | 2021-09-30 | 2021-09-30 | Method for preventing tomato fruit cracking |
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