CN113958388A - 用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段 - Google Patents

用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段 Download PDF

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CN113958388A
CN113958388A CN202110763485.XA CN202110763485A CN113958388A CN 113958388 A CN113958388 A CN 113958388A CN 202110763485 A CN202110763485 A CN 202110763485A CN 113958388 A CN113958388 A CN 113958388A
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catalyst
combustion
exhaust pipe
pipe
pipe section
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J·皮克特
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
    • F02D9/04—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits concerning exhaust conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/16—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
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    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2410/00—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device
    • F01N2410/06—By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device at cold starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段，其中该排气管段(1)具有管道(7)，该管道以可通流的方式与该燃烧动力发动机(2)的排气歧管(3)连接，其中该排气管道(7)在该排气歧管(3)下游包括用于减少该燃烧动力发动机(2)的有害物质排放的净化单元(4)，其中该净化单元(4)包括至少一个催化器(6)、能够电加热的加热催化器(13)和支撑该加热催化器(13)的支撑催化器(14)，其中该加热催化器(13)和该支撑催化器(14)被设计为环形的。根据本发明，为了降低单缸λ效应，该加热催化器(13)被设计为接受48伏的电力供应。

Description

用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段。
背景技术
具有或不具有排气涡轮增压器的燃烧动力发动机是已知的。为了减少燃烧动力发动机的排放，在燃烧动力发动机的排气管段中、在燃烧动力发动机的排气门下游布置有不同的排气净化单元，尤其是催化器和颗粒过滤器。
排气净化单元的高效运行取决于其特定的运行温度，该运行温度又取决于燃烧动力发动机的流经该排气净化单元的排气质量流的温度。通常，排气温度越高，排气净化单元的运行就越高效。在排气温度较低时，排气净化单元的运行所需的特定温度有时达不到。这尤其被视为燃烧动力发动机的所谓的冷启动运行。为了实现对应较高的排气温度，例如在发动机内部采取如下措施：例如将排气门的打开时刻设定得相对较早或提供富氧混合燃烧。将二次空气吹入排气质量流中是同样已知的。另一个加热排气质量流的方式是使用所谓的热燃烧器，这些热燃烧器呈附加系统的形式使喷入排气管段中的燃料与流经这些热燃烧器的排气质量流燃烧。
还已知的是所谓的加热催化器，这些加热催化器具有被设计为延伸到排气质量流中的加热元件，该加热元件被电加热并且使流过和/或流经该加热元件的排气质量流变热。
这种优选呈环形催化器形式设计的可电加热的催化器为了实现其机械稳定性而被布置在所谓的支撑催化器上，优选地被设计成与这些支撑催化器以销固定。
然而在奥托发动机中会产生所谓的单缸λ效应，这些效应由于排气流中不同的排气浓度而可能会歪曲λ探针的测量值，这些测量值进而影响燃料喷入燃烧发动机并且因此影响其排放。
因此，为了避免单缸λ效应，公开文件DE 10 2017 111 125 A1提出了一种用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段，该排气管段具有排气通流而过的环形催化器，并且还原剂可以从该环形催化器的端面开始被供应至该环形催化器的流动截面中。在这个环形催化器与在环形催化器下游布置在排气管段中的用于选择性催化还原氮氧化物的催化器之间设计有电加热元件，该电加热元件用于加热流经催化器的排气。
从公开文件DE 10 2014 115 923 A1和DE 10 2014 223 491 A1中分别得知用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段，该排气管段具有可加热的催化器，这些催化器为了接受电力供应而连接至具有燃烧动力发动机的机动车辆的48V车载电网。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种改进的用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段。
根据本发明，这个目的通过一种具有以下特征的用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段来实现。本发明的具有便利且重要的改进方案的有利设计方案在相应的优选实施方式中给出。
根据本发明的用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段具有管道，该管道可通流地与燃烧动力发动机的排气歧管连接。在排气歧管下游，排气管道包括用于减少燃烧动力发动机的有害物质排放的净化单元，其中该净化单元包括至少一个催化器(尤其呈3向催化器的形式)、可电加热的加热催化器和支撑加热催化器的支撑催化器。加热催化器和支撑催化器被设计为环形的。根据本发明，为了降低单缸λ效应，加热催化器被设计为接受48伏的电力供应。
可电加热的加热催化器被设置为用于使在排气管段中流动的排气变热，并且尤其用于缩短燃烧动力发动机的冷启动与开始高效的排气后处理之间的时间。同样，该加热催化器尤其在燃烧动力发动机的较低至中等的部分负荷范围(其中排气温度低于全负荷范围)中被设置为用于提高排气的温度，以便高效地减少排放。通过以48伏给加热催化器供应电力可以降低并且尤其消除预先已知的所谓的单缸λ效应。
在根据本发明的排气管段的一个设计方案中，加热催化器连接至具有燃烧动力发动机的机动车辆的48伏车载电网。即换言之，基于有利地设计的加热催化器，可以使用机动车辆的已经存在的车载电网来给该加热催化器供应电力，而不需要额外的电力供应设备。
进一步有利的是尤其环形的加热催化器的设计。因此优选地，可以在燃烧动力发动机运行时实现经过加热催化器的不同流量。或换言之，可以在需要时流经或额外地流经加热催化器。因此，例如可以取决于燃烧动力发动机的运行来实现经调节的或未经调节的经过加热催化器的流量。尤其如果在排气管段中在催化器上游设计有针对经加热催化器的流动的控制元件，则可以在需要时流经或绕过加热催化器。例如，并非必须在燃烧动力发动机的全负荷运行中加载加热催化器，这是因为在这个运行范围内，排气温度足以高效地减少排放。
为了改善环形的催化器的稳定性，在管道中布置有管，其中加热催化器和支撑催化器被设计为包围管。
优选地，在该加热催化器上游、在该管与该管道之间形成流入空间，其中该管在其在该加热催化器上游形成的入口开口处具有管直径，该管直径与该管道的直径相对应，其中该管在该流入空间的区域中具有通流开口。优点在于，环形的加热催化器和环形的支撑催化器处于稳定设计中，同时排气可高效地流向加热催化器，该排气可以藉由通流开口流入到流入空间中。流入空间尤其被设计为：尤其在燃烧动力发动机的低负荷范围和部分负荷范围内，与流经该流入空间的空腔相比，优选地设定流向加热催化器。
可以借助于管的催化活性涂层实现进一步改善排气中的有害物质的减少。为了进一步改善排气净化，净化单元具有颗粒过滤器。
附图说明
从下面对优选实施例的描述并且借助于附图来获得本发明的其他优点、特征和细节。在不偏离本发明的框架的情况下，以上在说明书中提及的特征和特征组合以及下文在附图说明中提及的和/或在附图中单独示出的特征和特征组合，不仅可以按相应给出的组合使用，而且还可以按其他的组合来使用或单独使用。唯一的附图示出了根据本发明的用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段的局部。
具体实施方式
如在图中以排气管段1的局部可见的，燃烧动力发动机2的根据本发明的排气管段1是示例性地设计的。燃烧动力发动机2被设计为呈奥托发动机的形式。
排气管段1以可通流的方式与燃烧动力发动机2的排气歧管3连接，该排气歧管用于将燃烧动力发动机2的未详细展示的气缸与排气管段1流体连接。燃烧动力发动机2的排气藉由排气管段1被引导，并且被传递到环境中。
通常，在排气管段中设置有未详细展示的排气涡轮增压器的未详细展示的涡轮机，该涡轮机与布置在燃烧动力发动机2的未详细展示的进气管段中的未详细展示的压缩机连接。在涡轮机中，利用排气焓来驱动压缩机，由此该压缩机可以吸入燃烧空气并且可以将其压缩。这些被吸入并且被压缩的燃烧空气在燃烧动力发动机的进气行程中被供应给其气缸，并且在该气缸中在供应燃料的情况下燃烧。如果设计有燃烧动力发动机的增压装置，该增压装置并非必须呈排气涡轮增压器的形式存在，而是例如还可以被设计为呈机械压缩机的形式，则存在以下可能性：燃烧动力发动机的功率相比于没有增压装置的情况得到提高。如果设计为没有增压装置，则未经压缩的燃烧空气藉由进气行程被供应给气缸，在那里该燃烧空气在供应燃料的情况下燃烧。
燃烧的最终产物是排气，该排气具有的对应的有害物质成分取决于燃烧动力发动机2，而不论燃烧动力发动机是被实施为呈奥托发动机还是柴油发动机的形式。
为了减少包含在燃烧动力发动机2的排气中的有害物质，净化单元4被布置在排气管段1中。这个净化单元4除了可通流的颗粒过滤器5之外，还具有布置在颗粒过滤器5下游的可通流的催化器6，如在图中展示的。同样还可以设计有所谓的脱氮催化器，或者净化单元4还可以实施为具有尿素罐，该尿素罐用于将尿素供应给排气，以便减少氮氧化物排放。可以设想净化单元4的实施方式的多种可能性。
排气管段1具有可通流的管道7，其中净化单元4的每个构件优选可通流地串联地布置在管道7中。管道7的直径D被设计为在颗粒过滤器5与排气歧管3之间增加。在净化单元4上游并且在排气歧管3下游，在管道7中布置有所谓的λ探针8，该λ探针用于在空燃比方面测量排气成分，其中测定排气中的剩余氧含量。
管道7在λ探针8下游具有空心柱形管9，该空心柱形管在颗粒过滤器5上游既可以在其外表面10上被环流，也可以通过空心柱形管的空腔11被流经。管9在其沿排气流动的方向形成的入口开口12处具有大致与直径D相对应的管直径d，该管直径优选地在轴向方向上沿管道7的纵向轴线L是恒定的或大体上恒定的。
管9以接纳在其外表面10上的方式形成有加热催化器13和支撑加热催化器13的支撑催化器14，该加热催化器是可电加热的，并且为了避免所谓的单缸λ效应而具有借助于电力接口24藉由具有燃烧动力发动机2的机动车辆的48伏车载电网的电力供应，其中加热催化器13和支撑催化器14被设计为用于环形地容纳管9。直径D至少在加热催化器13和支撑催化器14的轴向总长度上根据它们的外直径DA而设计。
在入口开口12下游直至加热催化器13的入口面15，直径D被实施为扩大的，其中在外表面10与管道7之间形成流入空间16，其中管9在这个区域中具有通流开口17，排气可以藉由这些通流开口从空腔11出发流动到流入空间16中，并且从那里流入加热催化器13和支撑催化器14。即换言之，一部分排气18在流经催化器6和颗粒过滤器5之前藉由通流开口17可以流经加热催化器13和支撑催化器14，并且另一部分排气19可以经由管9几乎绕过这两个催化器13、14。该另一部分排气19未经处理地被供应给颗粒过滤器5。
该另一部分排气19的量可以借助于控制元件20来设定。控制元件20在管9中被布置在催化器6上游，优选地被布置在支撑催化器14下游，并且被设计为呈可以围绕旋转轴线21旋转的活门22的形式。取决于该活门的位置，管直径d(活门22的活门直径在考虑运动间隙的情况下与该管直径相对应)完全或部分地被释放或关闭。在管直径d完全关闭时，排气被引导完全经过加热催化器13和支撑催化器14。
在燃烧动力发动机2的负荷较小或中等时，管直径d借助于活门22完全至部分地关闭，使得排气主要流经这两个催化器13、14。尤其，在燃烧动力发动机2的全负荷范围内，管直径d完全打开，并且排气可以完全流经空腔11。
支撑催化器14和催化器6各自具有所谓的跃变探针23。还被称为所谓的“二进制的”λ探针的跃变探针23具有在两个值之间振荡的探针信号，取决于该探针信号来设定燃料量。
在另外未详细展示的实施例中，管9在其朝向排气形成的壁上具有催化涂层，由此实现进一步减少排放。
附图标记清单
1 排气管段
2 燃烧动力发动机
3 排气歧管
4 净化单元
5 颗粒过滤器
6 催化器
7 管道
8 λ探针
9 管
10 外表面
11 空腔
12 入口开口
13 加热催化器
14 支撑催化器
15 入口面
16 流入空间
17 通流开口
18 一部分排气
19 另一部分排气
20 控制元件
21 旋转轴线
22 活门
23 跃变探针
24 电力接口
d 管直径
D 直径
DA 外直径
L 纵向轴线

Claims (8)

1.一种用于燃烧动力发动机的排气管段，其中该排气管段(1)具有管道(7)，该管道以可通流的方式与该燃烧动力发动机(2)的排气歧管(3)连接，其中该排气管道(7)在该排气歧管(3)下游包括用于减少该燃烧动力发动机(2)的有害物质排放的净化单元(4)，其中该净化单元(4)包括至少一个催化器(6)、能够电加热的加热催化器(13)和支撑该加热催化器(13)的支撑催化器(14)，其中该加热催化器(13)和该支撑催化器(14)被设计为环形的，其特征在于，为了降低单缸λ效应，该加热催化器(13)被设计为接受48伏的电力供应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的排气管段，其特征在于，该加热催化器(13)连接至具有该燃烧动力发动机(2)的机动车辆的48伏车载电网。
3.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气管段，其特征在于，在该排气管段(1)中在该催化器(6)上游设计有针对经该加热催化器(13)的流动的控制元件(20)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的排气管段，其特征在于，该控制元件(20)在该管道(7)中被布置在该催化器(6)上游并且被布置在该加热催化器(13)下游。
5.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气管段，其特征在于，该加热催化器(13)和该支撑催化器(14)被设计为包围布置在该管道(7)中的管(9)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的排气管段，其特征在于，在该加热催化器(13)上游、在该管(9)与该管道(7)之间形成流入空间(16)，其中该管(9)在其在该加热催化器(13)上游形成的入口开口(12)处具有管直径(d)，该管直径与该管道(7)的直径(D)相对应，其中该管(9)在该流入空间(16)的区域中具有通流开口(17)。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的排气管段，其特征在于，该管(9)是催化涂覆的。
8.根据前述权利要求之一所述的排气管段，其特征在于，该净化单元(4)具有颗粒过滤器(5)。
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