CN113948599A - Solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module - Google Patents
Solar cell, preparation method thereof and photovoltaic module Download PDFInfo
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- CN113948599A CN113948599A CN202110998257.0A CN202110998257A CN113948599A CN 113948599 A CN113948599 A CN 113948599A CN 202110998257 A CN202110998257 A CN 202110998257A CN 113948599 A CN113948599 A CN 113948599A
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- barium salt
- salt particles
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- grid line
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium carbonate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic atom Chemical compound [As] RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium sulfide Chemical compound [S-2].[Ba+2] CJDPJFRMHVXWPT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021424 microcrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NVYSZBBUNUUCSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCC.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C Chemical compound CCCC.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C NVYSZBBUNUUCSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- QFEOTYVTTQCYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimanganese decacarbonyl Chemical group [Mn].[Mn].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-].[O+]#[C-] QFEOTYVTTQCYAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003986 novolac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/054—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
- H01L31/0547—Optical elements directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means comprising light concentrating means of the reflecting type, e.g. parabolic mirrors, concentrators using total internal reflection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, wherein the solar cell comprises: the grid line is positioned on the surface of the substrate; the reflection layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflection layer comprises a base body and barium salt particles dispersed in the base body, at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles is coated by the base body, a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles is arranged on the surface of the reflection layer far away from the substrate, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical. The embodiment of the application is beneficial to improving the power of the solar cell packaged assembly.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the application relates to the field of solar cells, in particular to a solar cell, a preparation method of the solar cell and a photovoltaic module.
Background
The solar cell can generate electricity by utilizing sunlight, and in order to increase the current collection capacity of the solar cell, the metal grid lines are arranged on the surface of the substrate of the solar cell. In order to avoid the problem that more incident light rays irradiate the surface of the metal grid line and cannot be absorbed and utilized by the solar cell, the width of the metal grid line is usually made as narrow as possible. Generally, the area of the metal grid lines accounts for less than 4% of the total area of the battery, so that incident light is absorbed and utilized by the substrate more.
However, although the width of the metal grid line is narrow, the solar cell still has a low sunlight utilization rate, so that the power of the solar cell packaged module is low, which is not beneficial to improving the photoelectric conversion rate of the solar cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a solar cell, a preparation method thereof and a photovoltaic module, which are at least beneficial to improving the module power after the solar cell is packaged.
An embodiment of the present application provides a solar cell, including: the grid line is positioned on the surface of the substrate; the reflection layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflection layer comprises a base body and barium salt particles dispersed in the base body, at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles is coated by the base body, a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles is arranged on the surface of the reflection layer far away from the substrate, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical.
In addition, the material of the matrix includes at least one of a metal carbonyl compound, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, and a resin.
In addition, the grid line includes the side and the top surface of being connected with the side, and the side and the top surface of grid line are covered to the reflecting layer.
In addition, the mass ratio of the barium salt particles to the matrix is 1.5: 1-5.6: 1.
In addition, the barium salt particles include first barium salt particles and second barium salt particles, the first barium salt particles have a first particle size range, the second barium salt particles have a second particle size range, and the first particle size range is larger than the second particle size range.
The first particle size range is 0.2 to 3 μm, and the second particle size range is 0.02 to 0.05 μm.
The mass ratio of the first barium salt particles to the second barium salt particles is 1:1 to 1.5: 1.
In addition, the barium salt particles include any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
The thickness of the reflective layer is 0.2 to 3 μm.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a photovoltaic module, which comprises the solar cell of any one of the above parts; the solar cell module comprises a first cover plate and a second cover plate, wherein a solar cell is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate; and the packaging structure is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and is used for packaging the solar cell.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a preparation method of the solar cell, which comprises the following steps: providing a substrate; forming a grid line on the surface of a substrate; the method comprises the steps of forming a reflecting layer on the surface of a grid line, wherein the formed reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a base body and barium salt particles dispersed in the base body, at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles is coated by the base body, the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the base body is provided with spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surfaces is spherical.
In addition, before the substrate is formed, the substrate is an initial solidified material, and the process for forming the reflecting layer comprises the following steps: mixing barium salt particles and an initial curing material by adopting a blending process to form a reflective coating; coating a reflective coating on the surface of the grid line to form an initial reflective layer; and curing the initial reflecting layer to form the reflecting layer.
In addition, a screen printing process is adopted to coat a reflective coating on the surface of the grid line, the grid line comprises a main grid line extending along a first direction and an auxiliary grid line extending along a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction; the process method for forming the initial reflecting layer on the surface of the grid line by adopting the screen printing process comprises the following steps: forming a first initial reflecting layer on the surface of the main grid line, wherein the process method for forming the first initial reflecting layer comprises the following steps: the mesh number of the screen printing plate for screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen printing plate is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen printing plate is as follows: 51-103 mu m, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s; forming a second initial reflecting layer on the surface of the secondary grid line, wherein the process method for forming the second initial reflecting layer comprises the following steps: the mesh number of the screen printing plate for screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen printing plate is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen printing plate is as follows: 21-43 μm, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s.
In addition, a 3D printing process is adopted to coat the reflective coating on the surface of the grid line, and the process method adopting the 3D printing process comprises the following steps: adding a reflective coating into a spray head, and spraying the reflective coating to the surface of the grid line by using the spray head, wherein the viscosity of the reflective coating is 8000 Pa.s-10000 Pa.s, the diameter of the spray head is 20 mu m-30 mu m, and the pressure of the spray head is 2.026 multiplied by 105Pa～5.065×105Pa。
In addition, the initial reflecting layer is solidified by adopting a photo-thermal annealing process, and the process method adopting the photo-thermal annealing process comprises the following steps: irradiating the initial reflecting layer by using infrared light, and heating the initial reflecting layer, wherein the wavelength of the infrared light is 300-450 nm, and the power density of the infrared light is 1kw/m2～10kw/m2The heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the curing time is 1-120 s.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has at least the following advantages:
in the technical solution of the solar cell provided in the embodiment of the present application, the solar cell includes: the grid line is positioned on the surface of the substrate; and the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line and reflects incident light rays incident to the surface of the grid line for the second time. The reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, and the barium salt particles have high reflectivity, so that incident light irradiated to the surfaces of the barium salt particles is reflected more. At least part of the surface of the barium salt particles is coated by the substrate, spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles are arranged on the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the substrate, the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surfaces are spherical, and the spherical barium salt particles have larger specific surface area, so that the spherical crown-shaped reflecting layer corresponding to the barium salt particles has larger specific surface area and better spherical reflection effect. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflecting layer to incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of barium salt particles, so that the secondary utilization of the solar cell to the incident light after packaging is improved, and the power of the component is improved.
In addition, the barium salt granule includes first barium salt granule and second barium salt granule, first barium salt granule has first particle size scope, second barium salt granule has second particle size scope, and first particle size scope is greater than second particle size scope, so, make the barium salt granule that has less particle size scope can fill the space between the great barium salt granule of particle size scope, make the porosity of reflector layer less, consequently can prevent that incident light from incidenting to the grid line surface through the space between the reflector layer, further improve the utilization ratio to light.
Drawings
One or more embodiments are illustrated by corresponding figures in the drawings, which are not to be construed as limiting the embodiments, unless expressly stated otherwise, and the drawings are not to scale.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 2 is a schematic front view of another cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a reflection principle of a reflective layer of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 6 is a schematic partial structural appearance of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 7 to 8 are schematic structural diagrams corresponding to steps in a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a solar cell in a comparative example according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The background art shows that the power of the solar cell module is not high after the solar cell is packaged.
Analysis finds that one reason for low power of the solar cell packaged module is that the glass in the packaging material can perform secondary reflection on incident light reflected by the solar cell substrate and the surface of the metal grid line, so that a part of the incident light is incident to the substrate surface again and is absorbed and utilized again. However, since the reflectivity of the surface of the metal grid line to the incident light is low, the incident light reflected from the surface of the metal grid line to the surface of the glass in the packaging material is less, and therefore, the incident light secondarily reflected from the surface of the glass to the substrate of the solar cell is less, that is, the secondary utilization rate of the incident light is low, and the power of the solar cell packaged module is low.
The embodiment of the application provides a solar cell, which comprises a reflecting layer, wherein the reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of a grid line and carries out secondary reflection on incident light rays incident to the surface of the grid line. The reflecting layer comprises a matrix and barium salt particles dispersed in the matrix, and the barium salt particles have high reflectivity, so that incident light irradiated to the surfaces of the barium salt particles is reflected more. The surface of the reflecting layer far away from the substrate is provided with spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles, and the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surfaces are spherical. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflecting layer to incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles, so that the secondary utilization of the incident light after the solar cell is packaged is improved, and the component power of the solar cell is further improved.
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that in the examples of the present application, numerous technical details are set forth in order to provide a better understanding of the present application. However, the technical solution claimed in the present application can be implemented without these technical details and various changes and modifications based on the following embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 1, the solar cell includes: a substrate 100 and a gate line 110 on a surface of the substrate; the reflective layer 120 covers at least a portion of the surface of the gate line 110, the reflective layer 120 includes a substrate 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the substrate 122, the substrate 122 covers at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, the surface of the reflective layer 120 away from the substrate 100 has spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surfaces is spherical.
The substrate 100 is for receiving incident light and generating photo-generated carriers and has opposite front and back surfaces. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a bifacial cell, i.e., both the front and back sides of the substrate 100 are used to receive solar rays; in other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a single-sided cell, and the front surface of the solar cell is a light receiving surface and the back surface of the solar cell is a backlight surface. In some embodiments, the incident light rays may be solar rays.
In some embodiments, the substrate 100 may be a silicon substrate, and the material of the silicon substrate may include single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and microcrystalline silicon; in other embodiments, the material of the substrate 100 may also be elemental carbon, an organic material, and a multi-component compound, including gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, and the like.
The front surface of the substrate 100 has an emitter (not shown) that forms a PN junction with the substrate 100. In some embodiments, the solar Cell may be a PERC (Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell) Cell, the base 100 is a P-type substrate, that is, the base 100 is doped with P-type ions, and the Emitter is an N-type doped layer doped with N-type ions; in other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a TOPCON (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) cell, the substrate 100 is an N-type substrate, the substrate 100 is doped with N-type ions, and the emitter is a P-type doped layer doped with P-type ions. Specifically, in some embodiments, the P-type ions may be any of boron, gallium, or indium, and the N-type ions may be any of phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.
In some embodiments, the base 100 refers to a semiconductor substrate (P-type or N-type substrate) after passivation. It is understood that the substrate 100 further includes a passivation layer overlying the surface (front or back) of the semiconductor substrate, which may include, but is not limited to, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon oxycarbonitride, and the like.
The grid line 110 is used for collecting photo-generated carriers generated by the solar cell and guiding out current generated by the solar cell. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a double-sided cell, and in this case, the gate line 110 may be located on the front and back sides of the substrate 100; in other embodiments, the solar cell is a double-sided cell, and the grid lines 110 may be only located on the front side of the substrate 100; in still other embodiments, the solar cell is a double-sided cell, and the grid lines 110 may be only located on the back surface of the substrate 100; in still other embodiments, the solar cell is a single-sided cell, and the grid lines 110 may be only located on the front side of the substrate 100.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the grid line 110 may be a metal grid line electrode, and the electrode material may be any one of silver, copper, nickel, or aluminum, and a mixture thereof.
The substrate 122 coats at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, and is used for bonding the barium salt particles 121 and better combining the barium salt particles 121 with the surface of the grid lines 110. The reason is that the barium salt particles 121 have high surface activity, and agglomeration or agglomeration is easily generated between adjacent particles, which affects the practical application of the barium salt particles 121, so that the barium salt particles 121 can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix 122 by using the matrix 122 to combine with the barium salt particles 121, and then the matrix 122 is well combined with the surface of the gate line 110, thereby increasing the reflectivity of the surface of the gate line 110.
In some embodiments, matrix 122 coats a portion of the surface of barium salt particles 121. This is because, in the actual process, in the step of photo-thermally curing the material of matrix 122 coated on the surface of barium salt particle 121 to form matrix 122, a portion of matrix 122 coated on the surface of barium salt particle 121 is evaporated, so that a portion of the surface of barium salt particle 121 is directly exposed to the air. At this time, the matrix 122 in which the surface portion of the barium salt particles 121 is not evaporated can still serve as a binding effect to the barium salt particles 121.
Referring to fig. 2, in other embodiments, substrate 122 may also coat the entire surface of barium salt particles 121.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the material of the matrix 122 may be at least one of a metal carbonyl compound, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, or a resin. The metal carbonyl compound, the metal oxide, the cationic photoinitiator and the resin are photosensitive materials, so that after the barium salt particles 121 and the photosensitive materials are blended, the barium salt particles 121 and the surfaces of the grid lines 110 can be combined in a photo-thermal curing mode, and the preparation process is simple. Specifically, the metal carbonyl compound, the metal oxide, and the cationic photoinitiator form a coating film on the surface of the barium salt particles 121 through a physical action or van der waals force, so that, on one hand, agglomeration phenomenon does not occur between the barium salt particles 121, and on the other hand, the barium salt particles 121 are adsorbed on the surface of the grid line 110 through an adsorption action, so that the barium salt particles 121 are combined with the surface of the grid line 110. The resin may be a photosensitive resin having a certain viscosity, and the resin is blended with the barium salt particles 121 so that the barium salt particles 121 are uniformly dispersed in the resin, and when the resin is cured by using a photo-thermal curing method, a portion of the resin located between the voids of the barium salt particles 121 is evaporated with an increase in temperature, and thus, a surface of the reflective layer 120 away from the substrate may be formed to have a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the barium salt particles 121. It is understood that in other embodiments, the material of the substrate 122 may be a thermosetting material, and it is only necessary that the surface of the reflective layer 120 away from the substrate has a spherical crown surface corresponding to the barium salt particles 121 after curing.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the metal carbonyl compound may be a manganese carbonyl; the metal oxide may be zinc oxide; the resin can be a methyl novolac epoxy acrylic resin or methyl propane triacrylate.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 is 1.5:1 to 5.6: 1. By adjusting the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 in this interval, on one hand, the barium salt particles 121 account for more, and the area of reflecting incident light in reflecting layer 120 is larger, so that more incident light is reflected; on the other hand, in the ratio interval, the thickness of the barium salt particles 121 coated by the matrix 122 is moderate, the reflection effect of the surfaces of the barium salt particles 121 is not affected, and the barium salt particles 121 can be well combined with the surfaces of the grid lines 110.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may be 1.5:1 to 2: 1; in other embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may also be 2:1 to 3: 1; in still other embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may also be 3:1 to 4.5: 1; in still other embodiments, the mass ratio of barium salt particles 121 to matrix 122 may also be 4.5:1 to 5.6: 1.
The reflective layer 120 is arranged on the surface of the gate line 110, so that the reflectivity of the surface of the gate line 110 can be increased, when the solar cell is packaged, incident light rays incident on the surface of the gate line 110 are reflected to the glass surface of a packaging material, are secondarily reflected to the substrate of the solar cell through glass, and are absorbed and utilized again, so that the utilization rate of the incident light rays is increased, and the power of the assembly is improved. Specifically, barium salt particles 121 are disposed in the reflective layer 120, so that the reflective layer 120 has a high light reflectance. This is because, on the one hand, the barium salt particles 121 have a higher whiteness and a higher light reflectance, and can reflect more incident light; on the other hand, since the barium salt is spherical particles, the surface of the reflective layer 120 is also spherical crown-shaped at the positions corresponding to the barium salt particles 121, and thus the surface of the reflective layer 120 has a large specific surface area. Compared with the case that the surface of the reflective layer 120 is a plane, the reflective layer 120 has a spherical crown surface, so that the reflective area for reflecting incident light is increased, and thus more incident light can be reflected, and the reflectivity of the surface of the gate line 110 is increased to more than 90%. Therefore, after the solar cell is packaged, the secondary utilization rate of the reflected light can be improved, and the component power of the solar cell is increased.
Note that the module power referred to herein means the generated power of the solar cell module.
Specifically, with respect to the reflection principle of the reflective layer 120 on the surface of the gate line 110, reference may be made to fig. 3, where fig. 3 is a reflection principle diagram of the reflective layer 120.
Referring to fig. 3, since the reflective layer 120 has the barium salt particles 121 and the barium salt particles 121 have a high reflectivity, most of the incident light irradiated to the surface of the gate line 110 is reflected to the surface of the package cover plate 130. At this time, a part of the incident light reflected to the surface of the package cover 130 is reflected to the substrate of the solar cell not covered by the gate line 110 for a second time, so as to be absorbed and reused. Meanwhile, since the barium salt particles 121 have spherical surfaces, the surface of the reflective layer 120 has a plurality of spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the spherical barium salt particles 121. Compared with the case that the surface of the reflective layer 120 is a plane, the surface of the reflective layer 120 is a spherical cap surface, which has a larger specific surface area, so that the area for reflecting the incident light is increased, and the secondary light irradiated to the surface of the gate line 110 can be reflected more. In addition, the surface of the reflective layer 120 has a plurality of spherical crown-shaped surfaces, and when incident light irradiates one of the spherical crown-shaped surfaces, the incident light can be reflected to the adjacent spherical crown-shaped surface and then reflected to the surface of the package cover plate 130 through the adjacent spherical crown-shaped surface, so that the incident light can be reflected to the surface of the package cover plate 130 through a plurality of different paths, and the reflectivity of the surface of the gate line 110 is further improved.
Fig. 4 is a schematic top view of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 may include a main gate line 111 and a sub gate line 112, and the reflective layer 120 covers at least a portion of a surface of the main gate line 111 and at least a portion of a surface of the sub gate line 112. The main gate line 111 is used to collect current conducted in the auxiliary gate line 112, and the auxiliary gate line 112 is used to collect photo-generated carriers and connect the auxiliary gate lines 112 in series. That is, the reflective layer 120 is simultaneously located on the surface of the main gate line 111 and the surface of the sub-gate line 112, so that both the incident light incident on the surface of the main gate line 111 and the incident light incident on the surface of the sub-gate line 112 can be more reflected by the reflective layer 120. Compared with the reflective layer 120 only located on the surface of the main gate line 111 or only located on the surface of the auxiliary gate line 112, the reflective layer 120 both located on the surface of the main gate line 111 and the surface of the auxiliary gate line 112 can reflect more incident light rays irradiated onto the surface of the gate line 110, so that the secondary utilization rate of the incident light rays is further improved, and the power generation power is improved. It is understood that in other embodiments, the gate line 110 may be only the main gate line 111; in still other embodiments, the gate line 110 may also be only the minor gate line 112.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the width of the bus bar 111 may be 50 μm to 100 μm, and the thickness may be 5 μm to 8 μm; the width of the finger line 112 may be 20 to 40 μm and the thickness may be 13 to 16 μm.
Fig. 5 is a schematic side view of a cross-sectional structure of a solar cell according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 includes a side surface and a top surface connected to the side surface, and the reflective layer 120 may cover the side surface and the top surface of the gate line 110. Thus, compared with the reflection layer 120 only located on the top surface or only located on the side surface, the reflection layer 120 covers the side surface and the top surface of the gate line 110 so as to further increase the reflection area of the incident light, and further reflect more incident light, thereby improving the reflectivity of the surface of the gate line 110. It is understood that in other embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may be only on the top surface of the gate line 110. In still other embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may be only located at the side of the gate line 110.
With continued reference to FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may have a thickness of 0.2 μm to 3 μm. Within this thickness range, the reflective layer 120 has a good reflective effect. On one hand, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 is not too small, so that the spherical crown-shaped surface of the reflective layer 120 has a larger degree of protrusion, thereby having a larger specific surface area and a higher reflectivity to incident light. On the other hand, in this thickness range, the problem of an excessively large thickness of the reflective layer 120 can be avoided, so that the volume of the solar cell after encapsulation is not excessively large, and weight reduction can be achieved.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the reflective layer 120 may have a thickness of 0.2 μm to 1 μm; in other embodiments, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 may also be 1 μm to 2 μm; in still other embodiments, the thickness of the reflective layer 120 may be 2 μm to 3 μm.
In some embodiments, barium salt particles 121 may include first barium salt particles 123 and second barium salt particles 124, first barium salt particles 123 having a first particle size range, second barium salt particles 124 having a second particle size range, and the first particle size range being greater than the second particle size range. That is, the first barium salt particles 123 have a relatively coarse particle size, and the second barium salt particles 124 have a relatively fine particle size, as compared to the second barium salt particles 124. The reason why the coarse-grain first barium salt particles 123 are blended with the fine-grain second barium salt particles 124 is that, since the coarse-grain second barium salt particles 124 have a large grain size and the barium salt particles 121 have a spherical shape, a large gap is formed between two first barium salt particles 123 that are in contact with each other, and incident light may be irradiated onto the surface of the grid line 110 through the gap and may not be reflected by the first barium salt particles 123. Therefore, the second barium salt particles 124 with a relatively fine particle size are mixed in the first barium salt particles 123, so that the second barium salt particles 124 can fill gaps among the first barium salt particles 123, and thus, the void ratio among the barium salt particles 121 in the reflective layer 120 is relatively small, and the problem that more incident light rays cannot be reflected and utilized when being irradiated to the surface of the grid line 110 through the gaps is avoided.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the first particle size range may be 0.2 μm to 3 μm, and the second particle size range may be 0.02 μm to 0.05 μm. In this range, on the one hand, the first barium salt particles 123 have a larger particle size, so that the spherical cap surfaces of the reflective layer 120 away from the substrate, which correspond to the first barium salt particles 123, have a larger specific surface area, so that the reflective area of the surface of the reflective layer 120 is larger, and thus incident light irradiated to the surface of the reflective layer 120 can be reflected more. Meanwhile, the first barium salt particles 123 having a larger particle size also make the degree of protrusion of the spherical crown-shaped surface larger, so that a larger degree of unevenness of the surface of the reflective layer 120 can be formed, and the degree of diffuse reflection of the incident light formed on the surface of the reflective layer 120 is larger, so that the incident light is further reflected. On the other hand, in this range, the particle size of the second barium salt particles 124 is small, and thus, the space between two first barium salt particles 123 that are in contact is made to be densely filled. Meanwhile, the particle size of the second barium salt particles 124 can be adjusted to be changed within the range, so that smaller gaps can be filled by the finer second barium salt particles 124, the gaps among the barium salt particles 121 are further reduced, and the problem that incident light cannot be reused due to the fact that the incident light irradiates the surface of the grid line 110 is solved.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the first particle size range may be 0.2 μm to 1 μm, and the second particle size range may be 0.02 μm to 0.03 μm; in other embodiments, the first particle size range may also be from 1 μm to 2 μm, and the second particle size range may also be from 0.02 μm to 0.04 μm; in still other embodiments, the first particle size range may also be from 2 μm to 3 μm, and the second particle size range may also be from 0.02 μm to 0.05 μm.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 is 1:1 to 1.5: 1. By adjusting the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 to be located in the interval, the number of the first barium salt particles 123 is adjusted and controlled to be matched with that of the second barium salt particles 124 based on the particle size ranges of the first barium salt particles and the second barium salt particles, so that the second barium salt particles 124 can fill gaps between the adjacent first barium salt particles 123, and thus dense states can be formed between the barium salt particles 121 in the reflective layer 120. Therefore, when incident light is incident, more incident light is irradiated to the surface of the barium salt particles 121 and is reflected by the barium salt particles 121, so that the reflected incident light passes through the surface of the packaging cover plate 130 in the packaging material of the solar cell and is secondarily reflected to the substrate of the solar cell, and the reflected incident light is reused, thereby further improving the photoelectric conversion efficiency and improving the component power of the solar cell.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 can be 1:1 to 1.1: 1; in other embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 may also be 1.1:1 to 1.3: 1; in still other embodiments, the mass ratio of the first barium salt particles 123 to the second barium salt particles 124 may be 1.3:1 to 1.5: 1.
In some embodiments, barium salt particles 121 may include any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
In the solar cell provided in the above embodiment, the reflective layer 120 covers at least a part of the surface of the gate line 110, and reflects the incident light incident on the surface of the gate line 110 for the second time. The reflective layer 120 includes a matrix 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the matrix 122, and the barium salt particles 121 themselves have high whiteness and high reflectivity, so that incident light irradiated to the surfaces of the barium salt particles 121 is reflected more. The surface of the reflective layer 120 far away from the substrate has a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the position of the barium salt particle 121, and the barium salt particle 121 corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical, so that the spherical crown-shaped reflective layer 120 corresponding to the barium salt particle 121 has a larger specific surface area and a better spherical reflection effect because the spherical barium salt particle 121 has a larger specific surface area. Therefore, the reflectivity of the reflecting layer 120 to incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles 121, so that the secondary utilization of the solar cell to the incident light after packaging is improved, and the power of the component is improved.
Correspondingly, the embodiment of the application also provides a photovoltaic module, and the photovoltaic module comprises the solar cell provided by the embodiment; the solar cell module comprises a first cover plate and a second cover plate, wherein a solar cell is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate; and the packaging structure is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and is used for packaging the solar cell.
The solar cells are electrically connected in a single piece or in a multi-piece (for example, a piece such as 1/2, a piece such as 1/3, or a multi-piece such as 1/4) to form a plurality of cell strings, and the plurality of cell strings are electrically connected in series and/or in parallel.
In some embodiments, the first cover plate is located on the front side of the solar cell substrate and the second cover plate is located on the back side of the solar cell substrate. Specifically, in some embodiments, the surface of the first cover plate facing the front surface of the substrate may be a concave-convex surface, so that incident light reflected from the reflective layer 120 to the surface of the first cover plate is diffusely reflected on the concave-convex surface of the first cover plate, so that the incident light is reflected to the front surface of the solar substrate for a plurality of times, and is re-absorbed and reused, thereby increasing the optical gain of the photovoltaic module and increasing the power of the module. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a bifacial cell, and the surface of the second cover plate facing the back surface of the substrate may also be a concave-convex surface, so that when incident light is reflected from the back surface of the solar substrate to the surface of the second cover plate, diffuse reflection may also occur, so that the optical gain of the photovoltaic module is further increased, and the power of the module is further increased.
Specifically, referring to fig. 6, in some embodiments, the first cover plate and the second cover plate may be glass, and hemispherical recesses are uniformly distributed on the surface of the first cover plate facing the front surface of the substrate.
The packaging structure covers the surface of the first cover plate close to the solar cell substrate and the surface of the second cover plate close to the solar cell substrate. In some embodiments, the encapsulation structure may be an organic material such as EVA, POE, or PET. The color of the encapsulation result covering the surface of the second cover plate can be white, because, in the photovoltaic module, a gap is formed between adjacent solar cells, when incident light passes through the first cover plate and the encapsulation structure positioned on the surface of the first cover plate to reach the surface of the encapsulation structure on the surface of the second cover plate, compared with other colors, the white encapsulation structure can increase the reflectivity of the incident light, so that the incident light irradiated to the surface of the white encapsulation structure is reflected to the surface of the first cover plate, and then the incident light is reflected to the surface of the solar cell by the first cover plate for a second time, thereby improving the utilization rate of the incident light of the solar cell and increasing the power of the module.
It is understood that in other embodiments, the encapsulation structure may also be the reflective layer 120. This is because the reflective layer 120 itself has adhesiveness, and can serve as an encapsulation structure, so that the first cover plate and the second cover plate are respectively bonded to the solar cell to form a photovoltaic module.
In the photovoltaic module provided by the embodiment of the present application, the surface of the grid line 110 of the solar cell has the reflective layer 120, the reflective layer 120 includes a base 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the base 122, the surface of the reflective layer 120 located far away from the substrate has spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surfaces is spherical. The spherical reflection effect is utilized to cooperate with the higher reflectivity of the barium salt particles 121, so that the reflectivity of the reflecting layer 120 to incident light can be effectively improved, and the secondary utilization of the incident light after the solar cell is packaged is improved. Meanwhile, the surface of the first cover plate facing the substrate in the photovoltaic module is a concave-convex surface, so that incident light reflected from the surface of the grid line 110 can be reflected by the surface of the first cover plate more, the secondary utilization rate of the incident light is further improved, and the power of the module is increased.
Correspondingly, another embodiment of the present application further provides a method for manufacturing a solar cell, which can form the solar cell provided in the embodiment of the previous application, and the method for manufacturing the semiconductor structure provided in another embodiment of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.
Fig. 7 to 8 are schematic structural diagrams corresponding to steps in a method for manufacturing a solar cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
Referring to fig. 7, a substrate 100 is provided.
The substrate 100 is for receiving incident light and generating photo-generated carriers and has opposite front and back surfaces. In some embodiments, the solar cell is a bifacial cell, i.e., both the front and back sides of the substrate 100 are used to receive solar rays; in other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a single-sided cell, and the front surface of the solar cell is a light receiving surface and the back surface of the solar cell is a backlight surface. In some embodiments, the incident light rays may be solar rays.
In some embodiments, the substrate 100 may be a silicon substrate, and the material of the silicon substrate may include single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, amorphous silicon, and microcrystalline silicon; in other embodiments, the material of the substrate 100 may also be elemental carbon, an organic material, and a multi-component compound, including gallium arsenide, cadmium telluride, copper indium selenide, and the like.
The front surface of the substrate 100 has an emitter 101 forming a PN junction with the substrate 100. In some embodiments, the solar cell may be a PERC cell, the substrate 100 is a P-type substrate, that is, the substrate 100 is doped with P-type ions, and the emitter 101 is an N-type doped layer doped with N-type ions; in other embodiments, the solar cell may also be a TOPCON cell, the substrate 100 is an N-type substrate, the substrate 100 is doped with N-type ions, and the emitter 101 is a P-type doped layer doped with P-type ions. Specifically, in some embodiments, the P-type ions may be any of boron, gallium, or indium, and the N-type ions may be any of phosphorus, arsenic, or antimony.
Referring to fig. 8, a gate line 110 is formed on a surface of a substrate.
The specific process method for forming the gate line 110 on the substrate surface is as follows: and printing a metallization paste on the surface of the substrate by adopting a screen printing process and sintering to form the grid line 110. In some embodiments, before the metallization paste is printed on the surface of the substrate, an oxide is added to the metallization paste to modify the metallization paste, so as to modify the gate line 110 formed on the surface of the substrate, so that compared with the gate line 110 which is not modified, the polarity difference between the surface of the modified gate line 110 and the surface of the barium salt particles 121 is reduced, and when the barium salt is combined with the surface of the gate line 110, the agglomeration phenomenon is not easy to occur, i.e., the dispersion is more uniform. Specifically, in some embodiments, the oxide may be zinc oxide or silicon oxide.
Referring to fig. 4, in some embodiments, the gate line 110 is formed to include a main gate line 111 extending in a first direction and a sub gate line 112 extending in a second direction. In particular, in some embodiments, the angle between the first direction and the second direction may be 90 °. The width of the main gate line 111 may be 50 to 100 μm, and the thickness may be 5 to 8 μm; the width of the finger line 112 may be formed to be 20 to 40 μm and the thickness may be formed to be 13 to 16 μm.
Referring to fig. 1, a reflective layer 120 is formed on a surface of a gate line 110, the reflective layer 120 is formed to cover at least a portion of the surface of the gate line 110, the reflective layer 120 includes a substrate 122 and barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the substrate 122, the substrate 122 covers at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, the surface of the reflective layer 120 located away from the substrate has spherical surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical surfaces is spherical.
The substrate 122 coats at least a portion of the surface of the barium salt particles 121, and is used for bonding the barium salt particles 121 and better combining the barium salt particles 121 with the surface of the grid lines 110. Meanwhile, the barium salt particles 121 have spherical surfaces, so that the surface of the reflective layer 120 away from the substrate has spherical-crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the barium salt particles 121, and thus, the specific surface area of the surface of the reflective layer 120 is larger, so that incident light irradiated to the surface of the reflective layer 120 is more reflected.
Specifically, in some embodiments, prior to forming the matrix 122, the matrix 122 is an initially solidified material, and the process steps for forming the reflective layer 120 include:
first, the barium salt particles 121 and the initially solidified material are mixed using a blending process to form a reflective coating. In some embodiments, barium salt particles 121 may include any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or mixtures thereof; the initial cure material may be at least one of a metal carbonyl compound, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, or a resin.
Specifically, in some embodiments, the barium salt particles 121 may be prepared by an ultrafine particle preparation method, a complexation method or a high-speed centrifugation method, and the formed barium salt particles 121 have good dispersibility and the particle size of the barium salt particles 121 has good unity. For example, the barium sulfate can be prepared by an ultrafine particle preparation method, and the specific process method comprises the following steps: continuously introducing barium sulfide and sulfuric acid solution into a reaction tank, keeping the concentration ratio of the barium sulfide solution to the sulfuric acid solution at 1.1: 1-1.2: 1, and stirring the mixed solution for a time t less than or equal to 10min, for example, 10 min.
Then, coating a reflective coating on the surface of the gate line 110 to form an initial reflective layer 120; in some embodiments, a screen printing process may be used to apply a reflective coating on the surface of the gate line 110 to form the initial reflective layer 120. Specifically, in some embodiments, a first initial reflective layer 120 may be formed on the surface of the main gate line 111, and a second initial reflective layer 120 may be formed on the surface of the sub gate line 112. The process method for forming the initial reflective layer 120 on the surface of the gate line 110 by using the screen printing process includes: the mesh number of the screen printing used for forming the first initial reflection layer 120 is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen is: 51-103 mu m, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s; the mesh number of the screen printing plate for forming the second initial reflection layer 120 is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen printing plate is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen printing plate is: 21-43 μm, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s.
It should be noted that the width of the screen used in the screen printing is larger than the width of the gate line 110, so that when the screen is aligned with the gate line 110 to print the reflective coating, a gap exists between the screen opening and the gate line 110. When the reflective paint is printed, the reflective paint may be coated on the side surface of the gate line 110 through the gap, and thus, the reflective layer 120 may be formed on both the side surface and the top surface of the gate line 110, so that the reflective area of the gate line 110 is large.
In addition, the thickness of the opening of the screen can be adjusted to adjust the coating thickness of the reflective coating, so that the reflective layer 120 on the surface of the gate line 110 has different thicknesses. Specifically, in some embodiments, the opening thickness of the screen may be 0.2 μm to 1.5 μm, and the thickness of the reflective layer 120 may be 0.2 μm to 1 μm; in other embodiments, the thickness of the openings of the screen may also be 1.5 μm to 3 μm, and the thickness of the formed reflective layer 120 may be 1 μm to 2 μm; in still other embodiments, the thickness of the openings of the screen can be 3 μm to 5 μm, and the thickness of the reflective layer 120 can be 2 μm to 3 μm.
In other embodiments, a reflective coating may be further applied on the surface of the gate line 110 by a 3D printing process to form the initial reflective layer 120. Specifically, the process method adopting the 3D printing process comprises the following steps: into the spray headAdding a reflective coating, and spraying the reflective coating on the surface of the grid line 110 by using the spray head, wherein the viscosity of the reflective coating is 8000 Pa.s-10000 Pa.s, the diameter of the spray head is 20 mu m-30 mu m, and the pressure of the spray head is 2.026 multiplied by 105Pa～5.065×105Pa. It is understood that, when the initial curing material is a resin, since the viscosity of the resin is relatively high, a diluent may be added to the reflective paint in an amount such that the viscosity of the reflective paint is 8000pa.s to 10000 pa.s.
In still other embodiments, a reflective coating may be applied on the surface of the gate line 110 by an electrostatic adsorption process to form the initial reflective layer 120. The process method adopting the electrostatic adsorption process comprises the following steps: adding a reflective coating into the electrostatic spraying equipment, and spraying the reflective coating to the surface of the grid line 110 structure by using the electrostatic spraying equipment, wherein the voltage of the electrostatic spraying equipment is 6-36V.
Finally, the initial reflective layer 120 is cured to form the reflective layer 120. In some embodiments, the initial reflective layer 120 may be cured by a photo-thermal annealing process, which includes: irradiating the initial reflection layer 120 with infrared light having a wavelength of 300-450 nm and a power density of 1kw/m, and heating the initial reflection layer 1202～10kw/m2The heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the curing time is 1-120 s.
It is understood that in other embodiments, when the initial cured material is a thermosetting material, a thermal curing process may be used to cure the initial reflective layer 120 to form the reflective layer 120.
The method for manufacturing the solar cell provided in the above embodiment includes forming the reflective layer 120 on the surface of the grid line 110, forming the reflective layer 120 to cover at least a part of the surface of the grid line 110, where the reflective layer 120 includes the matrix 122 and the barium salt particles 121 dispersed in the matrix 122, where at least a part of the surface of the barium salt particles 121 is coated by the matrix 122, and the surface of the reflective layer 120 located away from the substrate has spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121, and the shape of the barium salt particles 121 corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surfaces is spherical. Because barium salt particle 121 itself has higher whiteness and better reflection effect, and barium salt particle 121 has spherical structure, so can utilize spherical reflection effect in coordination with the higher reflectivity of barium salt particle 121 itself, effectively improve the reflectivity of reflection layer 120 to incident ray to improve the reutilization to incident ray after solar cell encapsulates, increase subassembly power.
Comparative example
The comparative example provides a solar cell, the specific structure of which is shown in fig. 9, including: a substrate 200 and a gate line 210 on the surface of the substrate; the gate line 210 is a metalized gate line.
Referring to the solar cell structure of the embodiment of the present application shown in fig. 1, the comparative example is different from the embodiment of the present application in that the comparative example does not provide a reflective layer on the surface of the grid line, and the embodiment of the present application provides a reflective layer 120 having spherical barium salt particles 121 on the surface of the grid line 110, and the surface of the reflective layer 120 located away from the substrate 100 has spherical crown-shaped surfaces corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles 121. Through comparative experiments, the parameter pairs of the examples and the comparative examples are shown in the table one:
watch 1
As can be seen from table one, the packaged module of the solar cell in the embodiment of the present application has higher power compared to the comparative example. Among them, the module power of the solar cell is 1% higher than that of the comparative example. This is because, in the comparative example, the reflective layer is not disposed on the surface of the gate line 210, and only the reflective effect of the gate line 210 itself is relied on, but the reflective effect of the metalized gate line is poor. In contrast, in the embodiment of the present application, the reflective layer 120 is disposed on the surface of the gate line 110, the barium salt particles 121 in the reflective layer 120 have a higher whiteness and a better reflection effect, and the barium salt particles 121 have a spherical structure. Therefore, the reflection rate of the reflection layer 120 to incident light can be effectively improved by utilizing the spherical reflection effect in cooperation with the higher reflection rate of the barium salt particles 121, so that the secondary utilization of the solar cell to the incident light after packaging is improved, and the power of the component is increased. It should be noted that the values of the height and the width of the gate line 110 in the embodiment of the present application are higher than the comparative ratio, because the top surface and the side surface of the gate line 110 in the embodiment of the present application are covered by the reflective layer 120, and therefore, the height and the width of the gate line 110 are relatively larger.
Although the present application has been described with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the claims, and many possible variations and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the application.
It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the foregoing embodiments are specific examples for carrying out the present application, and that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application in practice. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, and it is intended that the scope of the application be limited only by the claims appended hereto.
Claims (15)
1. A solar cell, comprising:
the grid line is positioned on the surface of the substrate;
the reflection layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflection layer comprises a base body and barium salt particles dispersed in the base body, the base body wraps at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles is arranged on the surface of the reflection layer far away from the base, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical.
2. The solar cell of claim 1, the material of the matrix comprising at least one of a metal carbonyl, a metal oxide, a cationic photoinitiator, a resin.
3. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the grid line comprises a side surface and a top surface connected to the side surface, and the reflective layer covers the side surface and the top surface of the grid line.
4. The solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of the barium salt particles to the matrix is 1.5:1 to 5.6: 1.
5. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the barium salt particles comprise first barium salt particles and second barium salt particles, the first barium salt particles having a first particle size range, the second barium salt particles having a second particle size range, and the first particle size range being greater than the second particle size range.
6. The solar cell of claim 5, wherein the first particle size ranges from 0.2 μm to 3 μm and the second particle size ranges from 0.02 μm to 0.05 μm.
7. The solar cell according to claim 5, wherein a mass ratio of the first barium salt particles to the second barium salt particles is 1:1 to 1.5: 1.
8. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the barium salt particles comprise any one of barium sulfate or barium carbonate or a mixture thereof.
9. The solar cell of claim 1, wherein the reflective layer has a thickness of 0.2 μm to 3 μm.
10. A photovoltaic module, comprising:
the solar cell of any one of claims 1-9;
the solar cell module comprises a first cover plate and a second cover plate, wherein the solar cell is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate;
and the packaging structure is positioned between the first cover plate and the second cover plate and is used for packaging the solar cell.
11. A method for manufacturing a solar cell, comprising:
providing a substrate;
forming a grid line on the surface of the substrate;
the method comprises the steps of forming a reflecting layer on the surface of the grid line, wherein the formed reflecting layer covers at least part of the surface of the grid line, the reflecting layer comprises a base body and barium salt particles dispersed in the base body, the base body wraps at least part of the surface of the barium salt particles, a spherical crown-shaped surface corresponding to the positions of the barium salt particles is arranged on the surface of the reflecting layer far away from the base, and the shape of the barium salt particles corresponding to the spherical crown-shaped surface is spherical.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the substrate is an initial cured material before the substrate is formed, and the step of forming the reflective layer comprises:
mixing the barium salt particles and the initial curing material by adopting a blending process to form a reflective coating;
coating the reflective coating on the surface of the grid line to form an initial reflective layer;
and curing the initial reflecting layer to form a reflecting layer.
13. The method of claim 12, wherein the reflective coating is applied on the surface of the grid lines by a screen printing process, the grid lines include main grid lines extending along a first direction and auxiliary grid lines extending along a second direction, and the first direction is different from the second direction, and the process of forming the initial reflective layer on the surface of the grid lines by the screen printing process comprises:
forming a first initial reflection layer on the surface of the main grid line, wherein the process method for forming the first initial reflection layer comprises the following steps: the mesh number of the screen printing plate for screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen printing plate is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen printing plate is as follows: 51-103 mu m, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s;
forming a second initial reflecting layer on the surface of the secondary grid line, wherein the process method for forming the second initial reflecting layer comprises the following steps: the mesh number of the screen printing plate for screen printing is 480-520, the opening thickness of the screen printing plate is 0.2-5 μm, and the opening width of the screen printing plate is as follows: 21-43 μm, and the printing speed is 350-700 mm/s.
14. The method for preparing the solar cell according to claim 12, wherein the reflective coating is coated on the surface of the grid line by a 3D printing process, and the process method by the 3D printing process comprises: adding the reflective coating into a spray head, and spraying the reflective coating to the surface of the grid line by using the spray head, wherein the viscosity of the reflective coating is 8000 Pa.s-10000 Pa.s, the diameter of the spray head is 20 mu m-30 mu m, and the pressure of the spray head is 2.026 multiplied by 105Pa～5.065×105Pa。
15. The method for manufacturing a solar cell according to claim 12, wherein the initial reflective layer is cured by a photo-thermal annealing process, and the process method of the photo-thermal annealing process comprises: irradiating the initial reflecting layer by using infrared light and heating the initial reflecting layer, wherein the wavelength of the infrared light is 300-450 nm, and the power density of the infrared light is 1kw/m2～10kw/m2The heating temperature is 200-600 ℃, and the curing time is 1-120 s.
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