CN113939627A - 用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法和湿式运行摩擦纸 - Google Patents

用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法和湿式运行摩擦纸 Download PDF

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CN113939627A
CN113939627A CN202080042551.8A CN202080042551A CN113939627A CN 113939627 A CN113939627 A CN 113939627A CN 202080042551 A CN202080042551 A CN 202080042551A CN 113939627 A CN113939627 A CN 113939627A
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fraction
binder
wet
paper
running friction
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斯特凡·斯坦梅茨
格雷戈尔·马特恩
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法以及涉及湿式运行纸，所述湿式运行纸包含至少一种由至少一种类型的纤维组成的纤维部分、至少一种填料部分和基于酚醛树脂的粘结剂部分。为了简化生产并改善湿式运行摩擦纸的特性，以纸生产过程将纤维部分、填料部分和作为酚盐溶解的粘结剂部分加工在一起以形述湿式运行摩擦纸。

Description

用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法和湿式运行摩擦纸
技术领域
本发明涉及用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法以及涉及湿式运行纸，所述湿式运行纸包含至少一种由至少一种类型的纤维组成的纤维部分、至少一种填料部分和基于酚醛树脂的粘结剂部分。
背景技术
从文献GB-A-2 205 592已知一种湿式运行摩擦纸，例如由多孔纤维基材、惰性填料和酚醛树脂制成的摩擦衬片材料，其中纤维基材被加工为水性浆料，酚醛树脂被加工为乳剂的形式，以及填料被加工成储备溶液。将储备溶液以造纸工艺的形式施加至长网造纸机网中、辊压并干燥。在干燥过程期间，酚醛树脂在温度的影响下硬化。
发明内容
本发明的目的是开发用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法和湿式运行摩擦纸及其用途。特别地，本发明的目的是简化湿式运行摩擦纸的生产以及改善其特性。
该目的通过权利要求1、9和10的主题来实现。从属于权利要求1的权利要求代表权利要求1的主题的有利实施方式。
具体实施方式
所提出的方法用于生产特别地在机动车辆中用于摩擦、离合器和/或制动装置的湿式运行摩擦纸或分层摩擦材料。湿式运行摩擦纸包含至少一种类型的纤维的纤维部分，例如芳族聚酰胺纤维、碳纤维、棉纤维如棉短绒纤维等；至少一种填料部分，例如硅藻土Kieselguhr，如硅藻土Celite、石墨、焦炭等；和基于酚醛树脂的粘结剂部分，例如酚甲阶酚醛树脂等。可以提供另外的部分，例如有机硅树脂、硅烷、絮凝剂、助留剂、摩擦颗粒等。
以造纸工艺制造湿式运行摩擦纸。这意指例如浆料如纸浆或悬浮体由纤维部分和至少一种填料形成。纤维呈短切形式，例如具有几毫米的长度。高水含量纸浆还包含粘结剂组分，其中酚醛树脂组分作为酚盐可能与其他树脂组分一起存在，酚醛树脂溶解在强碱性溶液中，例如溶解在氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中。
以本身已知的造纸工艺将纸浆加工成湿式运行摩擦纸。例如，将纸浆放置在长网造纸机网上并在湿压机单元中辊压并达到适当的厚度。如有必要，然后通过进一步辊压将纸浆干燥。在这种情况下，在干燥阶段，可以使相应的辊达到比湿阶段中的辊更高的温度以蒸发剩余溶剂例如水。
根据本发明，使溶解在纸浆中的作为酚醛树脂的酚盐存在的酚醛树脂部分沉淀。为此，通过添加酸降低碱性纸浆的pH，例如中和纸浆，结果酚盐转化为不溶性酚醛树脂并沉淀。可以使用稀酸例如5％的硫酸作为沉淀剂。沉淀过程优选在造纸工艺的室温或环境温度下在湿阶段中进行。
通过沉淀过程以及优选使用助留剂，可以在位于长网造纸机网上的纸浆的整个区域实现沉淀的酚醛树脂颗粒的均匀分布。以这种方式，在纸生产过程的压制过程和辊压过程以及最终湿式运行摩擦纸的干燥之后，可以遍及其两个表面之间的厚度实现酚醛树脂颗粒的横向分布，使得由湿式运行摩擦纸制成的摩擦搭档的摩擦品质在其使用寿命内具有基本一致的摩擦特性。
此外，可以通过沉淀剂的预定添加速率来调节沉淀的粘结剂颗粒例如酚醛树脂颗粒的颗粒尺寸。特别地，通过以0.5kg/秒的速率添加沉淀剂，例如，可以实现小于两毫米的酚醛树脂特别是酚甲阶酚醛树脂的特别小的粒径，其渗入纤维部分的纤维或纤维结构并将其自身以均匀分布附接至纤维。
通过添加适当的絮凝剂和/或助留剂，可以设置合适的ζ电位，使得可以实现基本上100％的添加的酚醛树脂的高絮凝转化率。
可以在造纸工艺的干燥阶段中调节粘结剂例如酚醛树脂的硬度，从而调节其耐磨性、弹性、耐温性等。在这种情况下，在干燥阶段中，可以在辊上设置均匀的温度，或者可以从辊到辊逐渐设置提高或降低的温度曲线。
用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的有利组合物可以例如包含
-40重量％至60重量％的纤维部分，特别是芳族聚酰胺纤维、棉短绒纤维和碳纤维的混合物，
-30重量％至40重量％的粘结剂部分，特别是在碱性溶液中作为酚盐存在的酚醛树脂，
-20重量％至40重量％的填料部分，特别是硅藻土。
特别有利的组合物包含，例如，以重量百分比计
-26％的芳族聚酰胺纤维
-6％的棉短绒纤维
-9％的碳纤维
-30％的在强碱性溶液中作为酚盐存在并随后沉淀的酚醛树脂例如酚甲阶酚醛树脂，
-29％的硅藻土。
目的还通过特别地根据所提出的方法生产的湿式运行摩擦纸来实现。湿式运行摩擦纸在其两个相对表面之间具有树脂颗粒的均匀分布。由粘结剂部分形成的粘结剂颗粒的颗粒尺寸优选小于2微米。
在造纸工艺完成之后，湿式运行摩擦纸呈片形式或卷形式。根据摩擦衬片作为径向或轴向有效的摩擦衬片的后续用途通过以具有径向或轴向摩擦表面的环或环段的形式冲压、切割等进行由这种湿式运行摩擦纸生产摩擦衬片。在造纸工艺之后或在干燥阶段，摩擦衬片或湿式运行摩擦纸的表面的轮廓可以例如通过不同的压制强度提供在预期的摩擦表面上。替代地或另外地，可以提供特定应用所需的穿孔。
不言而喻，在本发明的含义内，由湿式运行摩擦纸生产的摩擦衬片、制动衬片等包括在本发明中，并且可以作为专利申请的一部分来主张。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于生产湿式运行摩擦纸的方法，所述湿式运行摩擦纸包含至少一种由至少一种类型的纤维组成的纤维部分、至少一种填料部分和基于酚醛树脂的粘结剂部分，所述方法的特征在于，以纸生产过程将所述纤维部分、所述填料部分和作为酚盐溶解的所述粘结剂部分加工在一起以形成所述湿式运行摩擦纸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，将所述纤维部分加工成悬浮体，以及将所述至少一种填料部分和所述粘结剂部分彼此混合并放置在长网造纸机网上，使其干燥和硬化。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，首先由所述纤维部分和所述至少一种填料制备纸浆，然后添加所述粘结剂，然后使所述粘结剂沉淀。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，将作为碱性酚盐溶液的所述粘结剂与所述纸浆混合，然后通过沉淀剂优选稀硫酸使所述粘结剂沉淀。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，通过所述沉淀剂的预定添加速率及其类型来调节沉淀的粘结剂颗粒的颗粒尺寸。
6.根据权利要求2至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，使所述粘结剂在所述纸生产过程的干燥阶段中达到预定硬度。
7.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，通过预定的温度曲线来调节所述粘结剂的硬度。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，使用30重量％至60重量％的纤维部分，特别是芳族聚酰胺纤维、棉短绒纤维和碳纤维的混合物；20重量％至40重量％的粘结剂部分，特别是酚醛树脂；和20重量％至40重量％的填料部分，特别是硅藻土。
9.一种特别地通过根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法生产的湿式运行摩擦纸，其特征在于，在其两个相对表面之间的树脂颗粒的分布是均匀的。
10.根据权利要求9所述的湿式运行摩擦纸，其特征在于，由所述粘结剂部分形成的所述粘结剂颗粒的颗粒尺寸小于1微米。
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