CN111899336B - Method for obtaining minimum tide surface model of unknown sea area theory - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for obtaining a theoretical lowest tide level model of an unknown sea area, which comprises the steps of selecting a lowest tide level by using a tide height formula to form a theoretical lowest tide level grid of an engineering sea area; and the model is finely adjusted by adopting the known value of the theoretical lowest tide level of the existing tide gauging station to form a final theoretical lowest tide level model. The invention does not use Fragile Mills-based model, but uses astronomical minimum tide forecasted in 19 years of all partial tides to determine the theoretical minimum tide level through calculation and modeling, and the precision is obviously improved through inspection. The number of offshore fixed-point tide gauging stations can be obviously reduced, and considerable economic benefit is generated; the efficiency is remarkably improved, the precision can reach centimeter level, and the requirements of work such as ocean surveying and mapping, dredging construction and the like can be completely met. And has no replaceable function in emergency situations such as emergency mapping and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean mapping, and particularly relates to a method for acquiring a lowest tide surface model of an unknown sea area theory.
Background
In various activities involving the ocean, it is often necessary to use a water depth map. In China, the starting calculation surface of the ocean water depth is the theoretical lowest tide surface, and the theoretical lowest tide surface of a water depth point must be known in the mapping water depth map. Generally, a tide station is built, more than one year of continuous tide level observation is carried out, the harmonic constants of 13 partial tides are obtained through a harmonic analysis method, and the theoretical lowest tide level is calculated according to a mathematical model specified by a specification; or a temporary, short-term or offshore fixed-point tide gauging station is arranged, and the theoretical lowest tide level of the temporary tide gauging station is obtained by a transfer method through synchronous tide level observation with a nearby long-term tide gauging station.
The current technology has the problems that only the theoretical lowest tide level of the tide checking station position can be obtained, if a theoretical lowest tide level model of a sea area is to be obtained, a plurality of tide checking stations are required to be arranged, and the defects that firstly, the tide checking station is uneconomical, secondly, the fixed-point tide checking at sea is very difficult, and accurate results are not easy to obtain are overcome. The reason is that the theoretical lowest tide level is a curved surface, the tide gauging station is equivalent to a sampling point, and the actually measured data of the sampling point is used for fitting, so that the theoretical lowest tide level model of the sea area is obtained, and the increase of the density of the tide gauging station is difficult, uneconomical and unrealistic.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems solved by the invention are as follows: the existing method is provided with a plurality of tide checking stations, and has the defects of being uneconomical, difficult to carry out fixed-point tide checking at sea and difficult to obtain accurate results.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for obtaining a lowest tide surface model of an unknown sea area theory comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting a sea tide mathematical model or a global sea tide model which is established in an engineering sea area;
(2) collecting the known value of the theoretical lowest tide level of the existing tide testing station in the engineering sea area;
(3) determining a sea area grid, wherein the sea area grid is the same as the sea tide model grid;
(4) extracting all harmonic constants of each grid point of the sea area from the sea tide model, and performing time zone conversion on the sea tide;
(5) substituting a tide height formula into all tides, calculating tide levels for multiple years at intervals of 5 minutes, and selecting the lowest tide level to form a theoretical lowest tide level grid of the engineering sea area;
(6) and carrying out refined fine adjustment on the model by adopting the known value of the theoretical lowest tide level of the existing tide gauging station to form a final theoretical lowest tide level model.
Preferably, in step (1), the tide model used is NAO99jb model, TPXO8 model or TPXO9 model.
Preferably, in the step (3), the engineering sea area is covered by rectangular grids, the positions and the densities of the grid points are consistent with those of the grids of the sea tide model, and the longitude and the latitude of the grid points are calculated.
Preferably, in step (4), the method for extracting the harmonic constant includes the following steps:
(41) converting each tide text file into a binary file, combining all tides into a binary file, and extracting a harmonic constant according to the longitude and latitude positions;
(42) locating in the grid, latitude difference db = (65-B) × 12; the longitude difference dl = (L-110) × 12, and the coordinates of 4 corner points of the grid are calculated, wherein B represents north latitude, and L represents east longitude;
(43) let nb1= floor (db); nb2= ceiling (db); nl1= floor (dl); nl2= ceiling (dl), nb1, nb2 are the number of grids in the latitude direction, nl1, nl2 are the number of grids in the longitude direction, and the coordinates of 4 corner points are calculated according to the latitude difference and precision difference formula in the step (42);
(44) after the harmonic constants of the 4 corner points are extracted, the harmonic constants at (B, L) are obtained in a distance interpolation mode.
Preferably, the coordinates of the 4 corner points in step (43) are:
upper left corner north latitude b1=65-nb 1/12;
upper left east longitude L1=110+ nl 1/12;
upper right corner north latitude b2= b 1;
upper right east longitude L2=110+ nl 2/12;
lower left corner north latitude b3=65-nb 2/12;
lower left east longitude L3= L1;
lower right corner north latitude b4= b 3;
the lower right east longitude L4= L2.
Preferably, in the step (5), after harmonic constants of all tide divisions at each grid point in the sea area are extracted, astronomical parameters related to time of each tide division, intersection point factors and intersection point correcting angles are combined, a classical tide height formula is adopted, 5 minutes are taken as step length, forecast 19-year tide level is calculated, the minimum value is taken, and the forecast tide level is stored in a grid point location file.
Preferably, the generated grid point file is triangulated, any point in the sea area is surely in a triangle, the theoretical lowest tide level of any point in the sea area is calculated, interpolation calculation can be carried out by using three corner points of the triangle surrounding the point by using a distance weighting method, the model is used for calculating the theoretical lowest tide level of the tide station, and the theoretical lowest tide level is compared with the known value of the model to calculate the difference value.
Preferably, in step (6), triangulation is performed on the known tide gauging station, the calculated difference is used as a correction number, grid points within the range are refined, the calculated value of the model is equal to the known value, and the production of the sea area theory minimum tide surface model is completed.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method for acquiring the theoretical lowest tide level model of the unknown sea area does not use a Frakemlisy model, but uses astronomical lowest tide forecasted in 19 years of full tide diversion to determine the theoretical lowest tide level through calculation and modeling, and the precision is obviously improved through inspection. The number of offshore fixed-point tide gauging stations can be obviously reduced, and considerable economic benefit is generated; the efficiency is remarkably improved, the precision can reach centimeter level, and the requirements of work such as ocean surveying and mapping, dredging construction and the like can be completely met. And in some scenes (for example, emergency mapping, due to time pressure, the current synchronous tide-checking scheme cannot be used), the method has no alternative effect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a model of the theoretical minimum tidal plane of the gulf of Haizhou;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a computing software interface of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a view illustrating a triangular subdivision of a generated mesh point file according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are carried out on the premise of the technical scheme of the present invention, and it should be understood that these examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The present embodiment specifically describes the specific process and details of using the solution of the present invention, taking the establishment of the minimum tidal plane model of the gulf theory as an example.
(1) Collecting the established sea tide mathematical model of the engineering sea area, if not, using the global sea tide model, and using 3 sea tide models, 1) NAO99jb, 2) TPXO8, 3) TPXO 9.
(2) And collecting the positions of 7 tide-testing stations in the sea area and the theoretical lowest tide level known values, and making a table for later use.
An NAO99jb regional sea tide model is prepared, covers Asian regions, ranges from 20 degrees of north latitude to 65 degrees of north latitude in latitude, ranges from 110 degrees of east longitude to 165 degrees of east longitude, and has 16 tides of q1, o1, p1, k1, n2, m2, s2, k2, oo1, m1, j1, t2, L2,2n2, mu2 and nu2 tides.
(3) And determining the sea area grids which are the same as the grids of the sea tide model. Covering the engineering sea area by a rectangular grid, wherein the position and the density of the grid points are consistent with those of the sea tide model, and calculating the longitude and latitude of the grid points.
Because the sea tide model has a large coverage area, the sea area grids are extracted from the model. If the sea area mesh exceeds the model mesh, the exceeding part cannot calculate the theoretical lowest tide level.
(4) And acquiring a harmonic constant of all tide divisions at each grid point of the sea area.
And extracting all harmonic constants of each grid point from the sea tide model, and performing time zone conversion on the Greenwich mean-delay angle g of each tide, so as to convert the Greenwich mean-delay angle g into a time zone where the engineering sea area is located. For the NAO99jb model, the harmonic constants of 16 tide divisions should be extracted, for the TPXO8 model, the harmonic constants of 9 tide divisions should be extracted, and for the TPXO9 model, the harmonic constants of 12 tide divisions should be extracted.
Taking the NAO99jb model as an example, the method for extracting the harmonic constant is described as follows:
original data of the NAO99jb model is provided in a text file mode, for convenience of use, each tide separating text file is converted into a binary file, each latitude corresponds to one row, the total number of rows is 541 from 65 degrees north latitude to 20 degrees north latitude; each row is arranged from east longitude 110 degrees to east longitude 165 degrees and has 1322 columns, the 1 st to 661 th columns are harmonic constants H, the 662 th to 1322 th columns are harmonic constants g, and each tide has 357601 data. All 16 chapters are then combined into a binary file, totaling 5721616 data. The process of extracting the harmonic constant according to the position (north latitude B, east longitude L) is:
locating in the grid, latitude difference db = (65-B) × 12; the difference in longitude dl = (L-110) × 12. Then consider 4 corner points of the grid where the point is located:
let nb1= floor (db); nb2= ceiling (db); nl1= floor (dl); nl2= ceiling (dl). (nb 1, nb2 are the number of latitudinal grids, nl1, nl2 are the number of longitudinal grids), and the coordinates of the 4 corner points are:
b1=65-nb1/12 is the north latitude at the upper left corner
L1=110+ nl1/12 is east meridian of upper left corner
b2= b1 represents the north latitude of the upper right corner
L2=110+ nl2/12 is the east meridian at the upper right corner
b3=65-nb2/12 is the lower left corner north latitude
L3= L1 is the east meridian at the lower left corner
b4= b3 is the lower right corner north latitude
L4= L2 is the east meridian at the lower right corner
The position of the ith (i from 0-15) divide-tide and tune constant is as follows:
the upper left corner H is positioned at 4 (i 715202+ nb1 1322+ nL1)
The upper left corner g is located at 4 ((i: 715202+ nb 1: 1322+ nL1) +661)
The upper right corner H is positioned at 4 (i 715202+ nb1 1322+ nL2)
The upper right corner g is at 4 ((i: 715202+ nb 1: 1322+ nL2) +661)
The lower left corner H is positioned at 4: (i: 715202+ nb 2: 1322+ nL1)
The lower left corner g is located at 4 ((i: 715202+ nb 2: 1322+ nL1) +661)
The lower right corner H is positioned at 4: (i: 715202+ nb 2: 1322+ nL2)
The lower right corner g is located at 4 ((i: 715202+ nb 2: 1322+ nL2) +661)
After the harmonic constants of 4 corner points are extracted, the harmonic constant at (B, L) is obtained by distance interpolation.
The calculation amount of the step and the subsequent steps is large, and the step and the subsequent steps are implemented by a computer and are processed by computer software. The main interface of the software is shown in figure 2,
(5) operating computer software to extract the harmonic constants of all 16 tide divisions at each grid point in the sea area, and combining 6 astronomical parameters (tau, when Pingtai Yin, s, Pingtai Yin Huangjing;
h': smoothing Taiyang Huangjing; p is the average meridian of the lunar perigee; n': white crossing point yellow meridian; p', mean yellow longitude of the solar near-field), an intersection point factor and an intersection point setting angle, calculating and forecasting a tide level for 19 years in total by using a classical tide height formula and taking 5 minutes as a step length instead of using a Frakemliski model, taking the minimum value of the tide level, and storing the minimum value in a grid point location file.
(6) The resulting mesh point file is triangulated, as shown in figure 3,
each corner point of the triangle is a grid point, any point in the sea area is bound to fall into one triangle, and the calculation of the theoretical lowest tide level of any point in the sea area can be carried out by interpolation calculation by using three corner points of the triangle surrounding the point and using a distance weighting method. The theoretical lowest tide level of 7 tide stations was calculated using this model and compared to its known values by the following table:
| tidal observation station | Connecting island | Xue polderOcean station | Vehicle ox mountain | Point E | Linking 1 | Fixed point 1 | Ganxi elm dock |
| Difference (cm) | -5 | -6 | 2 | -2 | -7 | 4 | -3 |
From the above table, the theoretical lowest tide level obtained by the scheme of the invention reaches higher precision without refinement, and can be directly used for newly developed sea areas.
(7) Triangulation is carried out on 7 known tide checking stations, the difference value of the table above is used as a correction number, and mesh points in the range are refined, so that the calculated value of the model is equal to the known value, and the manufacturing of the lowest tide surface model of the sea area theory is completed. In the subsequent application process, the theoretical lowest tide level of the point can be accurately obtained only by knowing the position of the point.
The grid in fig. 1 is the theoretical minimum tidal level grid of the gulf of the continental area calculated by the scheme of the invention, the sea tide model used is the NAO99jb regional sea tide model, and the model is refined by adopting the known values of the theoretical minimum tidal level of 7 tide stations. The contour in the figure is the theoretical lowest tide surface contour, and since the sea tide is of the normal semi-solar tide type, the position of the minimum value can be found to be the position of the no-tide point of the overseas M2 in the north of the south of the west.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for obtaining a lowest tide surface model of an unknown sea area theory is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting a sea tide mathematical model or a global sea tide model which is established in an engineering sea area;
(2) collecting the known value of the theoretical lowest tide level of the existing tide testing station in the engineering sea area;
(3) determining a sea area grid, wherein the sea area grid is the same as the sea tide model grid;
(4) extracting all harmonic constants of each grid point of the sea area from the sea tide model, and performing time zone conversion on the sea tide; the method for extracting the harmonic constant comprises the following steps:
(41) converting each tide text file into a binary file, combining all tides into a binary file, and extracting a harmonic constant according to the longitude and latitude positions;
(42) locating in the grid, latitude difference db = (65-B) × 12; the longitude difference dl = (L-110) × 12, and the coordinates of 4 corner points of the grid are calculated, wherein B represents north latitude, and L represents east longitude;
(43) let nb1= floor (db); nb2= ceiling (db); nl1= floor (dl); nl2= ceiling (dl), nb1, nb2 are the number of grids in the latitude direction, nl1, nl2 are the number of grids in the longitude direction, and the coordinates of 4 corner points are calculated according to the latitude difference and precision difference formula in the step (42);
(44) after the harmonic constants of 4 angular points are extracted, the harmonic constants at (B, L) are obtained in a distance interpolation mode; (5) substituting a tide height formula into all tides to select the lowest tide level and form a theoretical lowest tide surface grid of the engineering sea area;
(6) and carrying out refined fine adjustment on the model by adopting the known value of the theoretical lowest tide level of the existing tide gauging station to form a final theoretical lowest tide level model.
2. The method for obtaining the lowest tide surface model of unknown sea area theory as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the adopted tide model is an NAO99jb model, a TPXO8 model or a TPXO9 model.
3. The method for obtaining the lowest tide surface model of unknown sea area theory as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (3), the engineering sea area is covered by rectangular grids, the positions and the densities of the grid points are consistent with those of the grids of the sea tide model, and the longitude and the latitude of the grid points are calculated.
4. The method for obtaining the lowest tide surface model of unknown sea area theory as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the coordinates of the 4 corner points in step (43) are:
upper left corner north latitude b1=65-nb 1/12;
upper left east longitude L1=110+ nl 1/12;
upper right corner north latitude b2= b 1;
upper right east longitude L2=110+ nl 2/12;
lower left corner north latitude b3=65-nb 2/12;
lower left east longitude L3= L1;
lower right corner north latitude b4= b 3;
the lower right east longitude L4= L2.
5. The method for obtaining the lowest tide surface model of unknown sea area theory as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), after harmonic constants of all tide divisions of each grid point in the sea area are extracted, combining astronomical parameters related to time of each tide division, intersection point factors and intersection point correcting angles, calculating and forecasting tide levels for years by adopting a classical tide height formula and taking 5 minutes as step length, taking the minimum value of the tide levels, and storing the minimum value in a grid point location file.
6. The method for obtaining the minimum tide surface model of unknown sea area theory as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step (6), triangulation is carried out on the generated grid point file, any point in the sea area is bound to fall into a triangle, the three corner points of the triangle surrounding the point can be used for carrying out interpolation calculation by adopting a distance weighting method when the theoretical lowest tide level of any point in the sea area is calculated, the model is used for calculating the theoretical lowest tide level of the tide station, and the theoretical lowest tide level is compared with the known value of the model to calculate the difference value.
7. The method for obtaining the minimum tide surface model of unknown sea area theory as claimed in claim 6, wherein: triangulation is carried out on the known tide gauging station, the calculated difference value is used as a correction number, and refinement is carried out on grid points in the range, so that the calculated value of the model is equal to the known value, and the manufacture of the lowest tide surface model of the sea area theory is completed.
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| CN102221389A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2011-10-19 | 国家海洋信息中心 | Method for predicting tide-bound water level by combining statistical model and power model |
| CN107883931A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-04-06 | 深圳大学 | Tide rectification method and device, storage medium based on structure instantaneous water level model |
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| CN109033494B (en) * | 2018-06-01 | 2023-11-03 | 上海达华测绘有限公司 | Coastal remote area tide level calculation method |
| CN110727923B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2023-02-24 | 江苏省有色金属华东地质勘查局地球化学勘查与海洋地质调查研究院 | Short-term tide level forecasting method |
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| CN102221389A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2011-10-19 | 国家海洋信息中心 | Method for predicting tide-bound water level by combining statistical model and power model |
| CN107883931A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-04-06 | 深圳大学 | Tide rectification method and device, storage medium based on structure instantaneous water level model |
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