CN113977194B - Technological method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell - Google Patents
Technological method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113977194B CN113977194B CN202111228768.0A CN202111228768A CN113977194B CN 113977194 B CN113977194 B CN 113977194B CN 202111228768 A CN202111228768 A CN 202111228768A CN 113977194 B CN113977194 B CN 113977194B
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- shell
- solid solution
- inner cavity
- deformation
- clamping plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to a processing method of easily deformable thin-wall shell parts manufactured by high-strength cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a process method for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell. The technical problem that after a cast shell is processed by adopting the existing process route, the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity of the shell exceeds the process requirement and is generally 1-2mm, so that the product is scrapped is solved. The novel process method of the invention adopts the steps of designing equivalent wall thickness at the boss and other parts, heating step by step, adopting PAG water-based quenching liquid for cooling, adding measures in the aspect of solid solution deformation prevention tool 4 and controlling the deformation of the shell within the process requirement range on the premise of ensuring the performance index on the basis of fully knowing the characteristics of YRZ-02 high-strength cast aluminum alloy and the shell structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing method of easily deformable thin-wall shell parts manufactured by high-strength cast aluminum alloy, in particular to a process method for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell.
Background
A shell is cast by a certain product, the material is high-strength cast aluminum alloy, and the performance requirements after solid solution aging are as follows: sigma b is more than or equal to 360MPa, sigma 0.2 is more than or equal to 340MPa, and Delta 5 is more than or equal to 3.5%. The inner cavity of the shell is not allowed to be processed (except the boss), and the size of the inner cavity is detected in the solid solution aging process, wherein the tolerance is +/-0.3 mm.
The shell process route is as follows: casting, rough machining, wall thickness measurement, flaw detection, solid solution aging, inner cavity diameter detection, semi-finish machining, stress relief aging, finish turning, wall thickness measurement, stress relief aging, hole system machining, painting and final inspection. The shell needs 3 heat treatment procedures, and according to the design requirement of the product drawing, the heat treatment process scheme is determined to be solid solution aging, stress relief aging and stress relief aging. The solid solution aging procedure is to ensure that the final performance of the product meets the design requirement of the drawing, namely sigma b is more than or equal to 360Mpa, sigma 0.2 is more than or equal to 340Mpa, and delta 5 is more than or equal to 3.5%.
The technological parameters of the solid solution aging procedure are as follows: 520 DEG C+12 h water cooling
170 DEG C+10 h air cooling
In order to eliminate stress generated by a product due to cutting and clamping in the machining process, the stress relief aging process is used for stabilizing the size of the product.
In actual production, since the sample correction stage, the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity of the shell after solid solution exceeds the technological requirement, and is generally 1-2mm and reaches 3mm at maximum, so that the product is scrapped.
Theoretical analysis
The deformation of the shell after solid solution is mainly caused by the structure of the inner cavity of the shell, the appearance of the shell is shown in figures 1 and 2, multiple bosses of the inner cavity (the last through holes are processed on the bosses), ring ribs and the wall thickness of the formed shell is 5.5+/-0.3 mm. In the heating and cooling process, the temperature rise, the cooling speed and the tissue transformation of different parts are asynchronous under the influence of the wall thickness difference, meanwhile, in the casting process, the compactness difference of the sand mold also has adverse effect on the deformed product of the shell, and the shell is deformed under the influence of comprehensive factors. Therefore, the problem of deformation of the case is required to be solved by taking measures in terms of the shape of the case, casting, heat treatment, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a process method for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell, which aims to solve the technical problem that after a cast shell is processed by adopting the existing process route, the dimensional tolerance of the inner cavity of the shell exceeds the process requirement and is generally 1-2mm, so that the product is scrapped.
The scheme of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a process method for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell comprises the steps of casting, rough adding and solid solution aging; the inner cavity of the cast blank shell is provided with a plurality of bosses; (a) When in rough machining, rough turning the outer circle, and rough milling an equivalent wall thickness at the boss position of the inner cavity, wherein the equivalent wall thickness is 0.5-1mm smaller than the thickness of the inner cavity of the shell;
(b) Solid solution: one end with more shell bosses is vertically placed into a solid solution charging basket downwards, the charging basket is hung into a furnace for heating, the furnace is charged at room temperature, and step-by-step ladder heating is adopted:
keeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 2 hours, wherein the temperature rising speed is less than 80 ℃/h from room temperature to 450 ℃;
preserving heat for 2 hours at 500 ℃, wherein the temperature rising speed is less than 50 ℃/h in the range of 450-500 ℃;
preserving heat at 520 ℃ for 12 hours, wherein the temperature rising speed in the interval of 500-520 ℃ is less than 30 ℃/h; after the heat preservation is finished, cooling to room temperature in 5% or 10% or 15% of three PAG quenching liquids with different concentrations;
(c) And (3) correction: detecting and recording the diameter of an inner cavity at a designated position of the shell after solid solution, and then placing the shell into a multi-point external jacking tool for clamping; the multi-point outer top tool comprises a base and an upright post vertically arranged on one side of the base; a pair of semicircular clamping plates are arranged on the upright post through hinges, the other ends of the clamping plates are connected through bolts, the shell is clamped by the pair of clamping plates, a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the clamping plates, and screws are arranged in the threaded through holes; according to the wall thickness value of the shell and the diameter of the inner cavity, adjusting the screw at the corresponding point position at the position with the large diameter of the inner cavity, using the screw to prop against and squeeze the outer wall of the shell, pressing a probe of a dial indicator on the head of the screw during adjustment, recording the adjustment value, and putting the probe into a drying box for aging after adjustment;
(d) And (5) feeding the tooling into a furnace for aging, loading the tooling into the furnace at room temperature, wherein the heating speed is not more than 100 ℃/h, and discharging and air cooling after the heat preservation time is up.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that have:
the key point of the difficult control of the deformation of the shell is that the inner cavity is not allowed to be processed (except the boss), so that the diameter of the inner cavity is required to be controlled within the tolerance range of the final product in the solid solution aging process, the prior art is designed on the basis of inner cavity processing, the inner cavity is left with enough processing allowance, and the diameter of the inner cavity is ensured by processing the inner cavity after solid solution. The prior art processes are used for processing shells, the diameter difference of the inner cavities is more than 1mm, and obviously, the prior art is not suitable for processing the shells.
The novel process method of the invention adopts the steps of designing equivalent wall thickness at the boss and other parts, heating step by step, adopting PAG water-based quenching liquid for cooling, adding measures in the aspect of solid solution deformation prevention tool 4 and controlling the deformation of the shell within the process requirement range on the premise of ensuring the performance index on the basis of fully knowing the characteristics of YRZ-02 high-strength cast aluminum alloy and the shell structure.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a shell blank structure according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the equivalent wall thickness of the housing.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of the multi-point outer top tool.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of the multi-point outer top tooling.
1-upright post, 2-base, 3-hinge, 4-casing, 5-grip block, 6-bolt, 7-nut, 8-screw.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the condition of the prior art, the applicant decides to adopt the following 4 aspects of measures to solve the deformation problem of the shell through research, analysis and multiple process tests:
1.1, designing equivalent wall thickness at the boss and other parts;
1.2, step-by-step heating;
1.3, adopting PAG water-based quenching liquid for cooling;
1.4, adding a solid solution deformation prevention tool;
2. specific technical scheme
2.1 Coarsely adding: rough turning the outer circle, and rough milling the equivalent wall thickness (allowance is reserved for the final size) at the boss position of the inner cavity, wherein the equivalent wall thickness is 0.5-1mm smaller than the thickness of the inner cavity of the shell (as shown in fig. 2, the wall thickness is 9mm at several positions marked as 8-8.5). And measuring the diameter and wall thickness of the inner cavity at the designated point according to the process requirement and recording.
2.2 solid solution: and vertically placing one end of the shell with more bosses into a solid solution charging basket downwards, and placing the charging basket into a furnace for heating. And (5) charging at room temperature.
The temperature rising speed of the room temperature-450 ℃ range of 450 ℃ plus 2h is less than 80 ℃/h;
the temperature rising speed is less than 50 ℃/h in the range of 500 ℃ plus 2h 450-500 ℃;
the temperature rising speed in the range of 500-520 ℃ at 520 ℃ plus 12h is less than 30 ℃/h; after the heat preservation is finished, the PAG quenching liquid with different concentrations of 5%,10% and 15% is cooled to room temperature. All three kinds of quenching liquid with different concentrations can be used for quenching in the invention, and one of the quenching liquids is selected for quenching in practical application; the three quenching liquids are in OR relationship.
2.3 And (3) correction: detecting and recording the diameter of an inner cavity at a designated position of the shell after solid solution, then placing the shell into a multi-point outer jacking tool to be clamped (shown in figures 3 and 4) until the shell contacts the outer wall of the shell, screwing screws at two ends of the larger inner cavity diameter, pressing a dial indicator at the head of each screw, continuously screwing the screws, and recording the change value of the dial indicator; and adjusting other point positions in the same way, ensuring that the tolerance of the diameter of the inner cavity is within +/-0.3 mm, and putting the inner cavity into a drying box for aging after the adjustment is finished.
2.4 Aging: charging the tooling into a furnace for aging, charging the tooling into the furnace at room temperature, wherein the temperature rising speed is not more than 100 ℃, discharging the tooling from the furnace for air cooling after the heat preservation time is up to the temperature:
and air cooling at 170 ℃ for +10 hours.
2.5 And (3) detection: and after the furnace is discharged, the shell is detached from the tool, the diameter of the inner cavity at the designated position is detected and recorded, and the semi-finish turning procedure is carried out after the belt performance is detected to be qualified.
According to the process, 5 shells are treated, and the size of the inner cavity is controlled within +/-0.3 mm through detection.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the outer diameter of the shell is 330mm, the height is 498mm, and the thickness of the boss is 36mm; the wall thickness outside the boss is 9mm, and the equivalent wall thickness processed is 8-8.5mm.
Fig. 3 and 4 are schematic structural diagrams of a multi-point outer top tooling according to the present invention, wherein the multi-point outer top tooling comprises a base 2 and an upright post 1 vertically installed at one side of the base 2; a pair of semicircular clamping plates 5 are mounted on the upright post 1 through hinges 3, the other ends of the clamping plates 5 are connected through bolts 6, the shell 4 is clamped by the clamping plates 5, a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the clamping plates 5, and screws 8 are arranged in the threaded through holes. The clamping ring that the grip block formed external diameter is 368mm, and the base external diameter is 506mm.
The threaded through holes on the clamping plate 5 are arranged into a plurality of horizontal rows and a plurality of vertical columns, and the threaded through holes are distributed at equal intervals, so that the point-to-point adjustment can be conveniently carried out on the outer wall of the whole shell.
The upright post 1 is provided with an upper hinge 3 and a lower hinge 3 which are respectively connected with a clamping plate 5; the other end of the pair of clamping plates 5 is provided with an upper protruding portion and a lower protruding portion, the upper protruding portion and the lower protruding portion are respectively provided with screw holes, and bolts 6 and nuts 7 are arranged through the screw holes corresponding to the two clamping plates 5 to connect the pair of clamping plates 5. In the correction step, the mounting seat of the dial indicator is fixed on the base 2.
The innovation point of the invention is that:
1. the design is suitable for a step-by-step heating process of the high-strength aluminum alloy, and the deformation trend of the heating process is controlled by matching with the strict control of the temperature rising speed.
2. And processing equivalent wall thickness at the boss position, so that the shape of the shell approaches to that of the shell with the same wall thickness, finding out equivalent wall thickness value, and controlling the deformation trend in the heating and cooling processes.
3. And (3) designing a multi-point external jacking tool, correcting out-of-tolerance point positions point to point, and ensuring that the diameter of the inner cavity of the shell is within the process requirement range.
4. Through tests in PAG water-based quenching liquid with different concentrations, the maximum concentration is selected on the premise of ensuring performance indexes, cooling is reduced, and deformation of the shell is reduced.
The key technological parameters of the new technological method are gradually searched out through one-time experiments, and proved to be reasonable through verification in actual production.
Claims (7)
1. A process method for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell comprises the steps of casting, rough adding and solid solution aging; the inner cavity of the cast blank shell is provided with a plurality of bosses; the method is characterized in that: (a) When in rough machining, rough turning the outer circle, and rough milling an equivalent wall thickness at the boss position of the inner cavity, wherein the equivalent wall thickness is 0.5-1mm smaller than the thickness of the inner cavity of the shell;
(b) Solid solution: one end of the shell (4) with more bosses is vertically placed into a solid solution charging basket downwards, the charging basket is hung into a furnace for heating, the furnace is charged at room temperature, and step-by-step ladder heating is adopted:
keeping the temperature at 450 ℃ for 2 hours, wherein the temperature rising speed is less than 80 ℃/h from room temperature to 450 ℃;
preserving heat for 2 hours at 500 ℃, wherein the temperature rising speed is less than 50 ℃/h in the range of 450-500 ℃;
preserving heat at 520 ℃ for 12 hours, wherein the temperature rising speed in the interval of 500-520 ℃ is less than 30 ℃/h; cooling to room temperature in PAG quenching liquid with three concentrations of 5% or 10% or 15% after heat preservation is finished;
(c) And (3) correction: detecting and recording the diameter of an inner cavity of a designated position of the shell (4) after solid solution, and then placing the shell (4) into a multi-point external jacking tool for clamping; the multi-point external jacking tool comprises a base (2) and an upright post (1) vertically arranged on one side of the base (2); a pair of semicircular clamping plates (5) are arranged on the upright post (1) through hinges (3), the other ends of the clamping plates (5) are connected through bolts (6), the shell (4) is clamped by the pair of clamping plates (5), a plurality of threaded through holes are formed in the clamping plates (5), and screws (8) are arranged in the threaded through holes; according to the wall thickness value of the shell (4) and the diameter of the inner cavity, adjusting screws at corresponding points at the positions with large diameter of the inner cavity, using the screws (8) to prop against and squeeze the outer wall of the shell (4), pressing a probe of a dial indicator on the head of the screws (8) during adjustment, recording an adjustment value, and putting the screws into a drying box for aging after adjustment;
(d) And (5) feeding the tooling into a furnace for aging, loading the tooling into the furnace at room temperature, wherein the heating speed is not more than 100 ℃/h, and discharging and air cooling after the heat preservation time is up.
2. The process for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell according to claim 1, wherein the aging temperature in the step (d) is 170 ℃ and the holding time is 10 hours.
3. A process for preventing solid solution deformation of a housing according to claim 1, characterized in that the threaded through holes in the clamping plate (5) are arranged in a plurality of horizontal rows and a plurality of vertical columns, and the threaded through holes are arranged at equal intervals.
4. A process for preventing solid solution deformation of a shell according to claim 1, characterized in that the upright (1) is provided with upper and lower hinges (3) respectively connected with a clamping plate (5).
5. A process for preventing solid solution deformation of a casing according to claim 1, wherein the other ends of the pair of clamping plates (5) are respectively provided with an upper protruding part and a lower protruding part, the upper protruding part and the lower protruding part are respectively provided with a screw hole, and bolts (6) and nuts (7) are arranged through the corresponding screw holes of the two clamping plates (5) to connect the pair of clamping plates (5).
6. A method of preventing solid solution deformation of a housing according to claim 1, wherein in the correction of step (c), the mounting base of the dial indicator is fixed to the base (2).
7. A process for preventing solid solution deformation of a housing as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of (e) detecting: and after the furnace is discharged, the shell (4) is detached from the tool, the diameter of the inner cavity at the designated position is detected and recorded, and a semi-finish turning procedure is carried out after the performance detection is qualified.
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| CN202111228768.0A CN113977194B (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Technological method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell |
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| CN202111228768.0A CN113977194B (en) | 2021-10-21 | 2021-10-21 | Technological method for preventing solid solution deformation of shell |
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| CN113977194B true CN113977194B (en) | 2023-10-13 |
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| JPS6328849A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-06 | Topy Ind Ltd | Heat treatment of cast aluminum wheel and equipment therefor |
| CN103834883A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 北京航星机器制造公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method of thin-wall saddle-shaped aluminum alloy casting |
| CN108118271A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-05 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of allotype aluminum alloy bay section method for controlling heat treatment deformation |
| CN108430692A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-08-21 | 德国不锈钢特钢有限及两合公司 | Production method with the component for being formed from steel core section |
| CN108500570A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-07 | 徐州安邦信汽车电机科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of New energy automobile motor inner casing |
| CN108823517A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of profile-followed micro- restraint rigidity support device and heat treatment method for thin-walled aluminium alloy castings Deformation control |
| CN111015117A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Machining method for bearing bush groove of marine engine |
-
2021
- 2021-10-21 CN CN202111228768.0A patent/CN113977194B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6328849A (en) * | 1986-07-22 | 1988-02-06 | Topy Ind Ltd | Heat treatment of cast aluminum wheel and equipment therefor |
| CN103834883A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2014-06-04 | 北京航星机器制造公司 | Heat treatment deformation control method of thin-wall saddle-shaped aluminum alloy casting |
| CN108430692A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2018-08-21 | 德国不锈钢特钢有限及两合公司 | Production method with the component for being formed from steel core section |
| CN108118271A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-06-05 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | A kind of allotype aluminum alloy bay section method for controlling heat treatment deformation |
| CN108500570A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-09-07 | 徐州安邦信汽车电机科技有限公司 | A kind of processing method of New energy automobile motor inner casing |
| CN108823517A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | A kind of profile-followed micro- restraint rigidity support device and heat treatment method for thin-walled aluminium alloy castings Deformation control |
| CN111015117A (en) * | 2019-12-25 | 2020-04-17 | 重庆跃进机械厂有限公司 | Machining method for bearing bush groove of marine engine |
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