CN113948599B - Solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN113948599B CN113948599B CN202110998257.0A CN202110998257A CN113948599B CN 113948599 B CN113948599 B CN 113948599B CN 202110998257 A CN202110998257 A CN 202110998257A CN 113948599 B CN113948599 B CN 113948599B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 230
- 159000000009 barium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012952 cationic photoinitiator Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000001723 curing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001728 carbonyl compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-phenyl-2h-tetrazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=NNN=N1 MARUHZGHZWCEQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ba+2] CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;selanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=[Se] UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001029 thermal curing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylphenol;3-methylphenol;4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1.CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1.CC1=CC=CC=C1O QTWJRLJHJPIABL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NVYSZBBUNUUCSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C Chemical compound CCCC.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C NVYSZBBUNUUCSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005411 Van der Waals force Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010668 complexation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000703 high-speed centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000016 photochemical curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
Abstract
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, wherein the solar cell comprises: a substrate and a grid line positioned on the surface of the substrate; the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, the matrix coats at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the matrix is provided with a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical. The embodiment of the application is beneficial to improving the power of the assembly after the solar cell is packaged.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module.
Background
Solar cells can generate electricity by using sunlight, and metal grid lines are provided on the surface of a substrate of the solar cell in order to increase the current collecting capability of the solar cell. In order to avoid the problem that more incident light irradiates the surface of the metal grid line and cannot be absorbed and utilized by the solar cell, the width of the metal grid line is usually made as narrow as possible. Generally, the area of the metal grid line accounts for less than 4% of the total area of the battery, so that incident light is absorbed and utilized by the substrate more.
However, although the width of the metal grid line is narrower, the solar cell has lower utilization rate of sunlight, so that the power of the packaged assembly of the solar cell is lower, which is unfavorable for improving the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, which are at least beneficial to improving the module power of the packaged solar cell.
The embodiment of the application provides a solar cell, which comprises: a substrate and a grid line positioned on the surface of the substrate; the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, the matrix coats at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the matrix is provided with a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical.
In addition, the material of the matrix comprises at least one of metal carbonyl compound, metal oxide, cationic photoinitiator and resin.
In addition, the grid line comprises a side surface and a top surface connected with the side surface, and the reflecting layer covers the side surface and the top surface of the grid line.
In addition, the mass ratio of the barium salt particles to the matrix is 1.5:1-5.6:1.
In addition, the barium salt particles include first barium salt particles having a first particle size range and second barium salt particles having a second particle size range, and the first particle size range is greater than the second particle size range.
The first particle diameter is in the range of 0.2 μm to 3 μm, and the second particle diameter is in the range of 0.02 μm to 0.05 μm.
In addition, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles to the second barium salt particles is 1:1 to 1.5:1.
In addition, the barium salt particles include any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
The thickness of the reflective layer is 0.2 μm to 3 μm.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises the solar cell; the solar cell comprises a first cover plate and a second cover plate, wherein the solar cell is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate; and the packaging structure is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and is used for packaging the solar cell.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the solar cell, which comprises the following steps: providing a substrate; forming a grid line on the surface of a substrate; and forming a reflecting layer on the surface of the grid line, wherein the formed reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, the matrix coats at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the matrix is provided with a spherical crown surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown surface is spherical.
In addition, before forming the substrate, the substrate is an initial curing material, and the process steps for forming the reflecting layer include: mixing barium salt particles and an initial curing material by adopting a blending process to form a reflective coating; coating reflective paint on the surface of the grid line to form an initial reflective layer; and curing the initial reflecting layer to form the reflecting layer.
In addition, a screen printing process is adopted to coat reflective paint on the surface of the grid line, the grid line comprises a main grid line extending along a first direction and an auxiliary grid line extending along a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction; the process method for forming the initial reflecting layer on the surface of the grid line by adopting the screen printing process comprises the following steps: the process method for forming the first initial reflecting layer on the surface of the main grid line comprises the following steps: the screen mesh number of screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen is: 51-103 mu m, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s; the process method for forming the second initial reflecting layer on the surface of the auxiliary grid line comprises the following steps: the screen mesh number of screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen is: 21 μm to 43 μm, and the printing speed is 350 to 700mm/s.
In addition, the reflective coating is coated on the surface of the grid line by adopting a 3D printing process, and the process method adopting the 3D printing process comprises the following steps: adding reflective coating into the spray head, spraying the reflective coating onto the surface of the grid line by using the spray head, wherein the viscosity of the reflective coating is 8000 Pa.s-10000 Pa.s, the diameter of the spray head is 20-30 mu m, and the pressure of the spray head is 2.026 multiplied by 10 5 Pa～5.065×10 5 Pa。
In addition, a photo-thermal annealing process is adoptedThe process method for curing the initial reflecting layer by adopting the photo-thermal annealing process comprises the following steps: irradiating the initial reflecting layer with infrared light with the wavelength of 300-450 nm and the power density of 1kw/m 2 ～10kw/m 2 The heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the curing time is 1-120 s.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following advantages:
in the technical scheme of the solar cell provided by the embodiment of the application, the solar cell comprises: a substrate and a grid line positioned on the surface of the substrate; and the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line and performs secondary reflection on the incident light rays incident on the surface of the grid line. The reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, and the barium salt particles have higher reflectivity, so that incident light irradiated to the surfaces of the barium salt particles is reflected more. The substrate coats at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the substrate is provided with a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflecting layer to the incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles, so that the secondary utilization of the solar cell to the incident light after encapsulation is improved, and the power of the assembly is improved.
In addition, the barium salt particles include first barium salt particles and second barium salt particles, the first barium salt particles have a first particle size range, the second barium salt particles have a second particle size range, and the first particle size range is greater than the second particle size range, so that the barium salt particles having a smaller particle size range can fill the gaps between the barium salt particles having a larger particle size range, so that the porosity of the reflective layer is smaller, and therefore, incident light can be prevented from being incident to the surface of the grid line through the gaps between the reflective layers, and the utilization rate of the light can be further improved.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings, which are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments unless specifically indicated otherwise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view illustrating another cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating a reflection principle of a reflection layer of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic side view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a partial structure of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 7 to 8 are schematic structural diagrams corresponding to each step in a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a solar cell in a comparative example according to the present application.
Detailed Description
As known from the background art, the current solar cell has the problem of low power of the solar cell module after packaging.
Analysis shows that one of the reasons for the low power of the packaged solar cell assembly is that the glass in the packaging material can secondarily reflect the incident light reflected by the solar cell substrate and the metal grid line surface, so that a part of the incident light is incident on the substrate surface again and is absorbed again for use. However, since the reflectivity of the metal grid line surface to the incident light is lower, the incident light reflected by the metal grid line surface to the glass surface in the packaging material is less, so that the incident light secondarily reflected from the glass surface to the solar cell substrate is less, namely, the secondary utilization rate of the incident light is lower, and the power of the component after the solar cell packaging is lower.
The embodiment of the application provides a solar cell, which comprises a reflecting layer, wherein the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of a grid line and is used for carrying out secondary reflection on incident light rays entering the surface of the grid line. The reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, and the barium salt particles have higher reflectivity, so that incident light irradiated to the surfaces of the barium salt particles is reflected more. The surface of the reflecting layer far away from the substrate is provided with a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflecting layer to the incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles, so that the secondary utilization of the solar cell to the incident light after encapsulation is improved, and the assembly power of the solar cell is further improved.
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that in various embodiments of the present application, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present application. However, the claimed technical solution of the present application can be realized without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, a solar cell includes: a substrate 100 and a gate line 110 on the surface of the substrate; the reflective layer 120, the reflective layer 120 covers at least a portion of the surface of the grid line 110, the reflective layer 120 includes a matrix 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the matrix 122, the matrix 122 covers at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, the surface of the reflective layer 120 located away from the substrate 100 has a spherical cap surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical cap surface is spherical.
The substrate 100 is configured to receive incident light and generate photo-generated carriers, and has opposite front and back surfaces. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a bifacial cell, i.e., both the front and back sides of the substrate 100 are configured to receive solar rays; in other embodiments, the solar cell may be a single-sided cell, where the front side of the solar cell is a light receiving surface and the back side is a backlight surface. In some embodiments, the incident light may be solar light.
In some embodiments, the substrate 100 may be a silicon substrate, and the material of the silicon substrate may include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and microcrystalline silicon; in other embodiments, the material of the substrate 100 may also be elemental carbon, organic materials, and multi-compounds including gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenium, and the like.
The front surface of the substrate 100 has an emitter (not shown) forming a PN junction with the substrate 100. In some embodiments, the solar cell may be a PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell, passivated emitter back contact cell) cell, the substrate 100 being a P-type substrate, i.e. the substrate 100 is doped with P-type ions, the emitter being an N-type doped layer, doped with N-type ions; in other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact, tunnel oxide passivation contact) cell, the substrate 100 is an N-type substrate, the substrate 100 is doped with N-type ions, the emitter is a P-type doped layer, and the P-type ions are doped. Specifically, in some embodiments, the P-type ion may be any of boron, gallium, or indium, and the N-type ion may be any of phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.
In some embodiments, the base 100 refers to a semiconductor substrate (P-type or N-type substrate) after passivation. It is understood that the base 100 further includes a passivation layer overlying the surface (front or back) of the semiconductor substrate, which may include, but is not limited to, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, and the like.
The grid line 110 is used for collecting photo-generated carriers generated by the solar cell and guiding out current generated by the solar cell. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a double sided cell, in which case the grid lines 110 may be located on the front and back sides of the substrate 100; in other embodiments, where the solar cell is a double sided cell, the grid lines 110 may be located only on the front side of the substrate 100; in still other embodiments, where the solar cell is a bifacial cell, the gridlines 110 may also be located only on the back side of the substrate 100; in still other embodiments, where the solar cell is a single-sided cell, the grid lines 110 may also be located only on the front side of the substrate 100.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 may be a metal gate line electrode, and the electrode material may be any one of silver, copper, nickel, or aluminum, and a mixture thereof.
The substrate 122 coats at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121 to bond the barium salt particles 121 and to better bond the barium salt particles 121 to the surface of the grid line 110. This is because the barium salt particles 121 have a high surface activity, and agglomeration or agglomeration is easily generated between adjacent particles to affect the practical application of the barium salt particles 121, so that the barium salt particles 121 can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix 122 by using the matrix 122 to be combined with the barium salt particles 121, and then the reflectivity of the surface of the grid line 110 is increased by better combining the matrix 122 with the surface of the grid line 110.
In some embodiments, the matrix 122 coats a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121. This is because, in the step of photo-thermally curing the material of the matrix 122 coated on the surface of the barium salt particles 121 to form the matrix 122 in the actual process, part of the matrix 122 coated on the surface of the barium salt particles 121 is evaporated so that part of the surface of the barium salt particles 121 is directly exposed to the air. At this time, the substrate 122, in which the surface portions of the barium salt particles 121 are not evaporated, may still play a role in binding the barium salt particles 121.
Referring to fig. 2, in other embodiments, the substrate 122 may also cover the entire surface of the barium salt particles 121.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the material of the matrix 122 may be at least one of a metal carbonyl, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, or a resin. The metal carbonyl compound, the metal oxide, the cationic photoinitiator and the resin are photosensitive materials, so that after the barium salt particles 121 are blended with the photosensitive materials, the barium salt particles 121 can be combined with the surface of the grid line 110 in a photo-thermal curing mode, so that the preparation process is simpler. Specifically, the metal carbonyl, the metal oxide, and the cationic photoinitiator form a coating film on the surfaces of the barium salt particles 121 through physical action or van der waals force, so that on one hand, no agglomeration phenomenon occurs between the barium salt particles 121, and on the other hand, the coating film is adsorbed on the surfaces of the grid lines 110 through adsorption, so that the barium salt particles 121 are combined with the surfaces of the grid lines 110. The resin may be a photosensitive resin having a certain viscosity, and the resin is blended with the barium salt particles 121 such that the barium salt particles 121 are uniformly dispersed in the resin, and when the resin is cured by using a photo-curing method, a portion of the resin located between the voids of the barium salt particles 121 may be evaporated with an increase in temperature, and thus, a surface of the reflective layer 120 remote from the substrate may be formed to have a spherical cap surface corresponding to the barium salt particles 121. It will be appreciated that in other embodiments, the material of the substrate 122 may be a thermally curable material, provided that the surface of the reflective layer 120 remote from the substrate has a spherical cap surface corresponding to the barium salt particles 121 after curing.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the metal carbonyl compound may be a carbonyl-type manganese; the metal oxide may be zinc oxide; the resin may be a methylphenol epoxy acrylic resin or a methylpropane triacrylate.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 is 1.5:1 to 5.6:1. By adjusting the mass ratio of the barium salt particles 121 to the matrix 122 in this interval, on one hand, the barium salt particles 121 occupy more area, and the reflective layer 120 has larger area for reflecting incident light, so as to reflect more incident light; on the other hand, in the ratio range, the thickness of the substrate 122 coated with the barium salt particles 121 is moderate, the reflection effect of the surfaces of the barium salt particles 121 is not affected, and the barium salt particles 121 can be well combined with the surfaces of the grid lines 110.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may be 1.5:1 to 2:1; in other embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may be 2:1 to 3:1; in still other embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may also be 3:1 to 4.5:1; in still other embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may also be 4.5:1 to 5.6:1.
The reflective layer 120 is disposed on the surface of the grid line 110, so as to increase the reflectivity of the surface of the grid line 110, and after the solar cell is packaged, the incident light incident on the surface of the grid line 110 is reflected to the glass surface of the packaging material, and then secondarily reflected to the solar cell substrate through the glass, and absorbed and utilized again, thereby increasing the utilization rate of the incident light and improving the power of the assembly. Specifically, the barium salt particles 121 are disposed in the reflective layer 120, so that the reflective layer 120 has a high light reflectance. This is because, on the one hand, the barium salt particles 121 have a higher whiteness and a higher light reflectance per se, and can reflect more incident light; on the other hand, since the barium salt is spherical particles, the surface of the reflective layer 120 is also spherical at the position corresponding to the barium salt particles 121, and thus the surface of the reflective layer 120 has a large specific surface area. Compared with the reflective layer 120 having a planar surface, the reflective layer 120 has a spherical cap surface, so that the reflective area capable of reflecting the incident light is increased, and more incident light can be reflected, thereby increasing the reflectivity of the surface of the grating 110 to more than 90%. Therefore, after the solar cell is packaged, the secondary utilization rate of the reflected light can be improved, and the assembly power of the solar cell can be increased.
It is noted that the module power referred to herein refers to the generated power of the solar cell module.
Specifically, regarding the reflection principle of the reflective layer 120 on the surface of the gate line 110, reference may be made to fig. 3, and fig. 3 is a reflection principle diagram of the reflective layer 120.
Referring to fig. 3, the reflective layer 120 of the surface of the grid line 110 is irradiated by the incident light, and most of the incident light irradiated to the surface of the grid line 110 is reflected to the surface of the encapsulation cover 130 because the reflective layer 120 has the barium salt particles 121 and the barium salt particles 121 have high reflectivity. At this time, a portion of the incident light reflected to the surface of the encapsulation cover 130 is secondarily reflected to the substrate of the solar cell not covered by the grid line 110, so as to be re-absorbed and utilized. Meanwhile, since the barium salt particles 121 have a spherical surface, the surface of the reflective layer 120 has a plurality of spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the spherical barium salt particles 121. Compared with the surface of the reflective layer 120 being a plane, the surface of the reflective layer 120 being a spherical cap surface has a larger specific surface area, so that the area of the incident light is increased, and more secondary light irradiated to the surface of the grid line 110 can be reflected. In addition, the surface of the reflective layer 120 has a plurality of spherical crown surfaces, when the incident light irradiates one of the spherical crown surfaces, the incident light can be reflected to an adjacent spherical crown surface, and then reflected to the surface of the package cover 130 through the adjacent spherical crown surface, so that the incident light can be reflected to the surface of the package cover 130 through a plurality of different paths, and the reflectivity of the surface of the grid line 110 is further improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 may include a main gate line 111 and a sub gate line 112, and the reflective layer 120 covers at least a portion of the surface of the main gate line 111 and at least a portion of the surface of the sub gate line 112. The main gate line 111 is used to collect current conducted in the auxiliary gate line 112, and the auxiliary gate line 112 is used to collect photo-generated carriers and connect the auxiliary gate lines 112 in series. That is, the reflective layer 120 is located on the surface of the main grating 111 and the surface of the auxiliary grating 112 at the same time, so that the incident light incident on the surface of the main grating 111 and the incident light incident on the surface of the auxiliary grating 112 can be reflected by the reflective layer 120 more. Compared with the reflective layer 120 being located only on the surface of the main grid line 111 or only on the surface of the auxiliary grid line 112, the reflective layer 120 being located on both the surface of the main grid line 111 and the surface of the auxiliary grid line 112 can reflect more incident light rays irradiated to the surface of the grid line 110, thereby further improving the secondary utilization rate of the incident light rays and further improving the power generation. It is understood that in other embodiments, the gate line 110 may be only the main gate line 111; in still other embodiments, the gate line 110 may also be only the auxiliary gate line 112.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the width of the main gate line 111 may be 50 μm to 100 μm and the thickness may be 5 μm to 8 μm; the width of the auxiliary gate line 112 may be 20 μm to 40 μm and the thickness may be 13 μm to 16 μm.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the application.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 includes a side surface and a top surface connected to the side surface, and the reflective layer 120 may cover the side surface and the top surface of the gate line 110. In this way, compared to the reflective layer 120 only located on the top surface or only located on the side surface, the reflective layer 120 covers the side surface and the top surface of the grid line 110, so that the reflective area for the incident light is further increased, more incident light can be reflected, and the reflectivity of the surface of the grid line 110 is improved. It is understood that in other embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may be located only on the top surface of the gate line 110. In still other embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may also be located only on the sides of the gate line 110.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may have a thickness of 0.2 μm to 3 μm. Within this thickness range, the reflective layer 120 has a good reflection effect. On the one hand, the thickness of the reflecting layer 120 is not too small, so that the convex degree of the spherical crown-shaped surface of the reflecting layer 120 is larger, and the reflecting layer has larger specific surface area and higher reflectivity for incident light rays. On the other hand, in this thickness range, the problem of the excessive thickness of the reflective layer 120 can be avoided, so that the volume of the solar cell after packaging is not excessively large, and weight saving can be achieved.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 may be 0.2 μm to 1 μm; in other embodiments, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 may be 1 μm to 2 μm; in still other embodiments, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 may also be 2 μm to 3 μm.
In some embodiments, the barium salt particles 121 may include first barium salt particles 123 and second barium salt particles 124, the first barium salt particles 123 having a first particle size range, the second barium salt particles 124 having a second particle size range, and the first particle size range being greater than the second particle size range. That is, the first barium salt particles 123 have a coarser particle size than the second barium salt particles 124, while the second barium salt particles 124 have a finer particle size. The reason why the coarse-sized first barium salt particles 123 are blended with the fine-sized second barium salt particles 124 is that since the coarse-sized second barium salt particles 124 have a larger particle size and the barium salt particles 121 are spherical, there is a larger gap between the two contacted first barium salt particles 123, and the incident light may be irradiated to the surface of the grid line 110 through the gap and may not be reflected by the first barium salt particles 123. Therefore, the second barium salt particles 124 with a smaller particle size are mixed into the first barium salt particles 123, so that the second barium salt particles 124 can fill the gaps between the first barium salt particles 123, so that the void ratio between the barium salt particles 121 in the reflective layer 120 is smaller, and the problem that more incident light irradiates the surface of the grid line 110 through the gaps and cannot be reflected and utilized is avoided.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the first particle size range may be 0.2 μm to 3 μm and the second particle size range may be 0.02 μm to 0.05 μm. Within this range, on the one hand, the first barium salt particles 123 are made to have a larger particle diameter, so that the spherical crown-shaped surface of the reflective layer 120 remote from the substrate, which corresponds to the first barium salt particles 123, has a larger specific surface area, so that the reflective area of the surface of the reflective layer 120 is larger, and thus the incident light irradiated to the surface of the reflective layer 120 can be more reflected. Meanwhile, the first barium salt particles 123 have a larger particle size, so that the convex degree of the spherical crown-shaped surface is larger, and therefore, the concave-convex degree of the surface of the reflective layer 120 can be formed, so that the incident light forms diffuse reflection on the surface of the reflective layer 120 to a larger degree, and thus, the incident light is further reflected. On the other hand, in this range, the particle diameter of the second barium salt particles 124 is smaller, and thus, the gap between the two first barium salt particles 123 in contact is filled more densely. Meanwhile, the particle size of the second barium salt particles 124 can be adjusted to be changed within the range, so that smaller gaps can be filled with the finer second barium salt particles 124, gaps among the barium salt particles 121 are further reduced, and the problem that incident light cannot be reused due to irradiation to the surface of the grid line 110 is avoided.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the first particle size range may be 0.2 μm to 1 μm and the second particle size range may be 0.02 μm to 0.03 μm; in other embodiments, the first particle size range may be 1 μm to 2 μm and the second particle size range may be 0.02 μm to 0.04 μm; in still other embodiments, the first particle size range may also be 2 μm to 3 μm and the second particle size range may also be 0.02 μm to 0.05 μm.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 is 1:1 to 1.5:1. By adjusting the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 to be in this interval, the number of the first barium salt particles 123 to the number of the second barium salt particles 124 are adjusted based on the particle size ranges of the first barium salt particles and the second barium salt particles, so that the second barium salt particles 124 can fill the gaps between the adjacent first barium salt particles 123, and a denser state can be formed between the barium salt particles 121 in the reflective layer 120. In this way, when the incident light is incident, more light irradiates the surface of the barium salt particles 121, and is reflected by the barium salt particles 121, so that the reflected incident light is secondarily reflected to the substrate of the solar cell through the surface of the encapsulation cover plate 130 in the encapsulation material of the solar cell, and is reused, so that the photoelectric conversion efficiency is further improved, and the assembly power of the solar cell can be improved.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 may be 1:1 to 1.1:1; in other embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 may also be 1.1:1 to 1.3:1; in still other embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 may also be 1.3:1 to 1.5:1.
In some embodiments, the barium salt particles 121 may include any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
In the solar cell provided in the above embodiment, the reflective layer 120 covers at least a portion of the surface of the grid line 110, and reflects the incident light incident on the surface of the grid line 110 for the second time. The reflective layer 120 includes a matrix 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the matrix 122, and the barium salt particles 121 themselves have a higher whiteness and a higher reflectivity, so that incident light irradiated to the surface of the barium salt particles 121 is more reflected. The surface of the reflecting layer 120 far away from the substrate is provided with a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical, and the spherical barium salt particles 121 have larger specific surface area, so that the surface of the spherical crown-shaped reflecting layer 120 corresponding to the barium salt particles 121 has larger specific surface area and better spherical reflecting effect. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflective layer 120 to the incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles 121, so that the secondary utilization of the incident light after the solar cell is packaged is improved, and the power of the assembly is improved.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises the solar cell provided by the embodiment; the solar cell comprises a first cover plate and a second cover plate, wherein the solar cell is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate; and the packaging structure is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and is used for packaging the solar cell.
The solar cells are electrically connected in the form of a whole or multiple pieces (for example, 1/2 equal pieces, 1/3 equal pieces, 1/4 equal pieces, etc.) to form a plurality of cell strings, and the plurality of cell strings are electrically connected in series and/or parallel.
In some embodiments, the first cover plate is located on the front side of the solar cell substrate and the second cover plate is located on the back side of the solar cell substrate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the surface of the first cover plate facing the front surface of the substrate may be a concave-convex surface, so that the incident light reflected from the reflective layer 120 to the surface of the first cover plate is diffusely reflected on the concave-convex surface of the first cover plate, so that the incident light is reflected to the front surface of the solar substrate for more secondary reflection and is re-absorbed and utilized, thereby making the optical gain of the photovoltaic module larger and improving the module power. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a double-sided cell, and the surface of the second cover plate facing the back surface of the substrate may also be a concave-convex surface, so that when the incident light is reflected from the back surface of the solar substrate to the surface of the second cover plate, diffuse reflection may also occur, so that the optical gain of the photovoltaic module is further increased, and the module power is further improved.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the first cover plate and the second cover plate may be glass, and hemispherical depressions are uniformly distributed on a surface of the first cover plate facing the front surface of the substrate.
The packaging structure covers the surface of the first cover plate, which is close to the solar cell substrate, and the surface of the second cover plate, which is close to the solar cell substrate. In some embodiments, the encapsulation structure may be an organic material such as EVA, POE, or PET. The color of the packaging result covering the surface of the second cover plate can be white, because in the photovoltaic module, a gap is reserved between adjacent solar cells, when incident light passes through the first cover plate and the packaging structure positioned on the surface of the first cover plate to reach the surface of the packaging structure on the surface of the second cover plate, compared with other colors, the white packaging structure can increase the reflectivity of the incident light, so that the incident light irradiated to the surface of the white packaging structure is reflected to the surface of the first cover plate, and then the first cover plate secondarily reflects the incident light to the surface of the solar cell, thereby improving the utilization rate of the solar cell to the incident light and increasing the power of the module.
It is understood that in other embodiments, the encapsulation structure may also be the reflective layer 120. This is because the reflective layer 120 itself has adhesiveness and can be used as an encapsulation structure, so that the first cover plate and the second cover plate are bonded to the solar cell, respectively, to form a photovoltaic module.
In the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the application, the surface of the grid line 110 of the solar cell is provided with the reflecting layer 120, the reflecting layer 120 comprises the matrix 122 and the barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the matrix 122, the surface of the reflecting layer 120 far away from the matrix is provided with the spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical. The reflectivity of the reflecting layer 120 to the incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles 121, so that the secondary utilization of the incident light after the solar cell is packaged is improved. Meanwhile, the surface of the first cover plate facing the substrate in the photovoltaic module is a concave-convex surface, so that the surface of the first cover plate can reflect more incident light reflected from the surface of the grid line 110, the secondary utilization rate of the incident light is further improved, and the module power is increased.
Accordingly, another embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell, which may form the solar cell provided in the previous application embodiment, and the method for manufacturing a semiconductor structure provided in another embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 7 to 8 are schematic structural diagrams corresponding to each step in a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 7, a substrate 100 is provided.
The substrate 100 is configured to receive incident light and generate photo-generated carriers, and has opposite front and back surfaces. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a bifacial cell, i.e., both the front and back sides of the substrate 100 are configured to receive solar rays; in other embodiments, the solar cell may be a single-sided cell, where the front side of the solar cell is a light receiving surface and the back side is a backlight surface. In some embodiments, the incident light may be solar light.
In some embodiments, the substrate 100 may be a silicon substrate, and the material of the silicon substrate may include monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and microcrystalline silicon; in other embodiments, the material of the substrate 100 may also be elemental carbon, organic materials, and multi-compounds including gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenium, and the like.
The front side of the substrate 100 has an emitter 101 forming a PN junction with the substrate 100. In some embodiments, the solar cell may be a PERC cell, the substrate 100 is a P-type substrate, i.e. the substrate 100 is doped with P-type ions, the emitter 101 is an N-type doped layer, and is doped with N-type ions; in other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a TOPCON cell, the substrate 100 is an N-type substrate, the substrate 100 is doped with N-type ions, the emitter 101 is a P-type doped layer, and the P-type ions are doped. Specifically, in some embodiments, the P-type ion may be any of boron, gallium, or indium, and the N-type ion may be any of phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.
Referring to fig. 8, a gate line 110 is formed on a surface of a substrate.
The specific process method for forming the gate line 110 on the surface of the substrate comprises the following steps: the metallization paste is printed on the surface of the substrate using a screen printing process and sintered to form the gate lines 110. In some embodiments, before the metallized paste is printed on the surface of the substrate, the oxide is added to the metallized paste to modify the metallized paste, thereby modifying the grid lines 110 formed on the surface of the substrate, so that the difference in polarity between the surface of the modified grid lines 110 and the surface of the barium salt particles 121 is reduced compared with the case that the grid lines 110 are not modified, so that agglomeration phenomenon, that is, dispersion is more uniform, is less likely to occur when the barium salt is bonded to the surface of the grid lines 110. Specifically, in some embodiments, the oxide may be zinc oxide or silicon oxide.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 is formed to include a main gate line 111 extending in a first direction and a sub gate line 112 extending in a second direction. Specifically, in some embodiments, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be 90 °. The width of the main gate line 111 may be 50 μm to 100 μm and the thickness may be 5 μm to 8 μm; the width of the auxiliary gate line 112 may be 20 μm to 40 μm and the thickness may be 13 μm to 16 μm.
Referring to fig. 1, a reflective layer 120 is formed on a surface of a grid line 110, the reflective layer 120 is formed to cover at least a portion of the surface of the grid line 110, the reflective layer 120 includes a matrix 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the matrix 122, the matrix 122 coats at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, a spherical crown surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121 is provided on the surface of the reflective layer 120 remote from the substrate, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical crown surface is spherical.
The substrate 122 coats at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121 to bond the barium salt particles 121 and to better bond the barium salt particles 121 to the surface of the grid line 110. Meanwhile, the barium salt particles 121 have a spherical surface, so that the surface of the reflective layer 120 away from the substrate has a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the barium salt particles 121, and thus, the specific surface area of the surface of the reflective layer 120 is large, so that incident light irradiated to the surface of the reflective layer 120 is more reflected.
Specifically, in some embodiments, prior to forming the substrate 122, the substrate 122 is an initially cured material, and the process steps of forming the reflective layer 120 include:
first, the barium salt particles 121 and the initial cured material are mixed using a blending process to form a reflective coating. In some embodiments, the barium salt particles 121 may include any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof; the initial cure material may be at least one of a metal carbonyl, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, or a resin.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the barium salt particles 121 may be prepared by an ultra-fine particle type preparation method, a complexation method, or a high-speed centrifugation method, and the formed barium salt particles 121 have good dispersibility, and the particle size of the barium salt particles 121 has good singleness. For example, the barium sulfate can be prepared by adopting an ultrafine particle preparation method, and the specific process method is as follows: continuously introducing barium sulfide and sulfuric acid solution into a reaction tank, keeping the concentration ratio of the barium sulfide solution to the sulfuric acid solution to be 1.1:1-1.2:1, and stirring the mixed solution for less than or equal to 10min, for example, 10min.
Then, coating a reflective coating on the surface of the gate line 110 to form an initial reflective layer 120; in some embodiments, a screen printing process may be used to apply a reflective coating to the surface of the gate line 110 to form the initial reflective layer 120. Specifically, in some embodiments, a first initial reflective layer 120 may be formed on the surface of the main gate line 111, and a second initial reflective layer 120 may be formed on the surface of the auxiliary gate line 112. The process method for forming the initial reflective layer 120 on the surface of the gate line 110 by using the screen printing process includes: the screen mesh number of screen printing used for forming the first initial reflection layer 120 is 480 to 520, the opening thickness of the screen is 0.2 μm to 5 μm, and the opening width of the screen is: 51-103 mu m, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s; the screen printing used for forming the second initial reflective layer 120 has a screen mesh of 480 to 520, an opening thickness of 0.2 μm to 5 μm, and an opening width of the screen: 21 μm to 43 μm, and the printing speed is 350 to 700mm/s.
It is noted that the width of the screen used for screen printing is greater than the width of the grid lines 110, and thus, when the screen is used to align the grid lines 110 to print the reflective coating, a gap exists between the screen openings and the grid lines 110. When the reflective coating is printed, the reflective coating can be applied to the side surfaces of the grid lines 110 through the gaps, so that the reflective layer 120 can be formed on both the side surfaces and the top surface of the grid lines 110, and the reflective area of the grid lines 110 is large.
In addition, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 on the surface of the grid line 110 can be different by adjusting the thickness of the openings of the screen to adjust the thickness of the reflective coating. Specifically, in some embodiments, the screen may have an opening thickness of 0.2 μm to 1.5 μm and the reflective layer 120 may be formed to have a thickness of 0.2 μm to 1 μm; in other embodiments, the screen may have an opening thickness of 1.5 μm to 3 μm and the reflective layer 120 may be formed to have a thickness of 1 μm to 2 μm; in still other embodiments, the screen may have an opening thickness of 3 μm to 5 μm and the reflective layer 120 may be formed to have a thickness of 2 μm to 3 μm.
In other embodiments, the initial reflective layer 120 may also be formed by applying a reflective coating to the surface of the gate line 110 using a 3D printing process. Specifically, the process method adopting the 3D printing process comprises the following steps: adding a reflective coating into a spray head, spraying the reflective coating onto the surface of the grid line 110 by using the spray head, wherein the viscosity of the reflective coating is 8000 Pa.s-10000 Pa.s, the diameter of the spray head is 20-30 mu m, and the pressure of the spray head is 2.026 multiplied by 10 5 Pa～5.065×10 5 Pa. It is understood that when the primary cured material is a resin, a suitable amount of diluent may be added to the reflective coating to provide a viscosity of the reflective coating of from 8000pa.s to 10000pa.s, due to the relatively high viscosity of the resin.
In still other embodiments, the initial reflective layer 120 may also be formed by applying a reflective coating to the surface of the gate line 110 using an electrostatic adsorption process. The process method adopting the electrostatic adsorption process comprises the following steps: adding the reflective coating into the electrostatic spraying equipment, and spraying the reflective coating onto the surface of the grid line 110 structure by using the electrostatic spraying equipment, wherein the voltage of the electrostatic spraying equipment is 6-36V.
Finally, the initial reflective layer 120 is cured to form the reflective layer 120. In some embodiments, the initial reflective layer 120 may be cured using a photo-thermal annealing process, the process recipe of which includes: the initial reflective layer 120 is irradiated with infrared light having a wavelength of 300nm to 450nm and an infrared light power density of 1kw/m, and the initial reflective layer 120 is heated 2 ～10kw/m 2 The heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the curing time is 1-120 s.
It is understood that in other embodiments, when the initial curing material is a thermosetting material, the initial reflective layer 120 may also be cured using a thermal curing process to form the reflective layer 120.
In the method for manufacturing a solar cell provided in the above embodiment, the reflective layer 120 is formed on the surface of the grid line 110, the reflective layer 120 is formed to cover at least part of the surface of the grid line 110, the reflective layer 120 includes a substrate 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the substrate 122, the substrate 122 covers at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, the surface of the reflective layer 120 far from the substrate has a spherical cap surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical cap surface is spherical. Because the barium salt particles 121 have higher whiteness and better reflection effect, and the barium salt particles 121 have a spherical structure, the spherical reflection effect can be utilized to cooperate with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles 121, so that the reflectivity of the reflecting layer 120 to incident light is effectively improved, the secondary utilization of the incident light after the solar cell is packaged is improved, and the power of the assembly is increased.
Comparative example
Comparative example a solar cell is provided, the specific structure of which is shown in fig. 9, comprising: a substrate 200 and a gate line 210 on the surface of the substrate; the gate line 210 is a metalized gate line.
Referring to the solar cell structure of the embodiment of the present application shown in fig. 1, the comparative example is different from the embodiment of the present application in that the comparative example does not provide a reflective layer on the surface of the grid line, the embodiment of the present application is to provide a reflective layer 120 having spherical barium salt particles 121 on the surface of the grid line 110, and the surface of the reflective layer 120 located away from the substrate 100 has a spherical cap surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121. The comparative experiments show that the parameter pairs of the examples and the comparative examples are shown in the table one:
List one
As can be seen from table one, the packaged components of the solar cells in the embodiments of the present application are more powerful than the comparative examples. Wherein the power of the solar cell assembly is 1% higher than that of the comparative example. This is because, in the comparative example, the surface of the gate line 210 is not provided with a reflective layer, and the reflective effect of the metallized gate line is poor, depending only on the reflective effect of the gate line 210 itself. In contrast, in the embodiment of the present application, the reflective layer 120 is disposed on the surface of the grid line 110, the barium salt particles 121 in the reflective layer 120 have higher whiteness and better reflection effect, and the barium salt particles 121 have a spherical structure. Therefore, the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles 121 can be utilized in cooperation with the spherical reflection effect, so that the reflectivity of the reflecting layer 120 to the incident light can be effectively improved, the secondary utilization of the solar cell after packaging the incident light can be improved, and the power of the assembly can be increased. It should be noted that the values of the height and width of the gate line 110 in the embodiment of the present application are higher than those of the comparative example, because the top surface and the side surface of the gate line 110 in the embodiment of the present application are covered with the reflective layer 120, and thus the height and the width of the gate line 110 are relatively larger.
While the application has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and any person skilled in the art can make many variations and modifications without departing from the spirit of the application, so that the scope of the application shall be defined by the claims.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples of carrying out the application and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and the scope of the application is therefore intended to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (15)
1. A solar cell, comprising:
a substrate and a grid line positioned on the surface of the substrate;
the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, the matrix coats at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the matrix is provided with a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the material of the substrate comprises at least one of a metal carbonyl, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, and a resin.
3. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the grid line comprises a side surface and a top surface connected to the side surface, the reflective layer covering the side surface and the top surface of the grid line.
4. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the barium salt particles to the matrix is 1.5:1 to 5.6:1.
5. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the barium salt particles comprise first barium salt particles and second barium salt particles, the first barium salt particles having a first particle size range, the second barium salt particles having a second particle size range, and the first particle size range being greater than the second particle size range.
6. The solar cell of claim 5, wherein the first particle size range is 0.2-3 μm and the second particle size range is 0.02-0.05 μm.
7. The solar cell of claim 5, wherein a mass ratio of the first barium salt particles to the second barium salt particles is from 1:1 to 1.5:1.
8. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the barium salt particles comprise any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
9. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the reflective layer is 0.2 μm to 3 μm.
10. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
the solar cell of any one of claims 1-9;
the solar cell comprises a first cover plate and a second cover plate, wherein the solar cell is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate;
and the packaging structure is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and is used for packaging the solar cell.
11. A method of manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:
providing a substrate;
forming a grid line on the surface of the substrate;
and forming a reflecting layer on the surface of the grid line, wherein the formed reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, the matrix coats at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the substrate is provided with a spherical crown surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown surface is spherical.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the substrate is an initial cured material prior to forming the substrate, and wherein the process step of forming the reflective layer comprises:
mixing the barium salt particles and the initial curing material by adopting a blending process to form a reflective coating;
coating the reflective coating on the surface of the grid line to form an initial reflective layer;
and solidifying the initial reflecting layer to form a reflecting layer.
13. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 12, wherein the reflective coating is coated on the surface of the grid line by using a screen printing process, the grid line comprises a main grid line extending along a first direction and an auxiliary grid line extending along a second direction, the first direction is different from the second direction, and the process for forming the initial reflective layer on the surface of the grid line by using the screen printing process comprises:
the method for forming the first initial reflecting layer on the surface of the main grid line comprises the following steps: the screen mesh number of the screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen is 0.2-5 mu m, and the opening width of the screen is: 51-103 mu m, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s;
Forming a second initial reflecting layer on the surface of the auxiliary grid line, wherein the process method for forming the second initial reflecting layer comprises the following steps: the screen mesh number of the screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen is 0.2-5 mu m, and the opening width of the screen is: 21 μm to 43 μm, and the printing speed is 350 to 700mm/s.
14. The method of manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 12, wherein the reflective coating is applied to the surface of the grid line by a 3D printing processThe process method adopting the 3D printing process comprises the following steps: adding the reflective coating into a spray head, spraying the reflective coating onto the surface of the grid line by using the spray head, wherein the viscosity of the reflective coating is 8000 Pa.s-10000 Pa.s, the diameter of the spray head is 20-30 mu m, and the pressure of the spray head is 2.026 multiplied by 10 5 Pa～5.065×10 5 Pa。
15. The method of claim 12, wherein the initial reflective layer is cured by a photo-thermal annealing process, and wherein the photo-thermal annealing process comprises: irradiating the initial reflecting layer with infrared light with the wavelength of 300-450 nm and the power density of 1kw/m 2 ～10kw/m 2 The heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the curing time is 1-120 s.
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