CN113360583A - Construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison - Google Patents
Construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison, and belongs to the technical field of calculation, calculation or counting. The method comprises the following steps: building a BIM model with the precision and the granularity meeting the construction progress management requirement, and endowing the BIM model with a recognizable unique code; hanging construction plan data on the built BIM model; acquiring image data shot by construction monitoring equipment, and identifying a construction structure and a built structure of a construction area; and automatically analyzing the recognition result and the planned progress, and reflecting the progress state and the progress deviation through different colors of the BIM model. Under the background that more and more project application BIM models and monitoring equipment are used, the application paths of the BIM models and the monitoring equipment in construction are expanded, and an informatization scheme with excellent intuition and integrity is provided for construction progress management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and an image recognition technology, in particular to a construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison, and belongs to the technical field of calculation, calculation or counting.
Background
The engineering construction project has the characteristics of being huge, complex, long in period, multiple in related units and the like, and the 'construction project postponing influence factor research based on principal component analysis' (Pengyu, Chongqing university, 2014.) demonstrates that progress, cost and quality are three leading targets of the construction project, and emphasizes the important position of the progress target, and a careful and reasonable progress plan is a detailed operation guide for realizing the progress target. Therefore, for an actual project which is relatively complicated in relation and has many processes, whether or not the work can be carried out accurately in accordance with the planned construction period directly relates to the final completion quality of the project.
However, as taught in the document of the "comprehensive pipe gallery full life cycle safety risk identification system" (qianmongming, Shandongfen, Luming, civil engineering and management institute, 2019, 36(05): 40-44.), the conventional schedule management method is generally formulated based on the WBS (Work break down Structure) method, i.e., the project elements are grouped with deliverables as guidance, and the conventional project schedule management method has limitations: (1) the project division granularity is rough, the schedule is not visual enough, project managers are not easy to master the schedule details, and the resource arrangement is not reasonable easily; (2) for a large project with complex professional composition, delay conditions in the construction process are not easy to find and adjust in time, and the progress is probably dragged one by one; (3) progress management is not closely associated with cost, resource management, etc., and often cannot optimize schedule and cost.
On the other hand, modern project management is developing towards refinement, and requirements on main control targets such as construction progress are becoming stricter and stricter. As proposed in the literature of railway engineering project management system application research based on BIM (Zhang Yi, Huang Yi, Zhu Smart, railway engineering journal, 2019, 36(09): 98-103), how to make reasonable construction plan, accurately master construction progress, optimize and use various construction resources, achieve the purposes of shortening construction period, reducing cost, improving quality, realizing safe production and civilized construction, and become the consensus of construction managers in modern engineering project management. The introduction of the BIM technology into construction progress management is an important means for achieving the purpose, specific implementation modes have been partially explored, a construction progress management system is developed by applying the information management capability of a BIM model to Chinese patent with the application number of CN2015109151730 and the name of a construction progress management method based on a visualization technology, and Chinese patent with the application number of CN2016107881004 and the name of a railway roadbed construction progress management system and management method based on 3DGIS and an engineering three-dimensional model, but the hooking of the BIM model and data is completely performed by manpower, and the BIM model and data is applied to engineering projects with large volume and complex structures and has the defect of huge workload. Chinese patent with application number CN2017100172641 entitled "building construction progress management platform and method based on BIM-IFC technology" proposes that measured data is obtained by laser equipment and compared with planned data, but additional equipment needs to be erected, the planned data is converted into an IFC standard format file and then compared with the measured progress data, the advantage of not fully utilizing BIM visual attributes is obtained, and the comparison result of the planned data and the measured data cannot be visually displayed in a BIM model.
Therefore, the invention aims to provide a construction progress visualization method based on the BIM model and monitoring image comparison, so as to expand the application paths of the BIM model and the monitoring equipment in construction under the background that more and more BIM models and monitoring equipment are applied to more and more engineering projects, and provide an informatization scheme with excellent intuition and integrity for construction progress management.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction progress visualization method based on the comparison between a BIM (building information modeling) model and a monitoring image, aims to visually display the comparison result of planned data and measured data in the BIM model by hanging the measured data and the planned progress data on the BIM model, and solves the technical problem that the BIM visualization attribute is not fully utilized in the existing method for managing construction progress by adopting the BIM model.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the aim of the invention:
a construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison comprises the following steps:
building a BIM model with the precision and the granularity meeting the construction progress management requirement, and endowing the BIM model with a recognizable unique code;
hanging construction plan data on the built BIM model;
acquiring image data shot by construction monitoring equipment, identifying a construction area under construction structure and an established structure, and hanging actual construction data to a BIM (building information modeling) model according to an identification result;
and comparing the plan data with the actual construction data, and reflecting the progress state and the progress deviation through different colors of the BIM model.
Optionally, the BIM model with the precision and the granularity meeting the management requirement of the construction progress is a three-dimensional model with the granularity which is built according to the characteristics of the engineering structure and the modeling software and according to the collaborative modeling thought and the finest construction granularity on site consistent with each other; the engineering structure characteristics comprise structural plane, longitudinal section and cross section change characteristics, and whether the composition form of each structure comprises a standardized component or not; the modeling software features include model generation logic, unit utilization mode, and parameterization level.
Optionally, the BIM model with accuracy and granularity meeting the requirement of construction progress management is a model that graphically represents the size, shape, position, number, direction, detailed design information, manufacturing, assembling and installing information of the model and meets the additional requirement of non-geometric information.
Optionally, after building a BIM model with precision and granularity meeting the requirement of construction progress management, performing performance optimization on the BIM model, wherein the performance optimization of the BIM model specifically comprises the following three aspects: the instantiation technology is applied to reduce the occupation of the repeated model to software and hardware; determining resource allocation of model rendering according to the position and the importance of the structural model in the display environment, and improving the efficiency of model loading; and deleting or simplifying certain skeletons of the model, and carrying out model lightweight.
Optionally, the BIM is endowed with a recognizable unique code, meets requirements of delivery precision of an as built model and decomposition of a construction model, requirements of geometric attributes and non-geometric attributes and requirements of readability, stability, expandability and other computer meanings, and consists of two parts, namely a structural code and an engineering code.
Optionally, before hooking the construction plan data to the built BIM model, processing the construction plan data into a data format recognizable by a program, where the processing of the construction plan data includes: dividing the construction tasks of the engineering project into 4 levels, namely a mark section progress task, a subsection engineering progress task with foundation pit division and a specific work progress task. The information contained in the planned work progress data of each level of construction task is as follows: the method comprises the following steps that a progress task name, a plan progress starting time, a plan progress ending time, an actual construction starting time, an actual construction ending time, a task type, a task ID and a father task ID are included, and specific work progress tasks further have unique codes of related BIM components besides the information, wherein the task types are divided into two types which are respectively installation and removal and are used for distinguishing specific work tasks of structures which need to be installed and removed firstly in a project at different stages; the task ID is a unique code of each level of construction task; the parent task ID is a code of a previous-level construction task to which the current-level construction task belongs. Inputting the construction plan starting time and the construction plan finishing time of each task of each level according to the specific construction quantity, working surface, construction speed and time interval; and the development program checks the processed data and uniformly adjusts the format of the processed data.
Optionally, the hanging of the construction plan data on the built BIM model is a fusion scheme of a general model and data based on the association of a model tree and an information tree, firstly, the management progress data and the BIM model are divided by adopting a tree structure, namely, for the progress data, the information tree is constructed by dividing the progress data according to the 4 hierarchies, each hierarchy can be connected with the planned progress data and the actual progress data, and the change of the progress data does not affect the hierarchies, for the BIM model, the BIM model is divided according to engineering structure grades according to unit engineering, subsection engineering and project division to construct a model tree, then a development program identification identity field determines the mapping relation between an information tree and the model tree through the uniqueness codes, and specific work progress tasks with the lowest level and the finest granularity are hooked with the BIM model, so that progress information is hooked with the BIM model.
Optionally, before acquiring image data shot by the construction monitoring equipment, matching between the monitoring equipment and the virtual camera and the real camera of the BIM viewing angle camera is completed according to the following method: acquiring the position and the shooting angle of the monitoring equipment; coordinate point matching calculation is carried out by combining the coordinates of the monitoring equipment and the BIM model, and virtual-real camera matching of the camera and the BIM visual angle camera is completed.
Optionally, identifying the under-construction structure and the built structure of the construction area, and performing the following processing on the construction area image: preprocessing the construction area image; carrying out edge detection on the preprocessed image; constructing geometric information according to the edge detection result; under the common constraint of the scene image cognitive structure and the position angle of the monitoring equipment, the BIM corresponding to the recognized structure in the real scene is determined, and the rapid mapping and dynamic updating from the image data to the three-dimensional geometric model are realized.
Optionally, after identifying the under-construction structure and the built structure of the construction area, the specific method for hooking the actual construction progress data includes: according to the result of identifying the construction area in the construction structure, automatically recording the construction starting time and the construction ending time and recording the construction starting time and the construction ending time into a system; and determining the actual construction progress information of the BIM corresponding to the built structure and the corresponding BIM according to the mapping relation between the image data and the BIM, and filling the actual construction progress data into a progress information tree based on the correlation between the model tree and the information tree.
Optionally, the method for automatically comparing the planning data with the actual construction data specifically includes: dividing construction stages into three types according to actual construction conditions: not started, in progress, completed; and at the running time of the system, according to the real-time state of the constructed member, the constructed member is corresponding to three types of construction stages, and the difference between the planned time and the construction time of the constructed member is analyzed.
Optionally, the method for representing the progress state and the progress deviation through different colors of the BIM model specifically includes:
for the components which do not start construction, if the construction plan starting time is not reached, the components do not change the color marks to indicate that the components are not started, and if the components are not started after the construction plan starting time is exceeded, the components display red to indicate a serious warning;
for the component under construction, if the construction plan completion time is not reached, the component displays yellow to indicate that the construction is in a normal construction state; if the scheduled completion time has been exceeded, the component displays an orange color to indicate a general warning;
the completed component is displayed as green to indicate a completed state.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention realizes the informationized assistance to the construction progress management, expands the application of the BIM information model and the monitoring equipment under the condition of not increasing the hardware investment, improves the informationized and visualized level of the construction progress management, provides a new scheme with higher efficiency and reliability compared with the traditional construction progress management method at lower cost, and reduces or even avoids the loss caused by the delay of the construction period.
(2) The invention provides a BIM model and construction plan processing method suitable for engineering practice, which improves the availability of the construction plan and enhances the guidance value of the construction plan.
(3) The invention provides a feasible information cooperation scheme, and provides a fusion scheme of a general model and data based on the association of a model tree and an information tree.
(4) The method can realize the visualization means assistance, and reflects the construction state and the delay condition of the construction member by different colors, thereby changing the traditional mode of easily causing mistakes and omissions, and finely mastering the construction delay condition by a power-assisted project.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a construction progress management method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of an example of main structure uniqueness codes of a BIM model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an exemplary diagram of an envelope uniqueness code of a BIM model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an exemplary diagram of the BIM model uploaded to the system after being lightweight.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a planning processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a planned hitching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of acquiring and identifying image data.
Fig. 8 is an exemplary diagram of a visualization result provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout.
The invention provides a construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison, which is shown in figure 1, and takes the practical application of a certain tunnel engineering as an example, and comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a tunnel main structure BIM model and an enclosure BIM model with the precision and the granularity meeting the construction management requirements: for a main structure, firstly, three-dimensional linear templates and cross section templates are respectively created in Power civil according to a horizontal curve parameter, a vertical curve parameter and a cross section typical structure chart given by a design drawing, then, segmentation starting and ending points are set on the three-dimensional linear templates according to construction deformation joints, corresponding cross section templates are selected for each segmentation, a standard tunnel main structure model can be generated, and finally, according to an actual construction process, the main structure is transversely segmented into a top plate, a bottom plate, a middle partition wall and a side wall by using Boolean operation in Microstation, and a final main structure model is obtained. For the enclosure structure, firstly, models with accurate size and shape are created in the Microstation according to a design drawing, and then the models are placed according to a layout drawing to obtain the models with accurate quantity, position and direction. And finally integrating the main body and the building envelope model as a visual carrier of progress management.
(2) And (3) endowing the built BIM model with identifiable unique codes: the custom information hooking function of the application software Microstation adds custom text attributes to the BIM model and hooks the formulated codes to the BIM model. The coding format of the main structure is 'large class structure-middle class structure-small class structure-construction section-space code', the coding format of the envelope structure is 'large class structure-middle class structure-small class structure-construction section-construction number', and fig. 2 and 3 are coding examples of the main structure and the envelope structure BIM model.
(3) Carrying out lightweight treatment on the built BIM model: firstly, an instantiation technology is applied, any model in structures with a large number of models with the same geometric attributes, such as piles in an SMW construction method, underground continuous walls and the like, is set as an application unit, and spatial information of the unit is given to the unit through point location selection and is quoted to each position; converting the model into an efficient, easily-extensible and collaboratable S3M format cache by adopting Idesktop software of the hypergraph; then, according to the position and the importance of the model, setting a visible distance and a visible height for each type of structure model by using Idesktop, and ensuring that the average frame rate of the cache is over 60; and finally, uploading the processed model to a management system and setting a detail display mode, namely when the three-dimensional scene is zoomed in, rendering the model to be very fine, and when the whole scene is browsed, displaying the model only in a rough mode. Fig. 4 shows a management system after the model weight reduction processing.
(4) Carrying out thinning treatment on the construction plan: firstly, dividing construction plan information of a project into four levels of a mark section progress task, a subsection project progress task divided by a foundation pit, a subsection project progress task divided by the foundation pit and a specific work progress task, and listing the four levels in Excel, wherein each line of the Excel respectively comprises a task ID, a father task ID, a task name, a task type (installation or removal), a plan starting time, a plan ending reality, an actual starting time and an actual ending time;
then, inputting the construction plan starting time and ending time of each task of each level according to the construction quantity and time interval in the construction plan, the working surface provided by a construction unit and the construction speed;
and finally, developing a program by using Visual Basic for Applications language, adding a macro command of Excel, and checking and uniformly adjusting the format of the processed data: checking the uniqueness of a task ID; secondly, checking whether a space or a blank exists in the task ID; thirdly, checking whether the English field has case and case errors; and fourthly, the date format is unified, so that the platform reading is convenient to use as the basis of the system automatic reading.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a planning processing method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(5) Hanging construction plan data on the built BIM model: uploading the Excel table obtained in the step (4) to a system to form an information tree, associating the information tree with the model uploaded in the step (3), hooking the specific work progress task with the lowest level and the finest granularity with the BIM model, and fixing the mapping relation between the progress information and the model through unique coding.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a mapping method between an information tree and a model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
(6) Acquiring image data shot by construction monitoring equipment, and identifying a construction area under construction structure and a constructed structure: firstly, the position and the shooting angle of monitoring equipment are obtained, coordinate point matching calculation is carried out by combining the construction coordinates of the monitoring equipment and a BIM model, matching of the monitoring equipment and a virtual camera and a real camera of a BIM visual angle camera is completed, and then the area of the BIM model corresponding to the obtained image is accurately limited by combining a scene understanding technology and the common constraint of the cognitive result of a scene image and the posture of the monitoring equipment.
And then, the acquired image is enhanced, the histogram of the original image is converted into a uniformly distributed form by adopting a gray histogram equalization method, and the dynamic range of the gray value of the pixel is expanded by changing the shape of the gray histogram, so that the effect of enhancing the contrast of the image is achieved.
And finally, performing edge detection on the preprocessed image, constructing geometric information according to an edge detection result, determining a BIM (building information modeling) model corresponding to a structure in a real scene through common constraint of a cognitive structure of the scene image and a position angle of the monitoring equipment, and realizing rapid mapping and dynamic updating of image data to a three-dimensional geometric model.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an embodiment of acquiring and identifying image data.
(7) Automatically analyzing the recognition result and the planned progress, and reflecting the progress state and the progress deviation through different colors of the BIM model:
and (4) according to the identification result of the construction area under construction in the step (6), automatically recording construction starting time and construction finishing time by the system, recording the construction starting time and the construction finishing time into the system, identifying the identity field and hanging the construction progress information and the BIM based on the model and the information tree mapping relation established in the step (5).
After the steps are completed, the system is used for automatically comparing the relation between the progress plan corresponding to each BIM model and the actual construction period, and presenting the relation in a visual mode, specifically: for the components which do not start construction, if the construction plan starting time is not reached, the components do not change the color marks to indicate that the components are not started, and if the components are not started after the construction plan starting time is exceeded, the components display red to indicate a serious warning; for the component under construction, if the construction plan completion time is not reached, the component displays yellow to indicate that the construction is in a normal construction state; if the scheduled completion time has been exceeded, the component displays an orange color to indicate a general warning; the completed component is displayed as green to indicate a completed state.
Fig. 8 is a drawing for an example of a visualization result provided by the embodiment of the present invention.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A construction progress visualization method based on BIM model and monitoring image comparison is characterized in that,
building a BIM model with the precision and the granularity meeting the construction progress management requirement and endowing the BIM model with an identifiable unique code;
generating a construction plan data information tree comprising 4 levels of a specific work progress task, a project progress task divided with a foundation pit, a project progress task divided with the foundation pit and a mark section progress task according to the sequence from the bottom layer to the top layer, recording the starting time and the ending time of a construction plan, and hanging the construction plan data on a BIM through BIM model uniqueness codes contained in the specific work progress task;
acquiring image data shot by construction monitoring equipment, identifying a structure under construction and a built structure of a construction area, recording construction starting time and construction finishing time of the structure under construction of the construction area according to the corresponding relation between the identified structure in the image data and a BIM (building information model) to obtain actual construction data, and hanging the actual construction data on the corresponding BIM;
and comparing the construction plan data and the actual construction data which are connected to the BIM model to obtain the construction progress and generating a visual result which reflects the construction progress state and the progress deviation.
2. The construction progress visualization method based on the BIM model and the monitored image comparison as claimed in claim 1, wherein the BIM model with the precision and the granularity meeting the management requirement of the construction progress is a three-dimensional model with the granularity being built according to the characteristics of engineering structures and modeling software and according to a collaborative modeling thought and the finest construction granularity on site; the three-dimensional model is hierarchically divided according to unit engineering, subsection engineering and project division; the engineering structure characteristics comprise structural plane, longitudinal section and cross section change characteristics, and whether the composition form of each structure comprises a standardized component or not; the modeling software features include model generation logic, unit utilization, and parameterization level.
3. The BIM-based construction progress visualization method based on the comparison of the monitoring images as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planned work progress data of each level of construction tasks of the construction plan data information tree comprises the following information: the construction method comprises the following steps of a progress task name, plan progress starting time, plan progress ending time, actual construction starting time, actual construction ending time, task type, task ID and father task ID, wherein the task type is installation and removal, the task ID is a unique code of each level of construction task, and the father task ID is a code of a previous level of construction task to which the current level of construction task belongs.
4. The method for visualizing the construction progress based on the comparison between the BIM and the monitoring image as claimed in claim 1, wherein before the image data shot by the construction monitoring equipment is obtained, coordinate point matching calculation is performed by combining the construction coordinates of the monitoring equipment and the BIM, the virtual camera and the real camera of the BIM visual angle camera are matched, and the obtained area image corresponding to the BIM is determined under the common constraint of the cognitive result of the scene image and the posture of the monitoring equipment.
5. The method for visualizing the construction progress based on the BIM model and the monitored image comparison as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for identifying the under-construction structure and the built structure of the construction area comprises: and preprocessing the image of the construction area, carrying out edge detection on the preprocessed image, and identifying the built structure and the built structure according to the geometric information built according to the edge detection result.
6. The construction progress visualization method based on the BIM model and the monitoring image comparison as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method for comparing the construction plan data articulated on the BIM model with the actual construction data to obtain the construction progress and generating the visualization result reflecting the construction progress state and the progress deviation is as follows: comparing the construction plan starting time and the construction plan finishing time which are constructed, and the construction starting time and the construction finishing time to determine a construction progress state which is constructed, and adjusting the color of a BIM model corresponding to a construction member according to the construction progress state, wherein the method specifically comprises the following three conditions:
for the under-construction members which do not start to be constructed, if the construction plan starting time is not reached, the color of the BIM model corresponding to the under-construction members is not changed to indicate that the under-construction members are not started, and if the construction plan starting time is exceeded, the BIM model corresponding to the under-construction members is adjusted to be red to indicate serious warning;
for the under-construction members under construction, if the construction plan completion time is not reached, the BIM corresponding to the under-construction members is adjusted to be yellow to represent that the under-construction members are in a normal construction state, and if the construction plan completion time is exceeded, the BIM corresponding to the under-construction members is adjusted to be orange to represent common warning;
and adjusting the finished building component corresponding BIM model to be green to represent that the building component is in a finished state.
7. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the BIM model is compared with the monitored image to visualize the construction progress, and the region image corresponding to the BIM model is enhanced, the histogram of the original image is transformed into a uniform distribution form by using a gray histogram equalization method, and the dynamic range of the gray value of the pixel is expanded by changing the shape of the gray histogram.
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