CN113979984B - 一种水溶性黄酮类铝离子荧光探针的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种水溶性黄酮类铝离子荧光探针的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenecarboxaldehyde Natural products O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针,所述荧光探针是3、4‑二{2‑[2‑(2‑甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}苯甲醛与邻羟基苯乙酮通过羟醛缩合和氧化关环反应合成的具有水溶性的黄酮醇类化合物,其化学结构式如式(I)所示。本发明的荧光探针在水溶液中对Al3+有独特的荧光选择性、极高的灵敏性和很强的抗其他金属离子干扰能力,检测极限可低至2.57×10‑8M。本发明提供了一种简单、灵敏的铝离子检测探针,具有广阔的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机化合物合成、荧光探针和精细化工技术领域,具体涉及一种水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针。
背景技术
轻金属铝,重量轻,耐腐蚀,硬度比较小,具有良好的延展性,以其轻、良好的导电和导热性能、高反射性和耐氧化而被广泛使用。而铝作为地壳中最丰富的金属元素,易溶于稀硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠和氢氧化钾等溶液,难溶于水。但是随着社会和技术的发展,铝金属离子的过量对生态环境造成严重污染,对人类健康造成严重危害。研究表明,铝元素能损害人的脑细胞,同时随着土壤中铝离子含量的增加,会抑制植物的生长。根据世界卫生组织(WHO)的报告,人体每日铝离子摄入量约为3~10mg,长期过量摄入将导致阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、血色素沉着症、骨质疏松症等多种疾病。因此,开发和研究一种快速、有效、方便、准确的铝离子检测方法对世界的健康发展具有重要的意义。
检测金属离子的方法有很多,如荧光分析、吸收光谱、原子发射光谱和电感耦合等离子体光谱等。与其他检测技术相比,荧光分析具有灵敏度高、选择性高、操作简单、检测效率高等优点,已受到广泛的关注。虽然上述其他方法都可以准确地测定金属离子的含量,但在样品数量较大时,它们具有成本高、响应时间长、选择性差等缺点。基于此,开发一种新型的、简单的在水介质中具有较高的选择性铝离子荧光探针具有重要的科学意义。
黄酮醇是一种重要的类黄酮化合物,是重要的天然植物功能色素,广泛分布于水果、蔬菜和花卉中;在自然界中,黄酮醇分布广泛且合成简单,与其他进行激发态分子内质子转移(ESIPT)过程的化合物相比,黄酮醇类化合物是一种很有应用前景的生物荧光团。ESIPT是指分子受到激发到达激发态后,质子从给体沿着分子氢键到达相邻的N、S、O等杂原子上的异构化过程。ESIPT效应在自然界中广泛存在,其中最典型的是3-羟基黄酮(3-HF)衍生物。然而,大多数黄酮仅溶于有机溶剂,在水中溶解性较差。因此,鉴于以上原因,本发明对3-羟基黄酮进行结构修饰,引入亲水性基团制备出具有水溶性且检测极限低的3-羟基黄酮类荧光探针分子,这对丰富荧光探针的研究具有重要的意义。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明通过分子设计,合成出一种具有专一选择性好、抗干扰能力强、pH值应用范围广和检测限低的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针。
本发明还提供上述水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的制备方法。
本发明还提供上述水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的应用。
技术方案:为了实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案是:一种水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针,其化学结构如式(I)所示:
上述水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的合成方法,其特征在于,它是按以下实验步骤合成得到;
(1)将邻羟基苯乙酮与(3、4-二{2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}
苯甲醛(II)通过羟醛缩合反应得到化合物(III);
(2)在碱性条件下,用过氧化氢与化合物(III)发生氧化关环反应,即可得到水溶性黄酮类荧光探针化合物(I)。
上述的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的具体合成路线如下:
所述步骤(1)是采用下述方法完成:将5mmol 3、4-二{2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}苯甲醛(II)、5.5mmol邻羟基苯乙酮以及12.5mmol氢氧化钠固体溶于25mL乙醇中,室温搅拌反应30min,于70℃下回流3h,得到化合物(III)。
所述步骤(2)是采用下述方法完成:将上述含有化合物(III)的混合物冷却至室温,再向含有化合物(III)的混合物加入1.5mL H2O2搅拌反应2小时;反应结束后,反应所得混合物先用真空蒸发部分溶剂,用25mL二氯甲烷萃取三次,合并有机层,并用饱和盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤、蒸发得到粗产物,然后使用硅胶柱层析分离提纯,得到黄酮类荧光探针(I)。
本发明的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针在水溶液的环境中对Al3+有独特的荧光响应性。
配置水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针(I)的水溶液,分别加入含有定量的各种金属离子溶液,如Ag+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Sn2+、Hg2+和Fe2+溶液,通过荧光光谱测试来研究对不同离子的选择性识别作用,结果如图1所示,通过其荧光发射波谱强度变化发现,本发明所述的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针(I)对Al3+有独特的荧光响应性,当与铝离子作用后荧光强度显著增强。另外,取一定量的荧光探针溶液,并逐渐加入Al3+至1当量,荧光探针(I)在489nm处的荧光强度随着Al3+浓度增加而增强,其结果如图2所示。将荧光探针(I)在滴加Al3+过程中,选取荧光强度作为纵坐标,滴加当量作为横坐标,进行线性拟合得线性回归曲线y=41.4787x+17.7017,结果如图3所示,表明线性相关度高,因此,该荧光探针可用于铝离子的定量分析检测。
本发明所述水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针在检测铝离子时对不同金属离子具有优良的抗干扰性,结果如图4所示,加入其他金属离子对该荧光探针(I)的荧光强度几乎没有影响,由此可证实本发明所述荧光探针(I)在水溶液中对Al3+有独特的荧光选择性和较强的抗其它金属离子干扰能力。
本发明所述的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针具有pH值应用范围广特点,如图5所示,在pH值在4-11范围内,探针对铝离子的识别仍具有稳定的荧光发射,宽的pH值应用范围有助于提高荧光探针的实际检测性能。
本发明还包括水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针应用于洋葱活植物细胞的荧光成像的研究,如图6所示,表明本发明所述的水溶性黄酮类荧光探针能成功用于生物体系中铝离子的检测。
本发明的有益效果是:(1)该荧光探针的合成路线简单、反应条件温和、提纯方法简便;(2)本发明实现了铝离子探针的选择性快速检测,并且选择性好,抗其他金属离子干扰能力强,检测极限低至2.57×10-8M。因此,本发明是一种快速、灵敏的铝离子检测试剂,在分析化学、环境检测领域具有广阔的应用前景。
附图说明
图1是荧光探针(I)(2×10-7M)的水溶液中加入1当量的不同金属离子后的荧光强度图;
图2是荧光探针(I)(2×10-7M)的水溶液中进行Al3+荧光滴定图。图中FLintensity为荧光发射强度,Wavelength为波长,发射波长为489nm;
图3是荧光探针(I)以选取的不同当量Al3+下离子浓度为横坐标与荧光强度为纵坐标的线性拟合图;横坐标为滴加Al3+的浓度,单位为10-5mol/L;
图4是荧光探针(I)(2×10-7M)和等当量的Al3+共存的水溶液中加入10当量的其它金属离子后荧光强度的变化柱状图;
图5是不同pH值对荧光探针(I)识别Al3+荧光强度的影响图;
图6是荧光探针(I)应用于含有不同浓度的Al3+的洋葱活植物细胞中的荧光成像。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明做进一步的详细说明。
实施例一
水溶性黄酮类铝离子荧光探针(I)的制备
将乙醇(25mL)、(3、4-二{2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}苯甲醛(II)(5mmol)、邻羟基苯乙酮(5.5mmol)和氢氧化钠固体(12.5mmol)依次加入装有冷凝器和温度计的100mL三颈瓶中,室温搅拌反应30min后,于70℃下回流3h,得到化合物(III);冷至室温,再向含有化合物(III)的混合物中加入H2O2水溶液(质量分数30%,1.5mL)搅拌反应2h;反应结束后,反应所得混合物先真空蒸发部分溶剂,每次用25mL二氯甲烷分别萃取三次,合并有机层并用饱和盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、蒸发得到粗产物,然后使用硅胶柱层析分离提纯,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:石油醚(v/v=2:3),得到淡黄色固体荧光探针化合物(I),产率77%。1H NMR(CDCl3,400MHz,ppm)δ:8.25(dd,1H),7.90-7.88(m,2H),7.70(ddd,1H),7.59(d,1H),7.41(ddd,1H),7.05(d,1H),7.00(s,1H),4.30-4.25(m,5H),3.93-3.90(m,4H),3.79-3.76(m,4H),3.71-3.65(m,8H),3.57-3.54(m,4H),3.38(s,3H),3.37(s,3H)。
实施例二
水溶性黄酮类荧光探针对不同金属离子的选择性研究
精确配制荧光探针(I)(2×10-7M)的水溶液,制成储备液,取出1mL加入到10mL的容量瓶中,分别加入1当量的不同金属离子标准溶液,即Ag+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Mn2 +、Cu2+、Sn2+、Hg2+和Fe2+、Al3+溶液,由图1可以发现,当Al3+加入后,荧光探针(I)的溶液发出明亮的绿色荧光,Al3+在489nm处有明显的荧光增强现象;而加入其他金属离子后没有引起任何荧光变化,表明该荧光探针(I)对铝离子具有很好专一性识别作用,可作为检测Al3+的特异性荧光探针。
实施例三
水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针随Al3+加入当量的增加荧光图谱的变化
从实施例二制备的储备液中取出1mL加入到10mL的容量瓶中,加入不同当量的三价铝离子标准溶液,定容至10mL,测量发射波长在489nm的荧光强度变化,结果如图2所示,黄酮类Al3+荧光探针溶液的荧光强度随着Al3+加入量的增加荧光逐渐增强,表明该水溶性黄酮类荧光探针对Al3+浓度变化具有高度敏感的荧光响应。以选取的不同当量Al3+下离子浓度为横坐标与荧光强度为纵坐标的进行线性拟合,结果如图3所示,荧光强度与离子浓度变化具有很好的线性关系。
实施例四
水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针在检测铝离子时对不同金属离子抗干扰性
从实施例二中荧光探针的储备液中取出1mL加入到10mL的容量瓶中,加入等当量三价铝离子标准溶液,然后分别加入10当量其他金属离子,定容至10mL。竞争金属离子包括Ag+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、Zn2+、Cd2+、Co2+、Mn2+、Cu2+、Sn2+、Hg2+和Fe2+,观察荧光发射在489nm处荧光强度的变化,结果如图4所示,可以发现,当加入其他金属离子对黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的荧光强度几乎没有影响,表明该黄酮类荧光探针在检测铝离子时对其他金属离子具有良好的抗干扰性。
实施例五
不同pH值对水溶性黄酮类荧光探针识别Al3+的影响:
为了研究获得检测Al3+的最佳pH值范围,研究了有和没有Al3+存在的情况下荧光探针(I)在不同pH值下荧光强度的变化,由图5可见,pH值在3-12范围内,不加Al3+的荧光探针(I)荧光探针的荧光强度在pH值为3-12范围内仍然很弱;相比之下,有Al3+存在的情况下,pH值在4-10范围内荧光探针(I)荧光强度显著增强并保持稳定。表明该黄酮类荧光探针(I)适用的pH值范围较广,有助于提高该荧光探针的实际检测性能。
实施例六
水溶性黄酮类荧光探针应用于洋葱活植物细胞Al3+识别荧光成像。
从当地的蔬菜农场买来洋葱,用蒸馏水冲洗。将洁净的洋葱样品在10μM黄酮类荧光探针(I)水溶液中浸泡2h后,分为两组,一组保持空白(不加Al3+溶液),另一组加入不同浓度的Al3+溶液(0、5、10、15、20μM),30min后用蒸馏水洗涤洋葱样品三次,再用共聚焦荧光显微镜拍摄荧光图像。由图6可见,黄酮类荧光探针(I)在活的植物Al3+识别作用得到应用,用黄酮类荧光探针(I)作用不含Al3+的洋葱绿色荧光很弱;用黄酮类荧光探针(I)作用于含有Al3+的洋葱,随着Al3+浓度的增加,荧光发射强度逐渐增强。因此,荧光成像结果表明,该黄酮类荧光探针具有良好的组织穿透性,能应用于活植物细胞中铝离子的检测。
Claims (5)
1.一种水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针,其特征在于:其化学结构式如式(I)所示,
2.权利要求1所述水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的合成方法,其特征在于,它是按以下实验步骤合成得到;
(1)将邻羟基苯乙酮与3、4-二{2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}苯甲醛(II)通过羟醛缩合反应得到化合物(III),其结构式如下:
(2)在碱性条件下,用过氧化氢与步骤(1)得到的化合物(III)发生氧化关环反应,即可制得水溶性黄酮类荧光探针化合物(I),其结构式如下:
3.根据权利要求2所述的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的合成方法,其特征在于,将5mmol3、4-二{2-[2-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)乙氧基]乙氧基}苯甲醛(II)、5.5mmol邻羟基苯乙酮以及12.5mmol氢氧化钠固体溶于25mL乙醇中,室温搅拌反应30min,加热回流3h,得到化合物(III)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针的合成方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)是采用下述方法完成:将含有化合物(III)的反应混合物冷却至室温,再向含有化合物(III)的混合物加入1.5mL H2O2搅拌反应2小时,得到化合物(I)。
5.权利要求1所述水溶性黄酮类Al3+荧光探针在检测三价铝离子中的应用,其特征在于,在水溶剂环境中进行三价铝离子的含量检测。
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