CN113977194A - Process method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell - Google Patents
Process method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113977194A CN113977194A CN202111228768.0A CN202111228768A CN113977194A CN 113977194 A CN113977194 A CN 113977194A CN 202111228768 A CN202111228768 A CN 202111228768A CN 113977194 A CN113977194 A CN 113977194A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of an easily-deformed thin-wall shell part made of high-strength cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a process method for preventing shell from solid solution deformation. The technical problem that the product is scrapped due to the fact that the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity of a certain cast shell exceeds the technological requirement by 1-2mm after the certain cast shell is machined by the existing technological route is solved. On the basis of fully understanding YRZ-02 high-strength cast aluminum alloy characteristics and a shell structure, the novel process method adopts the measures of designing equivalent wall thickness at a boss and other parts, heating step by step, cooling by PAG water-based quenching liquid and increasing a solid solution deformation-preventing tool 4, and controls the deformation of the shell within the process requirement range on the premise of ensuring performance indexes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of an easily-deformed thin-wall shell part made of high-strength cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a process method for preventing shell from solid solution deformation.
Background
The casting shell of a certain product is made of high-strength casting aluminum alloy, and the performance requirements after solid solution aging are as follows: sigma b is more than or equal to 360MPa, sigma 0.2 is more than or equal to 340MPa, and delta 5 is more than or equal to 3.5 percent. The inner cavity of the shell is not allowed to be processed (except for a boss), the size of the inner cavity is detected in a solid solution aging process, and the tolerance is +/-0.3 mm.
The process route of the shell is as follows: casting, rough machining, wall thickness measurement, flaw detection, solid solution aging, inner cavity diameter measurement, semi-fine machining, stress relief aging, outer circle finish turning, wall thickness measurement, stress relief aging, hole system machining, painting and final inspection. The shell needs to be subjected to 3 heat treatment processes, and the heat treatment process schemes of solid solution aging, stress relief aging and stress relief aging are determined according to the design requirements of a product drawing. The solid solution aging process is to ensure that the final performance of the product meets the design requirements of the drawing, namely sigma b is more than or equal to 360MPa, sigma 0.2 is more than or equal to 340MPa, and delta 5 is more than or equal to 3.5 percent.
The technological parameters of the solid solution aging process are as follows: water cooling at 520 deg.C +12h
Air cooling at 170 ℃ +10h
The stress relief aging process is used for eliminating the stress generated by the product due to cutting and clamping in the machining process, so that the size of the product is stabilized.
In actual production, the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity of the shell after solid solution exceeds the process requirement from the sample stage, generally ranges from 1mm to 2mm, and reaches 3mm at most, so that the product is scrapped.
Theoretical analysis
The deformation of the shell after solid solution is mainly caused by the structure of the inner cavity of the shell, the shape of the shell is shown in figures 1 and 2, the inner cavity is provided with a plurality of bosses (through holes are processed on the bosses at last), annular ribs and the wall thickness of the formed shell is 5.5 +/-0.3 mm. In the heating and cooling process, the temperature rise, the cooling speed and the structure transformation of different parts are asynchronous under the influence of the wall thickness difference, and meanwhile, in the casting process, the difference of the compactness of the sand mold also has adverse effect on the deformed product of the shell, and the shell is deformed under the influence of comprehensive factors. Therefore, the problem of deformation of the housing is required to be solved by taking measures from the aspects of housing shape, casting, heat treatment and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a technical method for preventing shell solid solution deformation, aiming at solving the technical problem that the product is scrapped because the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity of a certain cast shell exceeds the technological requirement by 1-2mm after the certain cast shell is processed by adopting the traditional technological route.
The scheme of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a technological method for preventing the shell from being deformed by solid solution comprises the steps of casting, rough adding and solid solution aging; the inner cavity of the cast blank shell is provided with a plurality of bosses; (a) when in rough machining, roughly turning the outer circle, and roughly milling the equivalent wall thickness at the boss position of the inner cavity, wherein the equivalent wall thickness is 0.5-1mm smaller than the thickness of the inner cavity of the shell;
(b) solid solution: vertically putting the more one end of casing boss into the solid solution basket downwards, hanging the basket and going into the stove to heat, charging the stove at room temperature, adopting substep ladder heating:
keeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 2h, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a speed of less than 80 ℃/h;
keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 2h, wherein the temperature rise speed at the temperature of 450-;
keeping the temperature at 520 ℃ for 12h, wherein the temperature rise speed at the 500-plus-520 ℃ interval is less than 30 ℃/h; cooling to room temperature in 5%, 10% or 15% PAG quenching liquid with different concentration after heat preservation;
(c) and (3) correction: detecting and recording the diameter of an inner cavity at the designated position of the shell after solid solution, and then putting the shell into a multi-point outer jacking tool for clamping; the multi-point position outer jacking tool comprises a base and an upright post vertically arranged on one side of the base; a pair of semicircular clamping plates are mounted on the stand column through hinges, the other ends of the clamping plates are connected through bolts, the shell is clamped by the pair of clamping plates, a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the clamping plates, and screws are matched in the threaded through holes; adjusting a screw at a corresponding point position at a position with a large inner cavity diameter according to the wall thickness value of the shell and the diameter of the inner cavity, propping and extruding the outer wall of the shell by the screw, pressing a probe of the dial indicator at the head of the screw during adjustment, recording an adjustment value, and placing the adjusted dial indicator in a drying box for aging;
(d) and (4) loading the workpiece into a furnace for aging, loading the workpiece into the furnace at room temperature, raising the temperature at a speed of not more than 100 ℃/h, and discharging the workpiece out of the furnace for air cooling after the heat preservation time is up.
Compared with the prior art beneficial effect that has:
the key point of the difficult control of the shell deformation is that the inner cavity does not allow processing (except for a lug boss), which requires that the diameter of the inner cavity is controlled within the tolerance range of a final product in the process of solution aging, and the prior art is designed on the basis of the processing of the inner cavity, the inner cavity has enough processing allowance, and the diameter of the inner cavity is ensured by processing the inner cavity after solution treatment. The diameter difference of the inner cavity of the shell processed by the prior art is more than 1mm, and obviously, the prior art is not suitable for processing the shell.
On the basis of fully understanding YRZ-02 high-strength cast aluminum alloy characteristics and a shell structure, the novel process method adopts the measures of designing equivalent wall thickness at a boss and other parts, heating step by step, cooling by PAG water-based quenching liquid and increasing a solid solution deformation-preventing tool 4, and controls the deformation of the shell within the process requirement range on the premise of ensuring performance indexes.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a shell blank according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the equivalent wall thickness of the shell.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a main structure of the multi-point outer top tool.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of the multi-point outer roof fixture.
1-upright column, 2-base, 3-hinge, 4-shell, 5-clamping plate, 6-bolt, 7-nut and 8-screw.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the existing situation in the prior art, the applicant determines to adopt the following 4 measures to solve the deformation problem of the shell through research and analysis and multiple process tests:
1.1, designing equivalent wall thickness at the boss and other parts;
1.2, step-by-step heating;
1.3, cooling by adopting PAG water-based quenching liquid;
1.4, adding a solid solution deformation prevention tool;
2. specific technical scheme
2.1 crude addition: roughly turning the outer circle, and roughly milling the equivalent wall thickness (reserving a fine allowance for the final size) at the boss position of the inner cavity, wherein the equivalent wall thickness is 0.5-1mm smaller than the thickness of the inner cavity of the shell (as shown in a plurality of positions marked as 8-8.5 in figure 2, the wall thickness is 9 mm). And measuring and recording the inner cavity diameter and the wall thickness value of the designated point according to the process requirements.
2.2 solid solution: and vertically placing the end with more bosses of the shell downwards into a solid solution basket, and lifting the solid solution basket into a furnace for heating. And (5) charging at room temperature.
The temperature rise speed is less than 80 ℃/h in the interval of 450 ℃/h and 2h between room temperature and 450 ℃;
the temperature rise speed is less than 50 ℃/h within the range of 500 ℃ plus 2h 450-;
the temperature rise speed is less than 30 ℃/h within the interval of 520 ℃ plus 12h and 500 ℃ plus 520 ℃; cooling the PAG quenching liquid with different concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15% to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished. The three quenching liquids with different concentrations can be used for quenching, and one of the quenching liquids is selected for quenching in practical application; the three quenching liquids are in an OR relationship.
2.3, correcting: detecting and recording the diameter of an inner cavity at the designated position of the shell after solid solution, then placing the shell into a multi-point outer top tool for clamping (shown in figures 3 and 4) until the shell contacts the outer wall of the shell, screwing the screws at two ends of the larger inner cavity diameter, pressing a dial indicator at the head of the screw, continuously screwing the screws, and recording the change value of the dial indicator; and adjusting other point positions in the same way, ensuring that the tolerance of the diameter of the inner cavity is within the range of +/-0.3 mm, and placing the adjusted inner cavity into a drying box for aging.
2.4 aging: taking the tool to enter the furnace for aging, charging at room temperature, raising the temperature at a speed not more than 100 ℃, discharging from the furnace for air cooling after the heat preservation time is up:
air cooling at 170 deg.C +10 hr.
2.5, detection: and after the furnace is taken out, the shell is detached from the tool, the diameter of the inner cavity at the designated position is detected and recorded, and a semi-finish turning process is performed after the performance detection is qualified.
The process method treats 5 pieces of shells, and the detection shows that the sizes of the inner cavities are all controlled within +/-0.3 mm.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the outer diameter of the shell is 330mm, the height is 498mm, and the thickness of the boss is 36 mm; the wall thickness outside the boss is 9mm, and the processed equivalent wall thickness is 8-8.5 mm.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, which are schematic structural diagrams of the multi-point external jacking tool of the present invention, the multi-point external jacking tool includes a base 2 and a column 1 vertically installed on one side of the base 2; a pair of semicircular clamping plates 5 are installed on the stand column 1 through hinges 3, the other ends of the clamping plates 5 are connected through bolts 6, the shell 4 is clamped tightly by the clamping plates 5, a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the clamping plates 5, and screws 8 are arranged in the threaded through holes. The outer diameter of a clamping ring formed by the clamping plate is 368mm, and the outer diameter of the base is 506 mm.
The screw thread through holes on the clamping plate 5 are arranged into a plurality of horizontal rows and a plurality of vertical columns, and the screw thread through holes are arranged at equal intervals, so that the outer wall of the whole shell can be conveniently adjusted point to point.
The upright post 1 is provided with an upper hinge 3 and a lower hinge 3 which are respectively connected with a clamping plate 5; the other end of a pair of grip block 5 all is equipped with two upper and lower bulges, and two upper and lower bulges all are equipped with the screw, and the screw that passes two grip block 5 correspondences is equipped with bolt 6 and nut 7 and couples together a pair of grip block 5. In the correction step, the mounting seat of the dial indicator is fixed on the base 2.
The innovation points of the invention are as follows:
1. the design is suitable for the step-by-step stepped heating process of the high-strength aluminum alloy, and the deformation trend of the heating process is controlled by matching with the strict control of the temperature rising speed.
2. And processing equivalent wall thickness at the positions of the bosses and the like to enable the shape of the shell to approach the shell with the same wall thickness, searching the value of the equivalent wall thickness, and controlling the deformation trend in the heating and cooling processes.
3. And designing a multi-point position outer jacking tool, correcting the out-of-tolerance point positions point to point, and ensuring that the diameter of the inner cavity of the shell is within the process requirement range.
4. By testing in PAG water-based quenching liquids with different concentrations, the maximum concentration is selected on the premise of ensuring performance indexes, cooling is reduced, and deformation of the shell is reduced.
The key technological parameters of the new technological method are gradually found out through one-time tests, and are verified in actual production to prove the rationality of the method.
Claims (7)
1. A technological method for preventing the shell from being deformed by solid solution comprises the steps of casting, rough adding and solid solution aging; the inner cavity of the cast blank shell is provided with a plurality of bosses; the method is characterized in that: (a) when in rough machining, roughly turning the outer circle, and roughly milling the equivalent wall thickness at the boss position of the inner cavity, wherein the equivalent wall thickness is 0.5-1mm smaller than the thickness of the inner cavity of the shell;
(b) solid solution: vertically putting the more one end of casing (4) boss into the solid solution basket downwards, hanging the basket to go into the stove to heat, the room temperature is loaded into the stove, adopts substep ladder heating:
keeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 2h, and raising the temperature from room temperature to 450 ℃ at a speed of less than 80 ℃/h;
keeping the temperature at 500 ℃ for 2h, wherein the temperature rise speed at the temperature of 450-;
keeping the temperature at 520 ℃ for 12h, wherein the temperature rise speed at the 500-plus-520 ℃ interval is less than 30 ℃/h; cooling to room temperature in 5%, 10% or 15% PAG quenching liquid after heat preservation;
(c) and (3) correction: detecting and recording the diameter of an inner cavity at the designated position of the shell (4) after solid solution, and then putting the shell (4) into a multi-point outer jacking tool for clamping; the multi-point position outer jacking tool comprises a base (2) and an upright post (1) vertically arranged on one side of the base (2); a pair of semicircular clamping plates (5) are mounted on the upright post (1) through hinges (3), the other ends of the clamping plates (5) are connected through bolts (6), the shell (4) is clamped by the pair of clamping plates (5), a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the clamping plates (5), and screws (8) are arranged in the threaded through holes; adjusting the screws of corresponding points at positions with large inner cavity diameters according to the wall thickness value and the inner cavity diameter of the shell (4), propping and extruding the outer wall of the shell (4) by using the screws (8), pressing a probe of the dial indicator on the heads of the screws (8) during adjustment, recording an adjustment value, and placing the adjusted values into a drying box for aging after the adjustment is finished;
(d) and (4) loading the workpiece into a furnace for aging, loading the workpiece into the furnace at room temperature, raising the temperature at a speed of not more than 100 ℃/h, and discharging the workpiece out of the furnace for air cooling after the heat preservation time is up.
2. The process for preventing the solid solution deformation of the shell according to claim 1, wherein the aging temperature in the step (d) is 170 ℃ and the holding time is 10 hours.
3. The process for preventing the solid solution deformation of the shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein the threaded through holes on the clamping plate (5) are arranged in a plurality of horizontal rows and a plurality of vertical columns, and the threaded through holes are arranged at equal intervals.
4. A process for preventing shell body from solid solution deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that the upright post (1) is provided with an upper hinge (3) and a lower hinge (3) which are respectively connected with a clamping plate (5).
5. The process for preventing the solid solution deformation of the shell according to claim 1, wherein the other end of each of the pair of clamping plates (5) is provided with an upper protruding portion and a lower protruding portion, the upper protruding portion and the lower protruding portion are provided with screw holes, and bolts (6) and nuts (7) are arranged through the corresponding screw holes of the two clamping plates (5) to connect the pair of clamping plates (5).
6. A process for preventing solid solution deformation of a casing according to claim 1, wherein in the correction of step (c), the mounting seat of the dial indicator is fixed on the base (2).
7. The process for preventing solid solution deformation of a casing according to claim 1, further comprising the step (e) of detecting: and after the furnace is taken out, the shell (4) is detached from the tool, the diameter of the inner cavity at the designated position is detected and recorded, and a semi-finish turning process is carried out after the performance detection is qualified.
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| CN202111228768.0A CN113977194B (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Technological method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell |
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| CN202111228768.0A CN113977194B (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Technological method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6328849A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-06 | Topy Ind Ltd | Heat treatment of cast aluminum wheel and equipment therefor |
| CN103834883A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 北京航星机器制造公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method of thin-wall saddle-shaped aluminum alloy casting |
| CN108118271A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-05 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of allotype aluminum alloy bay section method for controlling heat treatment deformation |
| CN108430692A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-08-21 | 德国不锈钢特钢有限及两合公司 | Production method with the component for being formed from steel core section |
| CN108500570A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-07 | 徐州安邦信汽车电机科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of New energy automobile motor inner casing |
| CN108823517A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of profile-followed micro- restraint rigidity support device and heat treatment method for thin-walled aluminium alloy castings Deformation control |
| CN111015117A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Machining method for bearing bush groove of marine engine |
-
2021
- 2021-10-21 CN CN202111228768.0A patent/CN113977194B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6328849A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-06 | Topy Ind Ltd | Heat treatment of cast aluminum wheel and equipment therefor |
| CN103834883A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 北京航星机器制造公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method of thin-wall saddle-shaped aluminum alloy casting |
| CN108430692A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-08-21 | 德国不锈钢特钢有限及两合公司 | Production method with the component for being formed from steel core section |
| CN108118271A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-05 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of allotype aluminum alloy bay section method for controlling heat treatment deformation |
| CN108500570A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-07 | 徐州安邦信汽车电机科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of New energy automobile motor inner casing |
| CN108823517A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of profile-followed micro- restraint rigidity support device and heat treatment method for thin-walled aluminium alloy castings Deformation control |
| CN111015117A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Machining method for bearing bush groove of marine engine |
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