CN113933909A - Method for rapidly determining boundary of valley cracking basin - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sedimentary basin structure research, and particularly relates to a method for quickly determining a crack valley basin boundary, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: utilizing the residual lattice gravity anomaly to invert the undulation form of the top surface of the base of the valley cracking basin or invert the depth map of the interface of the base of the valley cracking basin deposition, and carrying out gridding treatment; step two: carrying out spatial analysis on the interface of the deposition substrate, and extracting an isoline of the interface; step three: performing spatial analysis on the deposition substrate interface gridded in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the deposition substrate interface gridded in the first step; step four: calculating the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the third step again; step five: comparing the two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate calculated in the fourth step; step six: and selecting the isoline where the two meet as a crack valley basin boundary. The method is a semi-quantitative analysis method, is more accurate in planar state than the split valley basin area which is drawn in a predetermined manner, and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sedimentary basin structure research, and particularly relates to a method for quickly determining a crack valley basin boundary.
Background
The valley basins are valleys which develop in the crust of the earth and which, in the context of stretching, move horizontally away from the ground or when the mantle is raised, appear topographically as symmetrical or asymmetrical, deep-dented in the center. This type of basin develops widely in the east of china. The valley-splitting basin can be generally divided into a single-break type and a double-break type, wherein one side of the boundary of the single-break type valley-splitting basin is limited by a normal fault, and the other side of the boundary is limited by an over-boundary on the stratum; both sides of the double-fracture type valley basin are limited by the positive fracture layer. The valley-splitting basin boundary cannot be directly determined because the valley-splitting basin usually does not directly expose the ground surface and is often covered by later post-valley-splitting deposits. Because the interior of the rift valley basin is low-density sediment, and the exterior of the rift valley basin is high-density crystalline substrate or metamorphic substrate, for the mapping research of basin dimensions (rift valley basin group), the plane form of the rift valley basin can be inversely depicted by using a residual lattice gravity anomaly method. However, the rift valley basin structure inverted by gravity is actually a fluctuant form of the basin base top surface, and is influenced by the selection of the Fourier transform wavelength in the inversion process, only the concave-convex form of the rift valley basin on the space can be qualitatively reflected, and the real boundary of the rift valley basin can not be accurately determined.
Therefore, it is desirable to design a method for quickly determining the boundary of the valley basin to solve the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a method for rapidly determining the boundary of a cracked millet basin, which solves the technical problem of lower accuracy of qualitative characterization of the ground plane form of the cracked millet basin in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for rapidly determining a boundary of a valley basin comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: inverting the fluctuation form of the top surface of the base of the valley basin or the inverted depth map of the interface of the deposition base of the valley basin by using the residual lattice gravity anomaly, and carrying out gridding processing to obtain discrete data content of the base interface depth f (x, y) of longitude x and latitude y in space;
step two: carrying out spatial analysis on the interface of the deposition substrate, and extracting a contour line of the interface of the deposition substrate;
step three: performing spatial analysis on discrete data of the depth f (x, y) of the gridded deposition substrate interface in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the gridded deposition substrate interface in the first step;
step four: performing primary gradient calculation on the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the third step;
step five: comparing the available two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate calculated in the fourth step to obtain a local valley crack boundary;
step six: putting the local valley-splitting boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under one map frame, and selecting a contour line where the local valley-splitting boundary and the contour map are intersected as a valley-splitting basin boundary; finally, the contour is extracted as a complete valley basin boundary.
The deposition substrate interface in the second step is the deposition substrate interface inverted in the first step;
the extracting the contour line of the deposition substrate interface includes: the interface contours were extracted directly by the Arcgis software for discrete data on the deposition substrate interface depth f (x, y).
The third step is that: performing a spatial analysis algorithm on the discrete data of the deposition substrate interface depth f (x, y) that is gridded in the first step comprises: represented by the following formula (1):
Z＝aX2+bY2+cXY+dX+eY+f……………………(1)
wherein: z is the relative elevation of a deposition substrate interface at a certain point on the two-dimensional grid, X is a warp coordinate, and Y is a weft coordinate; the relation coefficients a, b, c, d, e and f determining Z and X, Y in formula (1) are obtained by fitting according to the space coordinates near the point and the relative elevation relation of the corresponding deposition substrate interface.
The calculation of the interface gradient value in the third step is obtained by the following calculation formula (2):
wherein the coefficients d and e in equation (2) are consistent with the coefficients d and e fitted in equation (1).
The fourth step is that: the gradient calculation of the deposition substrate interface gradient value in the third step comprises the following steps: performing a second derivative on equation (1) to obtain the curvature of each point on the deposition substrate interface grid coordinates X and Y from equation (3) below:
wherein the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f in the formula (3) are consistent with the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f fitted in the formula (1).
Comparing the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate in the step five, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and selecting a plurality of two-dimensional seismic sections, projecting the two-dimensional seismic sections onto a top surface curvature graph of the deposition substrate, and comparing the crack valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic sections with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate.
Comparing the crack valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate, and further comprising: if the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic profile is consistent with the region where the minimum curvature value of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic profile is coincident, namely the minimum curvature value is regarded as a local valley boundary on the plane, and the six steps of calculation are directly carried out;
if the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent with the region where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent, the inflection point needs to be manually shifted to the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section, and the inflection point is projected to a corresponding plane to serve as a local valley boundary.
In the sixth step, the step of selecting the isoline where the local valley cracking boundary determined in the fifth step meets the interface of the deposition substrate in the second step as the valley cracking basin boundary comprises the following steps: and putting the local valley crack boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under a map, and observing which contour line the local valley crack boundary is overlapped with, wherein the contour line is used as a complete valley crack basin boundary.
In the first step, performing gridding processing on the fluctuation form of the top surface of the base of the inversion valley basin of the residual lattice gravity anomaly or the inversion valley basin deposition base interface depth map comprises the following steps: if the original data is in a picture format, contour lines in the picture need to be sketched in the Arcgis software, values of the contour lines are given to the sketched lines, after all the sketched lines are assigned, grids are extracted in the Arcgis software, and a substrate top surface altitude grid coordinate point f (x, y) of any point on the grids can be obtained, wherein x and y are warp coordinates and weft coordinates of the grid point.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin is based on the gravity inversion base top surface form and can rapidly and accurately determine the boundary of the valley basin by combining the spatial analysis technology. The method is a semi-quantitative analysis method, is more accurate in planar state than the split valley basin area which is drawn in a predetermined manner, and is convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a method for rapidly determining a boundary of a valley basin designed by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a depth map of the top surface of a two-pot basin deposition substrate;
FIG. 3 is an isobologram of the top surface of a two-pot basin deposition substrate
FIG. 4 is a top slope view of a two-pot basin deposition substrate
FIG. 5 is a graph of the curvature of the top surface of a two-pot basin deposition substrate
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing a seismic profile with a depth profile of the top surface of a deposition substrate
FIG. 7 is a diagram of the boundary of a valley of a Lianbian basin
Detailed Description
The following describes a method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
As shown in FIG. 1, the method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin, which is designed by the invention, comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: inverting the fluctuation form of the top surface of the base of the valley basin or the inverted depth map of the interface of the deposition base of the valley basin by using the residual lattice gravity anomaly, and carrying out gridding processing to obtain discrete data content of the base interface depth f (x, y) of longitude x and latitude y in space;
the gridding processing of the fluctuation form of the top surface of the base of the inversion valley basin or the depth map of the interface of the deposition base of the inversion valley basin on the basis of the residual lattice gravity anomaly comprises the following steps: if the original data is in a picture format, contour lines in the picture need to be sketched in the Arcgis software, values of the contour lines are given to the sketched lines, after all the sketched lines are assigned, grids are extracted in the Arcgis software, and a substrate top surface altitude grid coordinate point f (x, y) of any point on the grids can be obtained, wherein x and y are warp coordinates and weft coordinates of the grid point.
Step two: carrying out spatial analysis on the interface of the deposition substrate, and extracting a contour line of the interface of the deposition substrate; the deposition substrate interface in the second step is the deposition substrate interface inverted in the first step;
the extracting the contour line of the deposition substrate interface includes: the interface contours were extracted directly by the Arcgis software for discrete data on the deposition substrate interface depth f (x, y).
Step three: performing spatial analysis on discrete data of the depth f (x, y) of the gridded deposition substrate interface in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the gridded deposition substrate interface in the first step;
the algorithm for spatially analyzing the discrete data of the deposition substrate interface depth f (x, y) that is gridded in the first step comprises: represented by the following formula (1):
Z＝aX2+bY2+cXY+dX+eY+f……………………(1)
wherein: z is the relative elevation of a deposition substrate interface at a certain point on the two-dimensional grid, X is a warp coordinate, and Y is a weft coordinate; the relation coefficients a, b, c, d, e and f determining Z and X, Y in formula (1) are obtained by fitting according to the space coordinates near the point and the relative elevation relation of the corresponding deposition substrate interface.
The calculation of the interface gradient value in the third step is obtained by the following calculation formula (2):
wherein the coefficients d and e in equation (2) are consistent with the coefficients d and e fitted in equation (1).
Step four: and performing slope calculation again on the interface slope of the deposition substrate in the third step, wherein the slope calculation comprises the following steps: performing a second derivative on equation (1) to obtain the curvature of each point on the deposition substrate interface grid coordinates X and Y from equation (3) below:
wherein the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f in the formula (3) are consistent with the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f fitted in the formula (1).
Step five: comparing the available two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate calculated in the fourth step to obtain a local valley crack boundary; the comparison of the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate specifically comprises: and selecting a plurality of two-dimensional seismic sections, projecting the two-dimensional seismic sections onto a top surface curvature graph of the deposition substrate, and comparing the crack valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic sections with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate.
Comparing the crack valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate, and further comprising: if the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic profile is consistent with the region where the minimum curvature value of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic profile is coincident, namely the minimum curvature value is regarded as a local valley boundary on the plane, and the six steps of calculation are directly carried out;
if the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent with the region where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent, the inflection point needs to be manually shifted to the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section, and the inflection point is projected to a corresponding plane to serve as a local valley boundary.
Step six: putting the local valley-splitting boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under one map frame, and selecting a contour line where the local valley-splitting boundary and the contour map are intersected as a valley-splitting basin boundary; finally, the contour is extracted as a complete valley basin boundary.
The step of selecting the contour line of the intersection of the local valley-splitting boundary determined in the step five and the deposition substrate interface in the step two as the valley-splitting basin boundary comprises the following steps: and putting the local valley crack boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under a map, and observing which contour line the local valley crack boundary is overlapped with, wherein the contour line is used as a complete valley crack basin boundary.
Example (b):
the invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an example of the identification of the border of the early chalky valley of the two-pot basin. In the first step, a depth fluctuation form map (fig. 2) of the top surface of the valley basin substrate is inverted by using the residual lattice gravity anomaly, and gridding processing is performed to obtain the data content of f (x, y). I.e., f (x, y) is the elevation of the top surface of the substrate at a point on the grid, and x and y are the warp and weft coordinates of that grid point.
Step two: the deposition substrate interface was spatially analyzed in the Arcgis software and the contours of the interface were extracted as shown in FIG. 3.
And step three, carrying out spatial analysis on the deposition substrate interface f (x, y) which is meshed in the step one, and fitting coefficients a, b, c, d, e and f of each point on a mesh space according to the formula (1). And calculating the gradient of each point on the top surface of the two basin-connected ground deposition substrates in the grid space according to the formula (2), as shown in fig. 4.
Step four: calculating the curvature of each point in the grid space according to the formula (3) on the basis of the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, and f of each point on the grid obtained in the step three, as shown in fig. 5;
step five: 4 two-dimensional seismic sections were selected and projected onto the curvature map of the top surface of the two basin-connected deposition foundation as shown in fig. 5. Through comparison on the two-dimensional seismic section, the manually identified crack valley boundary is found to be matched with the position with the curvature of less than 0.01 calculated in the figure 5, and the black solid line in the figure 5 is the position of the two-dimensional seismic section; therefore, a threshold value of <0.01 for the deposition substrate top surface curvature map is considered as a reference for the crack valley boundary.
The dashed lines in fig. 6 are the corresponding substrate top surface interface depths, and the blue circles are the inflection positions of the depth curves, which approximately correspond to the curvature <0.01 on the plan view.
Step six: and extracting the grid with the curvature of less than 0.01 in the graph 5, observing the intersection point of the grid and the isoline in the graph 4, and selecting the isoline where the intersection point is located as a crack valley boundary. The contour line boundaries are extracted to complete the depiction of all the crack valley basin boundaries in the basin, as shown in fig. 7.
While the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the above-described examples, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (9)
1. A method for rapidly determining the boundary of a valley cracking basin is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: inverting the fluctuation form of the top surface of the base of the valley basin or the inverted depth map of the interface of the deposition base of the valley basin by using the residual lattice gravity anomaly, and carrying out gridding processing to obtain discrete data content of the base interface depth f (x, y) of longitude x and latitude y in space;
step two: carrying out spatial analysis on the interface of the deposition substrate, and extracting a contour line of the interface of the deposition substrate;
step three: performing spatial analysis on discrete data of the depth f (x, y) of the gridded deposition substrate interface in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the gridded deposition substrate interface in the first step;
step four: performing primary gradient calculation on the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the third step;
step five: comparing the available two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate calculated in the fourth step to obtain a local valley crack boundary;
step six: putting the local valley-splitting boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under one map frame, and selecting a contour line where the local valley-splitting boundary and the contour map are intersected as a valley-splitting basin boundary; finally, the contour is extracted as a complete valley basin boundary.
2. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the deposition substrate interface in the second step is the deposition substrate interface inverted in the first step;
the extracting the contour line of the deposition substrate interface includes: the interface contours were extracted directly by the Arcgis software for discrete data on the deposition substrate interface depth f (x, y).
3. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the third step is that: performing a spatial analysis algorithm on the discrete data of the deposition substrate interface depth f (x, y) that is gridded in the first step comprises: represented by the following formula (1):
Z＝aX2+bY2+cXY+dX+eY+f……………………(1)
wherein: z is the relative elevation of a deposition substrate interface at a certain point on the two-dimensional grid, X is a warp coordinate, and Y is a weft coordinate; the relation coefficients a, b, c, d, e and f determining Z and X, Y in formula (1) are obtained by fitting according to the space coordinates near the point and the relative elevation relation of the corresponding deposition substrate interface.
4. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the calculation of the interface gradient value in the third step is obtained by the following calculation formula (2):
wherein the coefficients d and e in equation (2) are consistent with the coefficients d and e fitted in equation (1).
5. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the fourth step is that: the gradient calculation of the deposition substrate interface gradient value in the third step comprises the following steps: performing a second derivative on equation (1) to obtain the curvature of each point on the deposition substrate interface grid coordinates X and Y from equation (3) below:
wherein the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f in the formula (3) are consistent with the coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f fitted in the formula (1).
6. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: comparing the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate in the step five, which specifically comprises the following steps:
and selecting a plurality of two-dimensional seismic sections, projecting the two-dimensional seismic sections onto a top surface curvature graph of the deposition substrate, and comparing the crack valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic sections with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate.
7. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: comparing the crack valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic profile with the minimum value of the curvature of the interface of the deposition substrate, and further comprising: if the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic profile is consistent with the region where the minimum curvature value of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic profile is coincident, namely the minimum curvature value is regarded as a local valley boundary on the plane, and the six steps of calculation are directly carried out;
if the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent with the region where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent, the inflection point needs to be manually shifted to the valley boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section, and the inflection point is projected to a corresponding plane to serve as a local valley boundary.
8. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the sixth step, the step of selecting the isoline where the local valley cracking boundary determined in the fifth step meets the interface of the deposition substrate in the second step as the valley cracking basin boundary comprises the following steps: and putting the local valley crack boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under a map, and observing which contour line the local valley crack boundary is overlapped with, wherein the contour line is used as a complete valley crack basin boundary.
9. The method for rapidly determining the boundary of the valley basin according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, performing gridding processing on the fluctuation form of the top surface of the base of the inversion valley basin of the residual lattice gravity anomaly or the inversion valley basin deposition base interface depth map comprises the following steps: if the original data is in a picture format, contour lines in the picture need to be sketched in the Arcgis software, values of the contour lines are given to the sketched lines, after all the sketched lines are assigned, grids are extracted in the Arcgis software, and a substrate top surface altitude grid coordinate point f (x, y) of any point on the grids can be obtained, wherein x and y are warp coordinates and weft coordinates of the grid point.
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