CN113987659A - Building design method based on BIM technology - Google Patents
Building design method based on BIM technology Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a building design method based on a BIM technology, which comprises the following steps: designing a concept: according to the urban overall planning requirement and user requirements, building a preliminary model through field and environment simulation analysis; scheme design: building a wind speed analysis model and a lighting analysis model on the primary model for simulation analysis, carrying out scheme comparison and selection through analysis data and comprehensive factors, and estimating structure selection; the achievement of the perfect scheme is as follows: perfecting the scheme model and establishing a building center file database, covering the equipment rooms and pipeline lines on the primary model and forming an overall model; designing a construction drawing: guiding the design scheme of the overall model into 3Dmax, performing collision detection and three-dimensional pipeline synthesis, adjusting and optimizing collided pipelines, and deriving an optimized two-dimensional construction drawing; projection imaging: and displaying the design scheme of the optimized model by using a BIM rendering technology, outputting various digital effect graphs of the design scheme, and displaying the digital effect graphs by using 3D projection stereoscopically.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of buildings, relates to artificial intelligence design, and particularly relates to a building design method based on a BIM (building information modeling) technology.
Background
The design process of the traditional building industry can be mainly divided into three major stages, namely a scheme design stage, a preliminary design stage and a construction drawing design stage. In the scheme design stage, after engaging tasks and on-site investigation, designers conceive schemes meeting design requirements and various drawings, descriptions, main equipment selection types, technical and economic indexes and summary overall scheme descriptions and advantages and disadvantages according to a design task book; then recommending a scheme, finally reporting a design scheme and carrying out optimization design. In the initial design stage, the construction profession and other professions provide data mutually, each profession provides related requirements and then coordinates the relation among all professions, and finally, technical explanation and engineering approximate calculation are compiled. In the construction drawing design stage, the professions need to be coordinated and communicated with each other, drawing drawings meeting construction requirements, and finally determining the budget and the shape of all projects.
In the traditional building design process, the operation flow of the whole project is complex, the solving means is single, and the working efficiency is low. Firstly, the communication between each professional department is more loaded down with trivial details in the aspect of project design, can not realize synchronous coordination, and the frequent phenomenon that leads to personnel to change frequently because the project cycle is long appears often, and the design drawing is wrong to make whole project impel slowly. Secondly, during project engagement, if the entrusting party and the design party have dissimilarities in the process of discussing the scheme, different professional modules need to be optimized and adjusted, and finally the entrusting party carries out examination. Thirdly, in the actual construction process, the construction according to the drawing of the traditional design can not implement the site change, and the subsequent construction can be carried out after the new discussion with the design side, so that the project construction difficulty is higher and the efficiency is lower for the construction side, thereby causing the project progress to be slow and the fund to be seriously lost.
The traditional project design process is usually designed according to the sequence of 'building-structure-water electricity', and due to different specialties, problems of insufficient communication, information blockage and the like can occur during communication and butt joint in different links, so that conflicts and differences exist among versions of different design individuals, such as conflicts inside civil engineering, conflicts among various specialties of water and electricity heating and conflicts among building structures and various devices, and under the condition, certain risks can be brought to the implementation of the project. In a word, in the work flow of the traditional building design, the working spaces of the professionals are relatively independent, so that the communication among the professionals is not flexible, the information exchange frequency depends on a system, and the information exchange quality depends on the literacy of personnel, so that the cooperation and coordination among the professionals are not good.
The advent of CAD technology has enabled designers to move from traditional hand drawing boards to drawing using computer software, which is the first informative revolution experienced by the construction industry. During CAD design, designers need to draw each view of a building respectively, and when the views are subjected to detail adjustment, the drawings such as planes, facades and sections need to be modified one by one to achieve the purpose of modification. Before the whole project design is completed, the CAD designer needs to complete the calculation models of the flows of structure calculation, thermal calculation, energy-saving calculation, engineering quantity statistics and the like, and then can adjust each single item.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and provides a building design method based on a BIM technology, which comprises a full life cycle information model in a design process and a building engineering management behavior model and effectively integrates the two models in the same system for optimization management.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: a building design method based on BIM technology comprises the following steps:
s1, concept design: according to the urban overall planning requirement and combined with the requirements of building users on energy conservation, environmental protection and comfort of modern life, a designer carries out conceptual design by simulating and analyzing the field and the environment, determines the scheme size and the function partition and builds a preliminary model;
s2, scheme design: creating a scheme on the basis of S1, building a wind speed analysis model and a lighting analysis model on the primary model for simulation analysis, carrying out scheme comparison and selection through analyzing data and comprehensive factors, estimating structure selection, and determining an optimal scheme;
s3, perfecting the scheme: perfecting a scheme model and establishing a building center file database to form a scheme stage result, preliminarily determining the positions and areas of equipment rooms and pipeline lines through scheme comparison and preliminary positioning, covering the equipment rooms and the pipeline lines on the preliminary model and forming an overall model design scheme;
s4, designing a construction drawing: guiding the design scheme of the overall model into 3Dmax, carrying out collision detection and three-dimensional pipeline synthesis by using a 3D projection imaging technology after scaling matched with the model of the field area, adjusting and optimizing the collided pipeline, deriving an optimized two-dimensional construction drawing, and auditing the construction drawing;
s5, projection imaging: and displaying the design scheme of the optimized model by using a BIM (building information modeling) rendering technology, outputting various digital effect graphs of the design scheme, and displaying the overall scheme model in a three-dimensional and three-dimensional manner by using a 3D (three-dimensional) projection imaging technology.
In the building design method based on the BIM technology, in step S1, on the premise of the traditional life pattern based on the region, the existing conditions are creatively protected and utilized, and the unreasonable layout pattern, region division, space structure and resource allocation are changed in the design direction.
In the building design method based on the BIM technology, in step S2, a wind speed analysis model imports 3Dmax through wind direction data and wind force data measured by a wind speed measuring instrument, constructs a wind speed vector analysis diagram and a wind speed field analysis cloud diagram, presents the wind speed vector analysis diagram and the wind speed field analysis cloud diagram in a three-dimensional mode, adds a plurality of groups of oriented, height and modeling buildings into a primary model to obtain surface pressure analysis diagrams of different buildings under wind power, dissects the wind pressure cloud diagram, marks wind pressures of different regions of a three-dimensional space by different colors, attaches the different colors to different primary models and builds a wind speed model.
In the building design method based on the BIM technology, in step S2, a daylighting analysis model obtains a 3Dmax through a sunshine track picture and data measured by shooting equipment, firstly, a spectrogram is generated, then, a spectral region is covered on a wind speed model, then, the lighting and wind speed model is subjected to three-dimensional simulation, the light receiving heights and the sunshine times of different buildings are measured and labeled, then, daylighting coefficients of different building orientations and designs are calculated, and an optimal scheme is determined.
In the building design method based on the BIM technology, in step S2, at least one of the technical means of 3D scanning, photographing, mapping and panoramic view is adopted to collect the image-text data.
In the building design method based on the BIM technology, in step S2, when the graph information is imported into a computer and the field area model is established through 3Dmax, the coordination of the inside and outside environment of the area in the model is increased through multiple methods of borrowing, grouping, dividing and adding scenes.
In the building design method based on the BIM technology, in step S2, the wind velocity vector diagram and the wind velocity field analysis cloud map are stereoscopically projected on different preliminary models, the wind direction and the wind velocity are changed according to the local seasonal climate conditions, the troposphere maps of the wind outlet and the building are analyzed, and the troposphere maps are fused into the wind velocity field analysis cloud map.
Compared with the prior art, the building design method based on the BIM technology has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional two-dimensional computer mapping mode, the BIM provides a design mode which is more intuitive and has a common target, creates and shares computable, high-consistency and strong-cooperation building project information, and provides high-quality design drawings, virtual models and operation management files.
2. The BIM completes modeling in a specific file format supported by a computer system, and then relevant data in the BIM is imported into corresponding construction software. The method comprises the steps of establishing a building model, a structural model and an equipment model of a project according to a two-dimensional design drawing by using Revit software, then carrying out three-dimensional dynamic display on design results, enabling design parties, construction parties and other parties to understand scheme design and observe the design results visually, checking the economy of design and the feasibility of technology, finding problems before construction and adjusting correspondingly in time, and achieving information coordination and cost control of the construction project.
3. The BIM technology is applied, so that various conflict situations can be effectively avoided, and conflict points can be found out and prompted by the automatic detection function of BIM system software. The BIM can integrate all professional drawings participating in design into the same building information model, and provides a good platform for collaborative design among all the professionals.
4. Designers can visually and vividly show the design result for owners through the BIM technology, and the design result is rendered in a matching manner with certain effect, so that the design result can be traced and can be relied on, the owners can judge whether the design really meets the requirements of the owners more rationally, and the design can be timely fed back to the designers, so that the corresponding optimization adjustment is made to enable the design of the whole project to achieve the win-win result of the owners, the designers and the constructors.
5. The BIM design method has to be bound in the same file because each specialty is tightly combined on the platform of the central file, especially the electromechanical specialty, and the modification of the model is directly reflected on the model, so that the compactness of information flow is formed. And due to the intuition of the model, the interpretation time is shortened, the communication effect is strengthened, the communication links are reduced, the stability and the accuracy of information are ensured, and the design quality is improved. The BIM three-dimensional simulation working mode reflects the building construction condition truly, records related detailed data information, exposes design problems completely, and transparentizes many problems, so that many construction problems can be discovered and solved in advance, the rationality and quality of building design are improved fundamentally, and compared with later-stage change, the BIM three-dimensional simulation working mode has great economic benefit and value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of the building design method based on BIM technology.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the BIM technology is available, so that an architect is not worried about expressing a three-dimensional space form by using a pure two-dimensional drawing, the operability of the architect on the building form is expanded, and the design and construction of a building project are advanced from two dimensions to three-dimensional or even four-dimensional digital ranks.
The BIM design only needs one model to generate different views, and during detail adjustment, the aim of global adjustment can be achieved by only modifying corresponding components. That is, the building model of BIM can directly complete the comprehensive operation of the flows of structure calculation, thermal calculation, energy-saving calculation, engineering quantity statistics and the like, and can perform single adjustment. The BIM not only comprises a full life cycle information model in the design process, but also comprises a construction engineering management behavior model, and the two models are effectively integrated under the same system for optimization management, so that high automation is realized.
The BIM design process is an information cooperative behavior based on real-time interaction of the same platform, the whole process can generate a large amount of information, how to organize the information, when to organize what information to provide for who, and how to utilize the obtained information and the like is actually a management core of BIM design work.
As shown in fig. 1, the building design method based on the BIM technology includes the following steps:
s1, concept design: according to the urban overall planning requirement and combined with the requirements of building users on energy conservation, environmental protection and comfort of modern life, a designer carries out conceptual design by simulating and analyzing the field and the environment, determines the scheme size and the function partition and builds a preliminary model;
s2, scheme design: creating a scheme on the basis of S1, building a wind speed analysis model and a lighting analysis model on the primary model for simulation analysis, carrying out scheme comparison and selection through analyzing data and comprehensive factors, estimating structure selection, and determining an optimal scheme;
s3, perfecting the scheme: perfecting a scheme model and establishing a building center file database to form a scheme stage result, preliminarily determining the positions and areas of equipment rooms and pipeline lines through scheme comparison and preliminary positioning, covering the equipment rooms and the pipeline lines on the preliminary model and forming an overall model design scheme;
s4, designing a construction drawing: guiding the design scheme of the overall model into 3Dmax, carrying out collision detection and three-dimensional pipeline synthesis by using a 3D projection imaging technology after scaling matched with the model of the field area, adjusting and optimizing the collided pipeline, deriving an optimized two-dimensional construction drawing, and auditing the construction drawing;
s5, projection imaging: and displaying the design scheme of the optimized model by using a BIM (building information modeling) rendering technology, outputting various digital effect graphs of the design scheme, and displaying the overall scheme model in a three-dimensional and three-dimensional manner by using a 3D (three-dimensional) projection imaging technology.
Preferably, in step S1, on the premise of the traditional life pattern based on the region, the existing conditions are creatively protected and utilized, and the unreasonable layout pattern, region division, space structure and resource allocation are changed in the design direction.
Preferably, in step S2, the wind speed analysis model imports 3Dmax through wind direction data and wind force data measured by the wind speed measuring instrument, constructs a wind speed vector analysis graph and a wind speed field analysis cloud graph, and presents them stereoscopically, adds a plurality of groups of facing, heights and shapes of buildings into the primary model, obtains surface pressure analysis graphs of different buildings under wind force, dissects the wind pressure cloud graphs, marks wind pressures in different regions of the three-dimensional space with different colors, attaches different colors to different primary models, and builds the wind speed models.
Preferably, in step S2, the lighting analysis model captures a sunlight trajectory picture and data measured by the device and introduces 3Dmax, first generates a spectrogram, then covers a spectral region on the wind speed model, then three-dimensionally emulates the illumination and wind speed model, measures and labels the light receiving heights and sunlight times of different buildings, then calculates the lighting coefficients of different building orientations and designs, and determines the optimal solution.
Preferably, in step S2, at least one of the techniques of 3D scanning, photographing, mapping and panoramic image is used to collect the image-text data.
Preferably, in step S2, when the graphic information is imported into the computer and the field area model is built according to 3Dmax, the coordination between the inside and outside environment of the area in the model is increased by a plurality of methods, such as borrowing, grouping, dividing and adding scenes.
Preferably, in step S2, the wind velocity vector diagram and the wind velocity field analysis cloud map are stereoscopically projected on different preliminary models, the wind direction and the wind velocity are changed according to the local seasonal climate conditions, the troposphere maps of the wind outlet and the building are analyzed, and the troposphere maps are fused into the wind velocity field analysis cloud map.
Benefits to owners in pre-construction
1. Using integrated project delivery approaches to improve collaboration
When owners make project purchases using Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), project teams can use BIM at the design initial stage, improving their understanding of project requirements, and avoiding written communication and associated delays.
2. Concept, feasibility, and design presentation
When a designer is required to design a building, the designer needs to determine the specified size of the building, the quality level, the expected specification requirements, and whether the building can be constructed within a predetermined budget and time. The designer evaluates whether the building meets the owner's financial requirements and, if a relatively positive answer can be given, the owner can expect the goal to be achieved. If the design is found to be far beyond the budget after a lot of time and effort is expended, a lot of resources will be wasted. Therefore, the BIM cooperation management technology brings a rough (or macroscopic) building model built in or connected to the cost database, which is of great value and help for the owners.
3. Increasing the performance and quality of buildings
Before building detail models (stepped building models) are built, a scheme model (schema model) is developed, and the proposed scheme can be more carefully evaluated to determine whether it meets the functional and persistent requirements of the building. The BIM technology is used for analysis, and a modeling tool is used for evaluation of an initial design scheme, so that the overall quality of the building can be improved.
Design benefits of BIM technology
1. Automatic low-order correction when design changes
Objects designed by BIM technology software are controlled by parameterization rules, and models do not produce errors in geometric, alignment, and spatial coordination, which can reduce the need for user management of design changes.
2. Earlier and more accurate design visualization
The 3D model generated by the BIM technology software is designed directly by the software, not generated by multiple 2D views, so that at any stage in the process, visualization is performed and view-to-actual-size consistency can be achieved.
3. Advance collaboration in multiple areas of expertise
The BIM technology can be used for perceiving the design problem earlier and providing the opportunity for continuous improvement of the design, and compared with the method that after the design is nearly finished and a great design decision is made, the analysis of value engineering is carried out, the cost benefit is more met.
4. Producing accurate and consistent 2D drawings at any stage of design
Specific views of any object or project can be extracted to produce an accurate and consistent drawing, reducing a significant amount of time for all areas of expertise, and also reducing the number of errors in producing drawings during design. When a design change is required, a completely consistent drawing is generated immediately after the input design modification.
5. Cost estimation is extracted at the design stage
At any stage of the design, the BIM technique can be extracted for prediction into the correct quantity and space list for cost prediction. In the early stages of design, the cost is estimated based on a formula for inputting a significant amount of the project, such as the number of parking spaces, the area of each type of office, or the cost per unit area. As the design progresses, more detailed quantities are available, making the cost estimate more accurate and detailed. To the extent that the design progresses to the level of detail required for construction bidding, BIM techniques may let aspects know of the costs associated with the design. At the final stage of the design, the final cost can be estimated more accurately based on the number of all the objects contained in the model. Thus, using BIM techniques is more likely to make more informed design decisions than a written-in based system.
Compared with the prior art, the building design method based on the BIM technology has the following beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional two-dimensional computer mapping mode, the BIM provides a design mode which is more intuitive and has a common target, creates and shares computable, high-consistency and strong-cooperation building project information, and provides high-quality design drawings, virtual models and operation management files.
2. The BIM completes modeling in a specific file format supported by a computer system, and then relevant data in the BIM is imported into corresponding construction software. The method comprises the steps of establishing a building model, a structural model and an equipment model of a project according to a two-dimensional design drawing by using Revit software, then carrying out three-dimensional dynamic display on design results, enabling design parties, construction parties and other parties to understand scheme design and observe the design results visually, checking the economy of design and the feasibility of technology, finding problems before construction and adjusting correspondingly in time, and achieving information coordination and cost control of the construction project.
3. The BIM technology is applied, so that various conflict situations can be effectively avoided, and conflict points can be found out and prompted by the automatic detection function of BIM system software. The BIM can integrate all professional drawings participating in design into the same building information model, and provides a good platform for collaborative design among all the professionals.
4. Designers can visually and vividly show the design result for owners through the BIM technology, and the design result is rendered in a matching manner with certain effect, so that the design result can be traced and can be relied on, the owners can judge whether the design really meets the requirements of the owners more rationally, and the design can be timely fed back to the designers, so that the corresponding optimization adjustment is made to enable the design of the whole project to achieve the win-win result of the owners, the designers and the constructors.
5. The BIM design method has to be bound in the same file because each specialty is tightly combined on the platform of the central file, especially the electromechanical specialty, and the modification of the model is directly reflected on the model, so that the compactness of information flow is formed. And due to the intuition of the model, the interpretation time is shortened, the communication effect is strengthened, the communication links are reduced, the stability and the accuracy of information are ensured, and the design quality is improved. The BIM three-dimensional simulation working mode reflects the building construction condition truly, records related detailed data information, exposes design problems completely, and transparentizes many problems, so that many construction problems can be discovered and solved in advance, the rationality and quality of building design are improved fundamentally, and compared with later-stage change, the BIM three-dimensional simulation working mode has great economic benefit and value.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A building design method based on BIM technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, concept design: according to the urban overall planning requirement and combined with the requirements of building users on energy conservation, environmental protection and comfort of modern life, a designer carries out conceptual design by simulating and analyzing the field and the environment, determines the scheme size and the function partition and builds a preliminary model;
s2, scheme design: creating a scheme on the basis of S1, building a wind speed analysis model and a lighting analysis model on the primary model for simulation analysis, carrying out scheme comparison and selection through analyzing data and comprehensive factors, estimating structure selection, and determining an optimal scheme;
s3, perfecting the scheme: perfecting a scheme model and establishing a building center file database to form a scheme stage result, preliminarily determining the positions and areas of equipment rooms and pipeline lines through scheme comparison and preliminary positioning, covering the equipment rooms and the pipeline lines on the preliminary model and forming an overall model design scheme;
s4, designing a construction drawing: guiding the design scheme of the overall model into 3Dmax, carrying out collision detection and three-dimensional pipeline synthesis by using a 3D projection imaging technology after scaling matched with the model of the field area, adjusting and optimizing the collided pipeline, deriving an optimized two-dimensional construction drawing, and auditing the construction drawing;
s5, projection imaging: and displaying the design scheme of the optimized model by using a BIM (building information modeling) rendering technology, outputting various digital effect graphs of the design scheme, and displaying the overall scheme model in a three-dimensional and three-dimensional manner by using a 3D (three-dimensional) projection imaging technology.
2. The BIM technology-based building design method of claim 1, wherein the existing conditions are creatively protected and utilized in step S1 on the premise of the traditional life pattern based on the area, and unreasonable layout pattern, area division, space structure and resource allocation are changed in the design direction.
3. The BIM technology-based building design method of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the wind speed analysis model is used for importing 3Dmax according to wind direction data and wind force data measured by a wind speed measuring instrument, constructing a wind speed vector analysis diagram and a wind speed field analysis cloud diagram, presenting the wind speed vector analysis diagram and the wind speed field analysis cloud diagram in a three-dimensional manner, adding a plurality of groups of oriented, height and modeling buildings into the primary model to obtain surface pressure analysis diagrams of different buildings subjected to wind power, dissecting the wind pressure cloud diagram, labeling wind pressures in different regions of the three-dimensional space with different colors, attaching different colors to different primary models, and building a wind speed model.
4. The BIM technology-based building design method as claimed in claim 3, wherein in step S2, the daylighting analysis model takes the sunshine track picture and data measured by the shooting equipment and introduces 3Dmax, a spectrogram is first generated, then the spectral region is covered on the wind speed model, then the lighting and wind speed model is three-dimensionally simulated, the lighting height and sunshine duration of different buildings are measured and labeled, then the daylighting coefficients of different building orientations and designs are calculated, and the optimal scheme is determined.
5. The BIM technology-based building design method of claim 4, wherein the step S2 is performed by at least one of 3D scanning, photographing, mapping and panoramic image data.
6. The BIM technology-based building design method of claim 5, wherein in step S2, when the graphic information is imported into the computer and the on-site area model is built through 3Dmax, the coordination of the inside and outside environment of the area in the model is increased through multiple methods of borrowing, grouping, dividing and adding scenes.
7. The BIM technology-based building design method of claim 6, wherein in step S2, the wind velocity vector diagram and the wind velocity field analysis cloud map are stereoscopically projected on different preliminary models, the wind direction and the wind velocity are changed according to the local seasonal climate conditions, the troposphere maps of the wind outlet and the building are analyzed, and the troposphere maps are fused into the wind velocity field analysis cloud map.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114819720A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉有方设计有限公司 | Capital construction project cost analysis method, system and computer storage medium |
| CN114937137A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-23 | 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 | BIM and GIS-based building environment intelligent analysis method |
| CN116580419A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-11 | 江西慧航工程咨询有限公司 | AI-based building model testing method |
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2021
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114819720A (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2022-07-29 | 武汉有方设计有限公司 | Capital construction project cost analysis method, system and computer storage medium |
| CN114819720B (en) * | 2022-05-19 | 2023-01-31 | 广州京穗勘察设计有限公司 | Capital construction project cost analysis method, system and computer storage medium |
| CN114937137A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-08-23 | 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 | BIM and GIS-based building environment intelligent analysis method |
| CN114937137B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-09-30 | 中国建筑第二工程局有限公司 | BIM and GIS-based building environment intelligent analysis method |
| CN116580419A (en) * | 2023-07-13 | 2023-08-11 | 江西慧航工程咨询有限公司 | AI-based building model testing method |
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