CN109321721B - Normalizing processing method and hoisting tool for flat-bottom end socket - Google Patents
Normalizing processing method and hoisting tool for flat-bottom end socket Download PDFInfo
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- CN109321721B CN109321721B CN201811114875.9A CN201811114875A CN109321721B CN 109321721 B CN109321721 B CN 109321721B CN 201811114875 A CN201811114875 A CN 201811114875A CN 109321721 B CN109321721 B CN 109321721B
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- Prior art keywords
- flat
- end socket
- bottom end
- normalizing
- plate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
- C21D1/28—Normalising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/22—Rigid members, e.g. L-shaped members, with parts engaging the under surface of the loads; Crane hooks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
Abstract
The invention relates to a normalizing processing method and a lifting tool for a flat-bottom end socket, which comprise a rib plate, a bottom plate and lifting lugs, wherein the bottom plate is provided with uniformly distributed heat dissipation holes, and adjacent heat dissipation holes are separated by the rib plate; the rib plates are fixedly welded on the bottom plate, bosses are uniformly distributed on the rib plates, and heat dissipation channels are formed between adjacent bosses; the lifting lugs are fixed on the edge of the bottom plate in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', and the outer sides of the lifting lugs are provided with lifting hole grooves in a shape like a Chinese character 'R'; the method comprises the steps of material selection, marking, blanking, correction, cold spinning, pre-beveling, tool design, normalizing, testing, beveling and inspection. The processing method of the invention only needs to weld the tool according to the drawing, and the rest can be processed by conventional normalizing heat treatment, so that the technical requirement on operators is lower, the later correction on the flat-bottom end socket is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved by 60 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a manufacturing process of a flat-bottom end socket, in particular to a normalizing processing method and a lifting tool of the flat-bottom end socket.
Background
Compared with an elliptical or disc-shaped end socket, the flat-bottom end socket has lower structural constraint strength, so that the existing flat-bottom end socket is generally not subjected to heat treatment, and only is subjected to 625 ℃ annealing even if the heat treatment is carried out. The flat-bottom end socket used on the heat exchanger needs normalizing due to the limitation of working conditions, and the processing stress is thoroughly eliminated. According to the conventional heat treatment operation, after the flat-bottom end socket is subjected to normalizing heat treatment in a flat-lying state, the flat-bottom end socket is distorted and deformed and the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket is collapsed. At present, after the product of domestic Q245R low alloy steel is normalized, because the heat treatment conditions are different from steel mills, the material performance test is easily unqualified, and the cooling requirement on the heat treatment is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a normalizing processing method and a lifting tool for a flat-bottom end socket, which have low requirements on operators, low rejection rate and high processing efficiency.
The technical scheme for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a lifting tool for normalizing processing of a flat-bottom end socket comprises a rib plate, a bottom plate and lifting lugs, wherein the bottom plate is provided with uniformly distributed heat dissipation holes; adjacent heat dissipation holes are separated by rib plates which are vertically arranged in the transverse direction and the vertical direction; the rib plates are fixedly welded on the bottom plate, the height of each rib plate is 1-2 mm lower than the inner height of the flat-bottom end socket, bosses for supporting the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket are uniformly distributed on the rib plates, and heat dissipation channels are formed between every two adjacent bosses; the lug is "article" font and is fixed in the bottom plate edge, and the outside of lug has "R" font hanging hole groove.
According to the technical scheme, the rib plate and the bottom plate are welded through fillet welding.
According to the technical scheme, the edge of the bottom plate is provided with two test plate placing supporting plates which are arranged in parallel.
A normalizing processing method of a flat-bottom end socket comprises the following steps:
s001, material selection: low alloy steel Q245R;
s002 marking: drawing a circle on the plate according to the technological dimension requirement as the basis of the blanking dimension;
s003 blanking: carrying out numerical control cutting on the plate to form a wafer;
and S004 correction: checking the flatness of the wafer, and correcting by using a 2000T press, wherein the flatness value is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
s005, cold spinning: carrying out cold spinning on a wafer by loading a die on a spinning machine, wherein the spinning die comprises a pressure wheel and a forming wheel, the wafer is preliminarily formed into a flat-bottom end enclosure due to the rotating extrusion action of the pressure wheel and the forming wheel, the die R value of the forming wheel is 0.92 times of that of the flat-bottom end enclosure, and the shape of the section of the end enclosure is checked by using a sample plate;
s006 pre-beveling: adjusting the eccentric condition of the end socket before pre-grooving, checking the arc part of the spinning, and controlling the eccentric value to be less than or equal to 2 mm; pre-beveling the flat-bottom end socket, leveling the port, reserving the allowance of a secondary bevel for 30mm, and ensuring that the planeness of the port surface is less than or equal to 2 mm;
s007 tooling design: the flat-bottom end socket is reversely buckled, and an angle is welded on a tool for fixing and hoisting the end socket;
s008 normalizing: placing the seal head and the tool into a furnace, and connecting a thermocouple; carrying out normalizing heat treatment, lifting the tool off a furnace platform after heat preservation, and cooling;
s009 test: machining and sampling a base material test plate normalized by a flat-bottom end socket and a furnace, and performing tensile, bending and impact tests;
and (3) groove preparation of S010: performing secondary beveling on the flat-bottom end socket to ensure the parallelism of the port and the bottom;
and S011 checking: and measuring the flatness of the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket, the parallelism of the bottom and the port, the outer circumference, the plate thickness and the out-of-roundness, and meeting the process requirements.
In the tool in the step S007 in the above technical scheme, the rib plates are made of carbon steel with a thickness of 24mm, the height of the rib plates is 1-2 mm lower than the inner height of the seal head, bosses and heat dissipation channels are arranged on the rib plates, and the bosses are distributed according to 400mm × 400mm to effectively support the bottom of the flat-bottom seal head; selecting carbon steel with the plate thickness of 40mm as the bottom plate, forming heat dissipation holes with the diameter of 250mm on the bottom plate according to the positions of the bosses, and welding and fixing the rib plates on the bottom plate; the flat-bottom end socket is reversely buckled on the bottom plate, and a circle of the outer side of the port and the bottom plate are welded by fillet welding; the fillet weld can increase the structural strength of the tool at 900 ℃.
In the step S008 of the technical scheme, normalizing at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, discharging and cooling, and hoisting the tool down from a furnace platform within 5 minutes for rapid air cooling.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following positive effects:
(1) according to the invention, the shape is controlled by spinning manufacturing in the earlier stage, the matched normalizing tool is designed, after normalizing heat treatment, the shape of the flat-bottom end socket is still intact, the material performance is recovered, the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket is flat, the flatness is kept to be less than or equal to 3mm, and the assembly gap between the end socket and the straight cylinder circular section is less than or equal to 3mm, so that forced assembly due to large gap is avoided.
(2) The processing method of the invention only needs to weld the tool according to the drawing, and the rest can be processed by conventional normalizing heat treatment, so that the technical requirement on operators is lower, the later correction on the flat-bottom end socket is reduced, and the production efficiency is improved by 60 percent.
Drawings
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily and clearly understood, reference is now made to the following detailed description of the present disclosure taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for processing a flat-bottom end socket of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a normalizing tool structure of a flat-bottom end socket of the processing method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the normalizing tool structure of the flat-bottom end socket of the processing method of the invention;
fig. 4 is a perspective view of the normalizing tool structure of the flat-bottom end socket in the processing method of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a state diagram of the final end socket of the present invention requiring processing.
Detailed Description
(embodiment 1, a lifting tool for normalizing flat-bottom head)
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the invention comprises a rib plate 1, a bottom plate 2 and lifting lugs 3, wherein the bottom plate 2 is provided with heat dissipation holes 4 which are uniformly distributed; the adjacent heat dissipation holes 4 are separated by rib plates 1 which are vertically arranged in the transverse direction and the vertical direction; the rib plates 1 are fixedly welded on the bottom plate 2, the height of each rib plate 1 is 1-2 mm lower than the inner height of the flat-bottom end socket, bosses 5 for supporting the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket 8 are uniformly distributed on the rib plates 1, and heat dissipation channels 6 are formed between the adjacent bosses 5; the lifting lug 3 is fixed at the edge of the bottom plate 2 in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin', and the outer side of the lifting lug 3 is provided with a lifting hole groove 9 in a shape like a Chinese character 'R'.
The rib plate 1 and the bottom plate 2 are welded through fillet welding.
The edge of the bottom plate 2 is provided with two parallel test plates 7 for placing and supporting plates.
Example 2 normalizing method of a Flat bottom head
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, a normalizing processing method of a flat-bottom end socket comprises the following steps:
s001, material selection: low alloy steel Q245R;
s002 marking: drawing a circle on the plate according to the technological dimension requirement as the basis of the blanking dimension;
s003 blanking: carrying out numerical control cutting on the plate to form a wafer;
and S004 correction: checking the flatness of the wafer, and correcting by using a 2000T press, wherein the flatness value is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
s005, cold spinning: carrying out cold spinning on a wafer by loading a die on a spinning machine, wherein the spinning die comprises a pressure wheel and a forming wheel, the wafer is preliminarily formed into a flat-bottom end enclosure due to the rotating extrusion action of the pressure wheel and the forming wheel, the die R value of the forming wheel is 0.92 times of that of the flat-bottom end enclosure, and the shape of the section of the end enclosure is checked by using a sample plate;
s006 pre-beveling: adjusting the eccentric condition of the end socket before pre-grooving, checking the arc part of the spinning, and controlling the eccentric value to be less than or equal to 2 mm; pre-beveling the flat-bottom end socket, leveling the port, reserving the allowance of a secondary bevel for 30mm, and ensuring that the planeness of the port surface is less than or equal to 2 mm;
s007 tooling design: the flat-bottom end socket is reversely buckled, and an angle is welded on a tool for fixing and hoisting the end socket;
s008 normalizing: placing the seal head and the tool into a furnace, and connecting a thermocouple; carrying out normalizing heat treatment, lifting the tool off a furnace platform after heat preservation, and cooling;
s009 test: machining and sampling a base material test plate 7 normalized by a flat-bottom end socket and a furnace, and performing tensile, bending and impact tests; the test result is equivalent to the raw material, and all the test results meet the standard requirements.
And (3) groove preparation of S010: performing secondary beveling on the flat-bottom end socket to ensure the parallelism of the port and the bottom;
and S011 checking: and measuring the flatness of the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket, the parallelism of the bottom and the port, the outer circumference, the plate thickness and the out-of-roundness, and meeting the process requirements.
In the tool in the step S007, the rib plate 1 is made of carbon steel with the thickness of 24mm, the height of the rib plate 1 is 1-2 mm lower than the inner height of the seal head, a boss 5 and a heat dissipation channel 6 are arranged on the rib plate 1, and the boss 5 is distributed according to 400mm multiplied by 400mm to effectively support the bottom of the flat-bottom seal head; selecting carbon steel with the plate thickness of 40mm for the bottom plate 2, forming heat dissipation holes 4 with the diameter of 250mm on the bottom plate 2 according to the positions of the bosses 5, and welding and fixing the rib plates 1 on the bottom plate 2; the flat-bottom end socket is reversely buckled on the bottom plate 2, and a circle of the outer side of the port and the bottom plate 2 are welded well by fillet welding; the fillet weld 10 can increase the structural strength of the tooling at 900 ℃.
And in the step S008, normalizing at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, discharging and cooling, and lifting the tool off the furnace platform within 5 minutes for quick air cooling.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a normalizing of flat head is with lifting by crane frock which characterized in that: the heat dissipation device comprises rib plates, a bottom plate and lifting lugs, wherein heat dissipation holes are uniformly distributed in the bottom plate, and adjacent heat dissipation holes are separated by the rib plates which are vertically arranged in the transverse direction; the rib plates are fixedly welded on the bottom plate, the height of each rib plate is 1-2 mm lower than the inner height of the flat-bottom end socket, bosses for supporting the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket are uniformly distributed on the rib plates, and heat dissipation channels are formed between every two adjacent bosses; the lug is "article" font and is fixed in the bottom plate edge, and the outside of lug has "R" font hanging hole groove.
2. The lifting tool for normalizing the flat-bottom end socket according to claim 1, wherein the lifting tool comprises: the rib plates and the bottom plate are welded through fillet welding.
3. The lifting tool for normalizing the flat-bottom end socket according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the lifting tool comprises: the edge of the bottom plate is provided with two test plate placing supporting plates which are arranged in parallel.
4. The normalizing processing method of the flat bottom end socket by using the tool of claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s001, material selection: low alloy steel Q245R;
s002 marking: drawing a circle on the plate according to the technological dimension requirement as the basis of the blanking dimension;
s003 blanking: carrying out numerical control cutting on the plate to form a wafer;
and S004 correction: checking the flatness of the wafer, and correcting by using a 2000T press, wherein the flatness value is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 mm;
s005, cold spinning: carrying out cold spinning on a wafer by loading a die on a spinning machine, wherein the spinning die comprises a pressure wheel and a forming wheel, the wafer is preliminarily formed into a flat-bottom end enclosure due to the rotating extrusion action of the pressure wheel and the forming wheel, the die R value of the forming wheel is 0.92 times of that of the flat-bottom end enclosure, and the shape of the section of the end enclosure is checked by using a sample plate;
s006 pre-beveling: adjusting the eccentric condition of the end socket before pre-grooving, checking the arc part of the spinning, and controlling the eccentric value to be less than or equal to 2 mm; pre-beveling the flat-bottom end socket, leveling the port, reserving the allowance of a secondary bevel for 30mm, and ensuring that the planeness of the port surface is less than or equal to 2 mm;
s007 tooling design: the flat-bottom end socket is reversely buckled, and an angle is welded on a tool for fixing and hoisting the end socket;
s008 normalizing: placing the seal head and the tool into a furnace, and connecting a thermocouple; carrying out normalizing heat treatment, lifting the tool off a furnace platform after heat preservation, and cooling;
s009 test: machining and sampling a base material test plate normalized by a flat-bottom end socket and a furnace, and performing tensile, bending and impact tests;
and (3) groove preparation of S010: performing secondary beveling on the flat-bottom end socket to ensure the parallelism of the port and the bottom;
and S011 checking: and measuring the flatness of the bottom of the flat-bottom end socket, the parallelism of the bottom and the port, the outer circumference, the plate thickness and the out-of-roundness, and meeting the process requirements.
5. The normalizing processing method of a flat-bottom end socket according to claim 4, wherein the normalizing processing method comprises the following steps: in the tool in the step S007, the rib plates are made of carbon steel with the thickness of 24mm, the height of the rib plates is 1-2 mm lower than the inner height of the seal head, bosses and heat dissipation channels are arranged on the rib plates, and the bosses are distributed according to the size of 400mm multiplied by 400mm to effectively support the bottom of the flat-bottom seal head; selecting carbon steel with the plate thickness of 40mm as the bottom plate, forming heat dissipation holes with the diameter of 250mm on the bottom plate according to the positions of the bosses, and welding and fixing the rib plates on the bottom plate; the flat-bottom end socket is reversely buckled on the bottom plate, and a circle of the outer side of the port and the bottom plate are welded by fillet welding; the fillet weld can increase the structural strength of the tool at 900 ℃.
6. The normalizing processing method of a flat-bottom end socket according to claim 4, wherein the normalizing processing method comprises the following steps: and in the step S008, normalizing at 900 ℃, keeping the temperature for 30 minutes, discharging and cooling, and lifting the tool off the furnace platform within 5 minutes for rapid air cooling.
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CN201811114875.9A CN109321721B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Normalizing processing method and hoisting tool for flat-bottom end socket |
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CN201811114875.9A CN109321721B (en) | 2018-09-25 | 2018-09-25 | Normalizing processing method and hoisting tool for flat-bottom end socket |
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CN109321721B true CN109321721B (en) | 2020-05-22 |
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CN110369964A (en) * | 2019-08-08 | 2019-10-25 | 无锡庆新封头制造有限公司 | Hole flanging seal head molding method |
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US3023495A (en) * | 1956-07-13 | 1962-03-06 | Reinhold Engineering & Plastic | Cold-working process for pressure vessel |
JPS62240718A (en) * | 1986-04-10 | 1987-10-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Local annealing method for large-scaled pressure vessel |
KR101114106B1 (en) * | 2004-12-08 | 2012-02-21 | 현대중공업 주식회사 | A jig for prevention of quenching distortion of the head plate |
CN202938015U (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2013-05-15 | 江苏深绿新能源科技有限公司 | Flat bottom seal head supporting assembly |
CN203269988U (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-11-06 | 甘肃蓝科石化高新装备股份有限公司 | Ellipsoidal head heat treatment deformation preventing fixture |
CN104152658B (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-08-24 | 江苏昆仲机械有限公司 | Cold forming end socket heat treatment method |
CN205420487U (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-08-03 | 安徽心连心重型封头有限公司 | Heat treatment deformation frock is prevented to ellipsoidal head |
CN205420488U (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2016-08-03 | 安徽心连心重型封头有限公司 | Spherical head thermal treatment fixes frock |
CN105666067B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-07-31 | 常州旷达威德机械有限公司 | A kind of processing method of spherical-zone shell |
CN206477014U (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2017-09-08 | 江西新裕隆汽车零部件有限公司 | A kind of end socket heat treatment tooling |
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