CN113959645A - Airplane test rain simulation device and simulation method - Google Patents
Airplane test rain simulation device and simulation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113959645A CN113959645A CN202111569771.9A CN202111569771A CN113959645A CN 113959645 A CN113959645 A CN 113959645A CN 202111569771 A CN202111569771 A CN 202111569771A CN 113959645 A CN113959645 A CN 113959645A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64F—GROUND OR AIRCRAFT-CARRIER-DECK INSTALLATIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH AIRCRAFT; DESIGNING, MANUFACTURING, ASSEMBLING, CLEANING, MAINTAINING OR REPAIRING AIRCRAFT, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; HANDLING, TRANSPORTING, TESTING OR INSPECTING AIRCRAFT COMPONENTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B64F5/00—Designing, manufacturing, assembling, cleaning, maintaining or repairing aircraft, not otherwise provided for; Handling, transporting, testing or inspecting aircraft components, not otherwise provided for
- B64F5/60—Testing or inspecting aircraft components or systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- G01M99/005—Testing of complete machines, e.g. washing-machines or mobile phones
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rain simulation device and a rain simulation method for an aircraft test, which belong to the technical field of aircraft tests and comprise a modular spray frame, a plurality of water supply pipelines arranged on the modular spray frame, a plurality of pipe clamps used for fixing the water supply pipelines, nozzles arranged on the water supply pipelines and balance hoisting points used for hoisting the modular spray frame; in order to meet the requirements of large spraying area and convenient disassembly and assembly of a rain test in an airplane climate environment laboratory, the rain simulation device is subjected to two different modular designs, and the modular design has the advantages that the rain simulation device can be spliced and combined according to the structural appearance of a test object and is convenient to assemble, disassemble and transport; according to the invention, the four nozzles with different types are adopted to form seven different combination forms, so that the wide-range continuous rainfall intensity can be adjusted on the premise of not replacing the nozzles, and the interruption of a rain test is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of airplane testing, in particular to a rain simulation device and a rain simulation method for an airplane test.
Background
The rain test of the aviation aircraft usually adopts a climate environment laboratory which can simulate various climate environments to simulate the rain environment, the climate environment laboratory refers to a laboratory which can simulate various climate environments, and the rain environment is one of the simulated environments.
The rain simulator can not be designed into a fixed form in a laboratory, otherwise, the device can be subjected to other harsh climatic environments when the rain test is not carried out, the technical difficulty is increased, and the development cost is increased, so the rain simulator can be designed to be movable and convenient to detach and transport. The object of the weather environment laboratory rain test is usually a product or equipment with a large volume, and the spray array is integrally designed to be not beneficial to the installation and the disassembly of the airplane rain test equipment.
At present, the domestic rain simulation device is usually a special rain laboratory, a spraying device and a water supply pipeline are mostly fixed in an integrated mode, the rainfall intensity is a fixed value or the regulation range is small, and the rain simulation device is not suitable for meeting the rain test requirements of large-scale equipment airplanes. Through the analysis, the design of the existing rain simulation device cannot be completely suitable for the rain test of a large-scale comprehensive climate environment laboratory, so that a modularized rain simulation device is necessary to be designed, the parameter requirements of the rain test of the climate environment laboratory are met, the wide-range rainfall intensity can be realized, and the installation and the disassembly are easy.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a rain simulation device and a rain simulation method for an aircraft test, which can be applied to the rain test of the aircraft.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an aircraft test rain simulation device comprises a modular spray frame, a plurality of water supply pipelines arranged on the modular spray frame, a plurality of pipe clamps for fixing the water supply pipelines, nozzles arranged on the water supply pipelines, and balance lifting points for lifting the modular spray frame;
the modular spray frame is composed of a plurality of module frames I which are spliced with each other, each module frame I is formed by splicing a plurality of criss-cross beams made of aluminum alloy materials, one side wall of each module frame is respectively provided with two groups of connecting hooks and two groups of connecting rings which are distributed oppositely, a first storage seat is respectively arranged at the four corners of the module frame, the upper end of the first storage seat is provided with a clamping notch,
a gap is formed in one side wall of the module frame corresponding to the two groups of connecting hooks, a rotating connecting rod is arranged in the gap, each connecting hook comprises an installing rod connected with the outer wall of the corresponding rotating connecting rod through a sleeve, a hook ring connected with the installing rod, a butting block arranged at the tail end of the inner wall of the hook ring, and a pressing rod, one end of the pressing rod is connected with the inner wall of the hook ring through a torsion spring, the other end of the pressing rod is butted with the inner side of the butting block, and the height of the installing rod is smaller than the height between the bottom end of the storing seat and the bottom end of the module frame;
the water supply pipeline is connected with the first cross beam through the pipe clamp, the balance lifting point is arranged on the first cross beam through the surrounding type structure, the nozzles are provided with a plurality of groups, and the nozzles are all rotatably sleeved on the water supply pipeline.
As an alternative of the present invention, the size of each module frame one is designed to be 2.75m × 2.75m, and since the distance between the transportation rails at the upper part of the laboratory is 6.1m, the module frame one with the size can be conveniently hoisted.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, the pipe clamp comprises an upper clamp body and a lower clamp body which are clamped at the upper side and the lower side of a water supply pipeline, a check screw nut assembly used for connecting the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body, anti-skid rubber arranged on the inner walls of the upper clamp body and the lower clamp body, and an elastic semicircular block I which is pre-embedded in a module frame I and is arranged opposite to the anti-skid rubber to form a compression connection structure, wherein a plurality of pipe clamps are arranged on each water supply pipeline, so that the load of the water supply pipeline is uniformly distributed on a module type spray frame at multiple points, and stress concentration is avoided; considering the anti-seismic and anti-loose design of the water supply pipeline, the elastic semicircular block I is embedded in the first cross beam, the second cross beam and the third cross beam, when the bolts are screwed down, the pipe clamp base and the elastic semicircular block I are in friction compression connection with the inner surface and the outer surface of each cross beam, meanwhile, the cross section shape of each cross beam has a limiting effect on the elastic semicircular block I, and through anti-loose pre-tightening of the anti-loose screw nut assembly, the stable and reliable installation of each pipeline can be effectively guaranteed.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, the balance lifting point comprises a lifting block which can be buckled on a cross beam, a cover plate which forms an enclosing structure with the lifting block, a fixing bolt for connecting the lifting block and the cover plate, a lifting ring which is movably arranged at the upper end of the lifting block, and an elastic semicircular block II which is pre-embedded in the lifting block and forms a compression structure with the cross beam, the balance lifting point adopts an enclosing structure to enclose an aluminum alloy auxiliary beam in a rectangular frame, the balance lifting point in the structural form can prevent the modular spray frame from falling, the lifting ring is used as a lifting hole, and a form of combining a positioning screw with the elastic semicircular block II is adopted to prevent the balance lifting point from moving.
As an alternative of the invention, the nozzle has four types, namely QGA-1.5, QGA-2.8W, QGA-5.6W, QGA-10W, the diameter of the spray orifice of QGA-1.5 is 1.2mm, the diameter of the spray orifice of QGA-2.8W is 1.6mm, the diameter of the spray orifice of QGA-5.6W is 2.4mm, and the diameter of the spray orifice of QGA-10W is 2.8mm, the four types of nozzles are arranged on the water supply pipeline through seven combinations, and the control of different rainfall intensities is realized through different combinations of nozzles.
Seven combinations of nozzles are shown in table 1:
table 1: combination form of nozzle
As an alternative scheme of the invention, the modular spray frame is replaced by a folding spray frame, the folding spray frame comprises a second module frame and two folding frames arranged on the left side and the right side of the second module frame, the folding frames are formed by a plurality of spliced sub-plates, two adjacent spliced sub-plates are connected through hinges, a second storage seat is arranged at the four corners of the second module frame, the second module frame is formed by splicing a plurality of criss-cross beams of aluminum alloy materials, a third beam is arranged in each spliced sub-plate, the water supply pipeline is connected with the second beam and the third beam through pipe clamps, the balance lifting points are arranged on the second beam and the third beam through a surrounding structure, the two spliced sub-plates can be folded by oppositely pressing each spliced sub-plate, the space is saved, and when the folding frames need to be unfolded, each spliced sub-plate can be pulled outwards.
As an alternative of the invention, the front side and the rear side of the module frame II are both provided with the snap rings, the two splicing sub-boards of the two folding frames farthest away from the module frame II are provided with the snap hooks corresponding to the snap rings, and the snap hooks and the snap rings are bundled on the folded module frame II and the folding frames, so that the compactness of each folded frame is ensured, and the influence of the scattering on the carrying is avoided.
As an alternative scheme of the invention, the two splicing sub-boards of the two folding frames farthest away from the two module frames are provided with the handles, so that the folding and unfolding are convenient, and the convenience of operation is improved.
As an alternative of the present invention, the simulation method of the aircraft test rain simulation device includes the following steps:
s1, comprehensively considering the requirements of rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity, selecting the types of the nozzles, calculating the number of the nozzles, and arranging the nozzles, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, nozzle type selection:
the nozzle is a solid nozzle, the diameter of a water drop sprayed by the nozzle is required to be within the range of 0.5mm to 4.5mm, and the nozzles of corresponding models or the nozzles of several models are selected to be combined according to the diameter of the water drop;
s1-2, calculating the number of nozzles according to the following calculation formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as is the total number of nozzles,
is the rainfall intensity, and the unit is m/h,
the area of rainfall in m2，
Is the flow rate of a single nozzle, and has the unit of m3/h；
S1-3, splicing a plurality of modular spray racks together to form a spray array according to the size of a spray face, wherein the area of the spray array corresponds to the size of the spray face, and determining the number of nozzles arranged on a single modular spray rack according to the total number of nozzles determined in S1-2;
when the modular spray rack adopts a plurality of module frames which are spliced with each other, the number of the nozzles on the first module frame is further determined according to the number of the first module frame,
when the modular spray rack adopts the folding spray rack, the number of the nozzles on the single module frame II and the folding frame is further determined according to the number of the folding spray rack;
s1-4, according to the requirement of rainfall uniformity, considering that the spray angle of a nozzle is 120 degrees, the spray flow distribution of a single nozzle shows the trend that the central flow is more and the edge flow is less, so 4-12 nozzles are required to be arranged on each module frame I or each module frame II and a folding frame, and the spray coverage can be realized and the spray uniformity can be improved by spraying and overlapping through a plurality of nozzles;
s2, airplane rain test:
and arranging 1-3 rows of nozzles on the periphery of the airplane contour, and starting a corresponding nozzle layout mode according to the required rainfall intensity to perform a rain test.
The disassembly and assembly method of the modular spray frame comprises the following steps:
when the first module frames are stacked, the first module frames are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the storage seat I corresponding to the first module frame at the upper end is inserted into the clamping concave opening of the first module frame at the lower end, and at the moment, the shackle is placed in the vertical direction by rotating the connecting rod, so that the placing space is saved; when the module frames I need to be laid and installed, the module frames I are sequentially unfolded from left to right, each rotating connecting rod is rotated respectively, each connecting hook is located at the horizontal position, and then the hook ring on each module frame I is hung in the connecting hook ring corresponding to the module frame I adjacent to the module frame I.
The disassembly and assembly method of the folding spray rack comprises the following steps:
when folding and being connected with module frame two as each folding frame, take off the trip from the snap ring, through outside pulling handle make each concatenation daughter board expand can, when needs are folding, make each concatenation daughter board fold through inside pressfitting handle, simultaneously with the trip card go into the snap ring can.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) in order to meet the requirements of large spraying area and convenient disassembly and assembly in a rain test in an airplane climate environment laboratory, the rain simulation device is subjected to two different modular designs, and the modular design has the advantages that the rain simulation device can be spliced and combined according to the structural appearance of a test object aiming at the specific test object, and is convenient to assemble, disassemble and transport.
(2) According to the invention, the four nozzles with different types are adopted to form seven different combination forms, so that the wide-range continuous rainfall intensity can be adjusted on the premise of not replacing the nozzles, and the interruption of a rain test of an airplane is avoided.
(3) According to the invention, the plurality of pipe clamps are arranged on each water supply pipeline, so that the loads of the water supply pipelines are uniformly distributed on the modular spray frame in a multi-point manner, stress concentration is avoided, the connection firmness of the modular spray frame is reduced, and meanwhile, the balance hanging points are arranged on the cross beam to hoist the cross beam, so that the modular spray frame can be prevented from falling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first flow diagram of a simulation method of the aircraft test rain simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second flow diagram of a simulation method of the aircraft test rain simulator of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a first module frame of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the connection of the second module frame to the folding frame of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second module frame according to the present invention;
figure 6 is a schematic view of the construction of the pipe clamp of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the connection of the tube clamp of the present invention to a water supply line;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of the balance hanging point of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of the balance lifting point and module frame i of the present invention.
Wherein, 1-modular spray rack, 10-modular frame I, 100-connecting hook, 1000-mounting rod, 1001-shackle, 1002-resisting block, 1003-pressing rod, 101-connecting hanging ring, 102-storage seat I, 103-clamping notch, 104-notch, 1040-rotating connecting rod, 105-sleeve, 11-beam I, 12-modular frame II, 120-storage seat II, 121-clamping ring, 13-folding frame, 130-splicing sub-plate, 131-hinge, 132-beam III, 133-clamping hook, 134-handle, 14-beam II, 2-water supply pipeline, 3-pipe clamp, 30-upper clamp, 31-lower clamp, 32-anti-loose screw nut component, 33-anti-slip rubber, 34-elastic semicircle block I, 4-nozzle, 5-balance lifting point, 50-lifting block, 51-cover plate, 52-fixing bolt, 53-hanging ring and 54-elastic semi-circular block II.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments thereof for better understanding the advantages of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3, the aircraft test rain simulation device comprises a modular spray rack 1, 9 water supply pipelines 2 arranged on the modular spray rack 1, 4 pipe clamps 3 for fixing the water supply pipelines 2, nozzles 4 arranged on the water supply pipelines 2, and balance lifting points 5 for lifting the modular spray rack 1;
the modular spray frame 1 is composed of 3 module frames I10 which are spliced with each other, each module frame I10 is formed by splicing two criss-cross beams I11 made of aluminum alloy materials, the side wall of each module frame I10 is respectively provided with two groups of connecting hooks 100 and two groups of connecting hanging rings 101 which are oppositely distributed, the four corners of the module frame I10 are respectively provided with a storage seat I102, the upper end of the storage seat I102 is provided with a clamping notch 103,
a notch 104 is formed in the side wall of the first 10 module frame corresponding to the two groups of connecting hooks 100, a rotating connecting rod 1040 is arranged in the notch 104, the connecting hooks 100 comprise mounting rods 1000 connected with the outer wall of the rotating connecting rod 1040 through sleeves 105, shackles 1001 connected with the mounting rods 1000, abutting blocks 1002 arranged at the tail ends of the inner walls of the shackles 1001, and pressure rods 1003, one ends of which are connected with the inner walls of the shackles 1001 through torsion springs and the other ends of which are abutted against the inner sides of the abutting blocks 1002, and the height of the mounting rods 1000 is smaller than the height between the bottom end of the first 102 storage seats and the bottom end of the first 10 module frame;
the water supply pipeline 2 is connected with the first cross beam 11 through the pipe clamp 3, the balance lifting points 5 are arranged on the first cross beam 11 through an enclosing structure, a plurality of groups of nozzles 4 are arranged, and the plurality of groups of nozzles 4 are rotatably sleeved on the water supply pipeline 2;
the size of each module frame I10 is designed to be 2.75m multiplied by 2.75 m;
as shown in fig. 6 and 7, the pipe clamp 3 includes an upper clamp 30 and a lower clamp 31 clamped on the upper and lower sides of the water supply pipeline 2, a lockscrew nut assembly 32 for connecting the upper clamp 30 and the lower clamp 31, an anti-skid rubber 33 arranged on the inner walls of the upper clamp 30 and the lower clamp 31, and a first elastic semicircular block 34 pre-embedded in the first module frame 10 and arranged opposite to the anti-skid rubber 33 to form a compression connection structure;
as shown in fig. 8 and 9, the balance lifting point 5 includes a lifting block 50 capable of being buckled on the beam 10, a cover plate 51 forming an enclosing structure with the lifting block 50, a fixing bolt 52 for connecting the lifting block 50 and the cover plate 51, a lifting ring 53 movably mounted at the upper end of the lifting block 50, and a second elastic semicircular block 54 pre-embedded in the lifting block 50 and forming a compression structure with the beam 10, and the balance lifting point 5 adopts an enclosing structure to enclose the auxiliary beam 10 made of aluminum alloy in a rectangular frame;
the disassembly and assembly method of the modular spray frame 1 comprises the following steps:
when the first module frames 10 are stacked, the first module frames 10 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and the first storage seats 102 corresponding to the first module frames 10 at the upper end are inserted into the clamping notches 103 of the first module frames 10 at the lower end, at this time, the connecting rods 1040 are rotated to place the shackles 1001 in the vertical direction, so as to save the placing space; when the module frames 10 need to be laid and installed, the module frames 10 are sequentially unfolded from left to right, each rotating connecting rod 1040 is rotated to enable each connecting hook 100 to be in a horizontal position, and then the shackle 1001 on each module frame 10 is hung in the connecting shackle 101 corresponding to the module frame 10 adjacent to the shackle.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:
as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the modular spray rack 1 is replaced by a foldable spray rack, the foldable spray rack includes a second module frame 12 and two foldable frames 13 arranged on the left and right sides of the second module frame 12, the foldable frames 13 are composed of a plurality of spliced sub-boards 130, two adjacent spliced sub-boards 130 are connected by a hinge 131, a second storage seat 120 is arranged at the four corners of the second module frame 12, the second module frame 12 is formed by splicing a plurality of criss-cross second beams 14 made of aluminum alloy, a third beam 132 is arranged in each spliced sub-board 130, the water supply pipeline 2 is connected with the second beam 14 and the third beam 132 through pipe clamps 3, and the balance lifting point 5 is arranged on the second beam 14 and the third beam 132 through a surrounding structure;
the front side and the rear side of the second module frame 12 are both provided with a clamping ring 121, and the two splicing sub-boards 130 of the two folding frames 13 at the farthest sides from the second module frame 12 are provided with clamping hooks 133 corresponding to the clamping rings 121;
the two splicing sub-boards 130 at the farthest sides of the two folding frames 13 from the second module frame 12 are provided with handles 134;
the disassembly and assembly method of the folding spray rack comprises the following steps:
when each folding frame 13 is folded and connected with the second module frame 12, the hook 133 is taken down from the snap ring 121, the handle 134 is pulled outwards to unfold each spliced sub-board 130, when the folding frame needs to be folded, each spliced sub-board 130 is folded through the inward pressing handle 134, and the hook 133 is clamped into the snap ring 121.
Example 3
The present embodiment describes a simulation method of the aircraft test rain simulation apparatus according to embodiment 1, including the steps of:
s1, comprehensively considering the requirements of rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity, selecting the types of the nozzles 4, calculating the number of the nozzles 4, and arranging the nozzles 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, selecting the type of the nozzle 4:
the nozzle 4 is a solid nozzle, the diameter of the water drops sprayed by the nozzle 4 is required to be within the range of 0.5mm to 4.5mm, and the nozzles 4 of corresponding models or the nozzles 4 of several models are selected to be combined according to the diameter of the water drops;
s1-2, calculating the number of the nozzles 4 according to the following calculation formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as is the total number of the nozzles 4,
is the rainfall intensity, and the unit is m/h,
the area of rainfall in m2，
Is the flow rate of a single nozzle 4, and has the unit of m3/h；
S1-3, splicing the modular spray racks 1 together to form a spray array according to the size of a spray face, wherein the area of the spray array corresponds to the size of the spray face, and determining the number of the nozzles 4 arranged on a single modular spray rack 1 according to the total number of the nozzles 4 determined in S1-2;
the modular spray rack 1 adopts a plurality of module frames I10 which are spliced with each other, and the number of the nozzles 4 on a single module frame I10 is further determined according to the number of the module frames I10;
s1-4, according to the requirement of rainfall uniformity, considering that the spray angle of the nozzles 4 is 120 degrees, the spray flow distribution of a single nozzle 4 shows the trend that the central flow is more and the edge flow is less, 4 nozzles 4 are required to be arranged on each module frame I10, and the spray surface can be fully covered and the spray uniformity can be improved by spraying and overlapping through the plurality of nozzles 4;
s2, airplane rain test:
and arranging 1 row of nozzles 4 at the periphery of the airplane periphery, and starting a corresponding nozzle layout mode according to the required rainfall intensity to perform a rain test.
Example 4
The present embodiment describes a simulation method of the aircraft test rain simulation apparatus in embodiment 2, including the following steps:
s1, comprehensively considering the requirements of rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity, selecting the types of the nozzles 4, calculating the number of the nozzles 4, and arranging the nozzles 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, selecting the type of the nozzle 4:
the nozzle 4 is a solid nozzle, the diameter of the water drops sprayed by the nozzle 4 is required to be within the range of 0.5mm to 4.5mm, and the nozzles 4 of corresponding models or the nozzles 4 of several models are selected to be combined according to the diameter of the water drops;
s1-2, calculating the number of the nozzles 4 according to the following calculation formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
as is the total number of the nozzles 4,
is the rainfall intensity, and the unit is m/h,
the area of rainfall in m2，
Is the flow rate of a single nozzle 4, and has the unit of m3/h；
S1-3, splicing the modular spray racks 1 together to form a spray array according to the size of a spray face, wherein the area of the spray array corresponds to the size of the spray face, and determining the number of the nozzles 4 arranged on a single modular spray rack 1 according to the total number of the nozzles 4 determined in S1-2;
the modular spray rack 1 adopts a folding spray rack, and the number of the nozzles 4 on the single module frame II 12 and the folding frame 13 is further determined according to the number of the folding spray racks;
s1-4, according to the requirement of rainfall uniformity, considering that the spray angle of the nozzles 4 is 120 degrees, the spray flow distribution of a single nozzle 4 shows the trend that the central flow is more and the edge flow is less, 12 nozzles 4 are required to be arranged on each module frame II 12 and the folding frame 13, and the spray face can be fully covered and the spray uniformity can be improved by spraying and overlapping through the plurality of nozzles 4;
s2, airplane rain test:
3 rows of nozzles 4 are arranged on the periphery of the airplane periphery, and corresponding nozzle layout modes are started according to the required rainfall intensity to perform a rain test.
Application example 1
For the rain test of the whole airplane, 4 types of nozzles QGA-1.5 and QGA-2.8W, QGA-5.6W, QGA-10W are combined through 7 types of nozzles to realize different rainfall intensities, wherein the diameter of a spray hole of the QGA-1.5 is 1.2mm, the diameter of a spray hole of the QGA-2.8W is 1.6mm, the diameter of a spray hole of the QGA-5.6W is 2.4mm, the diameter of a spray hole of the QGA-10W is 2.8mm, and seven combination forms of the nozzles are specifically shown in Table 1:
table 1: combination form of nozzle
According to the combination form, on the premise of not replacing the nozzle, the wide-range continuous rainfall intensity adjustment can be realized, and the interruption of the airplane rain test is avoided.
Application example 2
In a climate environment laboratory, firstly, the nozzles 4 are arranged at corresponding positions of the modular spray frame 1; then splicing the modular spray frame 1 of the rain simulation device on the ground, hanging the spliced modular spray frame 1 on a truss through steel wire ropes, wherein each steel wire rope is provided with an elastic threaded sleeve, the levelness of the modular spray frame 1 is convenient to adjust, the height difference of each point in the same plane of the modular spray frame 1 is required to be within +/-20 mm, and the truss is connected with an upper transportation system through the steel wire ropes or a manual hoist to hang the modular spray frame 1 to the required height; finally, connecting the water supply pipeline 2 between the modular spray frames 1 and the water supply pipeline 2 from the modular spray frames 1 to a water supply input end, and opening corresponding nozzle combination modes according to the required rainfall intensity to perform an airplane rain test;
and (3) experimental calculation:
supposing that the spraying area is 3m multiplied by 3m and the rainfall intensity range is 40 mm/h-400 mm/h, because the rainfall intensity range is large, the type selection and the layout of the nozzles 4 are designed by increasing gradually from the minimum rainfall intensity, considering that the spraying angle of the nozzles 4 is about 120 degrees, the spraying flow distribution of a single nozzle shows the trend that the central flow is more and the edge flow is less, 4-12 nozzles are arranged in the spraying surface, the full coverage and the uniformity of the spraying surface can be realized through spraying superposition, and the rainfall intensity range covered by the nozzles 4 in the working pressure range is calculated;
the minimum rainfall intensity is calculated from 40mm/h, the QGA-2.8W entity conical nozzle is selected for calculation, the minimum working pressure is 1bar, and the corresponding single nozzle flow is 0.072m3H, maximum working pressure 4bar, corresponding to a single nozzle flow of 0.138m3The rainfall intensity range which can be realized by arranging 4 nozzles in a spray face of 3m multiplied by 3m is 32 mm/h-61 mm/h through calculation;
the rainfall intensity is 61mm/h, the QGA-5.6W entity conical nozzle is selected for calculation, the minimum working pressure is 0.5bar, and the flow of the corresponding single nozzle is 0.108m3H, maximum working pressure 4bar, corresponding to a single nozzle flow of 0.276m3The rainfall intensity range which can be realized by arranging 6 nozzles in the spray face 3mX3m is 48 mm/h-122 mm/h through calculation;
the rainfall intensity is calculated from 122mm/h, the QGA-10W entity conical nozzle is selected for calculation, the minimum working pressure is 1bar, and the flow of the corresponding single nozzle is 0.27m3H, maximum working pressure 4bar, corresponding to a single nozzle flow of 0.492m3The rainfall intensity range which can be realized by arranging 12 nozzles in the spray face of 3m multiplied by 3m is 120 mm/h-218 mm/h through calculation;
when the rainfall intensity is greater than 218mm/h, the combination of the QGA-5.6W and the QGA-10W nozzles is selected to realize the rainfall intensity, the working pressure is 1 bar-4 bar, and the achievable rainfall intensity range is 168 mm/h-340 mm/h;
when the rainfall intensity is greater than 340mm/h, the combination of the QGA-2.8W, QGA-5.6W and QGA-10W nozzles is selected, the working pressure is 3 bar-4 bar, and the achievable rainfall intensity range is 296 mm/h-402 mm/h;
the continuous rainfall intensity of 40 mm/h-400 mm/h can be realized by adopting three nozzles of QGA-2.8W, QGA-5.6W and QGA-10W;
through testing, the nozzle type selection and layout obtained through the method can realize 40-400 mm/h continuous rainfall, the spraying uniformity can reach more than 80% in the full rainfall intensity range, and the rainfall intensity of a rain system is realized by mutually overlapping the spraying surfaces of the nozzles, so that at least 1-3 rows of nozzles are required to be arranged on the periphery of the airplane to ensure that the rainfall on the surface of the airplane presents better uniformity.
Claims (9)
1. The aircraft test rain simulation device is characterized by comprising a modular spray frame (1), a plurality of water supply pipelines (2) arranged on the modular spray frame (1), a plurality of pipe clamps (3) used for fixing the water supply pipelines (2), nozzles (4) arranged on the water supply pipelines (2), and balance lifting points (5) used for lifting the modular spray frame (1);
the modular spray frame (1) is composed of a plurality of module frames I (10) which are spliced with each other, each module frame I (10) is formed by splicing a plurality of criss-cross beams I (11) made of aluminum alloy materials, the side wall of each module frame I (10) is respectively provided with two groups of connecting hooks (100) and two groups of connecting hanging rings (101) which are distributed oppositely, the four corners of each module frame I (10) are respectively provided with a storage seat I (102), the upper end of each storage seat I (102) is provided with a clamping notch (103),
the side wall of the first module frame (10) is provided with a notch (104) corresponding to the two groups of connecting hooks (100), a rotating connecting rod (1040) is arranged in the notch (104), each connecting hook (100) comprises an installing rod (1000) connected with the outer wall of the corresponding rotating connecting rod (1040) through a sleeve (105), a hook ring (1001) connected with the installing rod (1000), a butting block (1002) arranged at the tail end of the inner wall of the hook ring (1001), and a pressure lever (1003) with one end connected with the inner wall of the hook ring (1001) through a torsion spring and the other end butted against the inner side of the butting block (1002), and the height of the installing rod (1000) is smaller than the height between the bottom end of the first storage seat (102) and the bottom end of the first module frame (10);
the water supply pipeline (2) is connected with the first cross beam (11) through the pipe clamp (3), the balance hoisting point (5) is arranged on the first cross beam (11) through an enclosed structure, the nozzles (4) are provided with a plurality of groups, and the plurality of groups of nozzles (4) are all rotatably sleeved on the water supply pipeline (2).
2. An aircraft test rain simulator according to claim 1, characterised in that each module frame one (10) is dimensioned to be 2.75m x 2.75 m.
3. The aircraft test rain simulator according to claim 1, wherein the pipe clamp (3) comprises an upper clamp body (30) and a lower clamp body (31) which are clamped on the upper side and the lower side of the water supply pipeline (2), a check screw nut assembly (32) for connecting the upper clamp body (30) and the lower clamp body (31), anti-slip rubber (33) arranged on the inner walls of the upper clamp body (30) and the lower clamp body (31), and a first elastic semicircular block (34) which is embedded in the first module frame (10) and is arranged opposite to the anti-slip rubber (33) to form a compression connection structure.
4. The aircraft test rain simulator according to claim 1, wherein the balance lifting point (5) comprises a lifting block (50) capable of being buckled on the cross beam (10), a cover plate (51) forming a surrounding structure with the lifting block (50), a fixing bolt (52) used for connecting the lifting block (50) and the cover plate (51), a lifting ring (53) movably mounted at the upper end of the lifting block (50), and a second elastic semicircular block (54) which is embedded in the lifting block (50) and forms a compression structure with the cross beam (10), and the balance lifting point (5) adopts the surrounding structure to surround the auxiliary beam (10) made of aluminum alloy in a rectangular frame.
5. An aircraft test rain simulator according to claim 1, wherein the nozzle (4) comprises four models QGA-1.5 and QGA-2.8W, QGA-5.6W, QGA-10W, the nozzle diameter of QGA-1.5 is 1.2mm, the nozzle diameter of QGA-2.8W is 1.6mm, the nozzle diameter of QGA-5.6W is 2.4mm, and the nozzle diameter of QGA-10W is 2.8 mm.
6. An aircraft test rain simulator as in claim 1, the modular spray rack (1) is replaced by a folding spray rack, the folding spray rack comprises a second module frame (12) and two folding frames (13) arranged at the left side and the right side of the second module frame (12), the folding frame (13) is composed of a plurality of splicing sub-boards (130), two adjacent splicing sub-boards (130) are connected through hinges (131), storage seats II (120) are arranged at four corners of a module frame II (12), the module frame II (12) is formed by splicing a plurality of criss-cross beams II (14) made of aluminum alloy materials, a beam III (132) is arranged in each splicing sub-board (130), the water supply pipeline (2) is connected with the second cross beam (14) and the third cross beam (132) through pipe clamps (3), and the balance lifting points (5) are arranged on the second cross beam (14) and the third cross beam (132) through a surrounding structure.
7. The aircraft test rain simulation device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the front side and the rear side of the second module frame (12) are respectively provided with a snap ring (121), and two splicing sub-boards (130) of the two folding frames (13) farthest away from the second module frame (12) are provided with snap hooks (133) corresponding to the snap rings (121).
8. An aircraft test rain simulator according to claim 7, characterized in that the two splice sub-panels (130) of the two folding frames (13) furthest from the second module frame (12) are provided with handles (134).
9. A simulation method of an aircraft test rain simulator according to claim 1 or 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s1, comprehensively considering the requirements of rainfall intensity and rainfall uniformity, selecting the type of the nozzles (4), calculating the number of the nozzles (4), and arranging the nozzles (4), wherein the method comprises the following steps:
s1-1, selecting the type of the nozzle (4):
the solid nozzles are selected as the nozzles (4), the diameter of water drops sprayed by the nozzles (4) is required to be within the range of 0.5mm to 4.5mm, and the nozzles (4) of corresponding models or the nozzles (4) of several models are selected to be combined according to the diameter of the water drops;
s1-2, calculating the number of the nozzles (4), wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the total number of the nozzles (4),
is the rainfall intensity, and the unit is m/h,
is the area of rainfall, unitIs m2，
Is the flow rate of a single nozzle (4) and has the unit of m3/h；
S1-3, splicing a plurality of modular spray racks (1) together to form a spray array according to the size of a spray face, wherein the area of the spray array corresponds to the size of the spray face, and determining the number of nozzles (4) arranged on a single modular spray rack (1) according to the total number of the nozzles (4) determined in S1-2;
when the modular spray rack (1) adopts a plurality of module frames I (10) which are spliced with each other, the number of the nozzles (4) on the single module frame I (10) is further determined according to the number of the module frames I (10),
when the modular spray rack (1) adopts a folding spray rack, the number of the nozzles (4) on the single module frame II (12) and the folding frame (13) is further determined according to the number of the folding spray racks;
s1-4, according to the requirement of rainfall uniformity, considering that the spraying angle of the spray nozzles (4) is 120 degrees, the spraying flow distribution of a single spray nozzle (4) shows the trend that the central flow is more and the edge flow is less, 4-12 spray nozzles (4) are arranged on each module frame I (10) or each module frame II (12) and the folding frame (13), and the spray face can be fully covered and the spraying uniformity can be improved by spraying and overlapping through the plurality of spray nozzles (4);
s2, airplane rain test:
and arranging 1-3 rows of nozzles (4) on the periphery of the airplane contour, and opening a corresponding nozzle layout mode according to the required rainfall intensity to perform a rain test.
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