CN113933909B - Method for rapidly determining boundary of split valley basin - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of sedimentary basin construction research, and particularly relates to a method for quickly determining a boundary of a split basin, which comprises the following steps: step one: inverting the undulating form of the top surface of the valley basin foundation or inverting the depth map of the deposited foundation interface of the valley basin foundation by utilizing the residual gravity anomaly of the Bragg grating to carry out gridding treatment; step two: carrying out space analysis on a deposition substrate interface, and extracting an interface contour line; step three: carrying out space analysis on the interface of the gridding deposition substrate in the step one, and extracting the gradient of the interface of the gridding deposition substrate in the step one; step four: calculating the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the third step again; step five: comparing the two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate calculated in the step four; step six: and selecting the contour line where the two are intersected as the boundary of the valley basin. The method is a semi-quantitative analysis method, is more accurate than the prior qualitative characterization of the ground level form of the riffled basin, and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sedimentary basin construction research, and particularly relates to a method for quickly determining a boundary of a split basin.
Background
The riffled basin is a central deep valley which develops in the crust when the rock ring plate moves horizontally away or the mantle is raised in the stretching background and appears symmetrical or asymmetrical in topography. This type of basin develops extensively in the eastern part of china. The split valley basin can be generally divided into a single-break type and a double-break type, wherein one side of the boundary of the single-break split valley basin is limited by a positive fault, and the other side of the boundary of the single-break split valley basin is limited by an upper boundary of a stratum; both sides of the double-break type rift basin are limited by positive faults. Since the split basin is typically not directly exposed to the surface, and is often covered by post-split sediments, the split basin boundaries are not directly determinable. Because the interior of the split basin is low-density sediment, and the exterior of the basin is high-density crystallization substrate or deterioration substrate, the planar morphology of the split basin can be inversely depicted by using a residual Bragg gravity anomaly method for the mapping research of the basin scale (split basin group). However, the gravity inversion of the structure of the split-valley basin is actually a relief form of the top surface of the basin substrate, and is influenced by the selection of the fourier transform wavelength in the inversion process, and can only qualitatively reflect the concave-convex form of the split-valley basin in space, and cannot accurately determine the true boundary of the split-valley basin.
Accordingly, there is a need to devise a method for quickly determining the boundary of a split basin that addresses the above-described deficiencies of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention designs a method for rapidly determining the boundary of a grain splitting basin, which solves the technical problem of low accuracy in qualitative characterization of the ground plane form of the grain splitting basin in the prior art.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method of rapidly determining a boundary of a split valley basin, comprising the steps of:
step one: inverting the undulating form of the top surface of the valley basin substrate or the inverted boundary surface depth map of the valley basin substrate by utilizing the residual Bragg gravity anomaly, and performing gridding treatment to obtain discrete data contents of the boundary surface depth f (x, y) of the substrate of longitude x and latitude y in space;
step two: carrying out space analysis on the deposition substrate interface, and extracting contour lines of the deposition substrate interface;
step three: carrying out space analysis on discrete data of the interface depth f (x, y) of the gridding deposition substrate in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the interface of the gridding deposition substrate in the first step;
step four: performing gradient calculation on the gradient of the deposition substrate interface in the third step;
step five: comparing the available two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate calculated in the step four to obtain a local fracture boundary;
step six: putting the local valley boundary determined in the plane in the fifth step and the contour map extracted in the second step under a map, and selecting the contour map intersected with the local valley boundary and the contour map as the boundary of the valley basin; and finally, extracting the contour line as a complete boundary of the valley basin.
The deposition substrate interface in the second step is the inverted deposition substrate interface in the first step;
the step of extracting the contour line of the deposition substrate interface comprises the following steps: discrete data of the depth f (x, y) of the interface of the deposition substrate are directly extracted by Arcgis software.
And step three: the spatial analysis algorithm for discrete data of the interface depth f (x, y) of the deposition substrate meshed in the step one comprises: represented by the following formula (1):
Z＝aX 2 +bY 2 +cXY+dX+eY+f……………………(1)
wherein: z is the relative elevation of a deposition substrate interface at a certain point on the two-dimensional grid, X is a warp coordinate, and Y is a weft coordinate; the relationship coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f for Z and X, Y determined in equation (1) are determined based on a fit of the spatial coordinates near the point and the corresponding relatively high Cheng Guanji of the deposition substrate interface.
The interface gradient value calculation in the third step is obtained through the calculation of the following formula (2):
wherein the coefficients d and e in the formula (2) are identical to the coefficients d and e fitted in the formula (1).
And step four: the step of calculating the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the step three comprises the following steps: second order derivation is carried out on the formula (1), and the curvature of each point on the grid coordinates X and Y of the interface of the deposition substrate is obtained from the following formula (3):
wherein the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f in the formula (3) matches the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f fitted in the formula (1).
In the fifth step, the comparison is performed at the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and selecting a plurality of two-dimensional seismic sections to project on a curvature map of the top surface of the deposition substrate, and comparing the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic sections with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate.
Comparing the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate, and further comprising: if the identified fracture boundary on the two-dimensional seismic section is consistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic section is consistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature is located, namely, the minimum value of the curvature is considered to be a local fracture boundary on a plane, and the step six is directly carried out;
if the identified fracture boundary on the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the inflection point is required to be manually shifted to the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section, and the fracture boundary is projected to a corresponding plane to serve as a local fracture boundary.
In the sixth step, selecting the contour line of the intersection of the local fracture boundary determined in the fifth step and the deposition substrate interface in the second step as the fracture basin boundary comprises the following steps: and D, putting the local fracture boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under a map frame, and observing which contour line is overlapped with the local fracture boundary, wherein the contour line is used as a complete fracture basin boundary.
In the first step, the step of gridding the undulating form of the top surface of the residual Bragg gravity anomaly inversion valley basin substrate or the inversion valley basin deposition substrate interface depth map comprises the following steps: if the original data is in a picture format, contour lines in the picture are required to be drawn in Arcgis software, values of the contour lines are given to drawn lines, grids are extracted in the Arcgis software after all the drawn lines are assigned, and grid coordinate points f (x, y) of the elevation grid on the top surface of the substrate at any point on the grids can be obtained, wherein x and y are warp coordinates and weft coordinates of the grid points.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for rapidly determining the boundary of the split basin is based on the top surface morphology of the substrate of gravity inversion, and can rapidly and accurately determine the boundary of the split basin by combining a space analysis technology. The method is a semi-quantitative analysis method, is more accurate than the prior qualitative characterization of the ground level form of the riffled basin, and is convenient to operate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for quickly determining a boundary of a split valley basin according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top depth map of a two-basin deposition substrate;
FIG. 3 is a top surface isodepth map of a two-well basin deposition substrate
FIG. 4 is a top surface slope of a two-basin deposition base
FIG. 5 is a graph of curvature of the top surface of a two-basin deposition substrate
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing a seismic profile with a depth profile of a top surface of a deposition substrate
FIG. 7 is a two-way basin split-valley boundary diagram
Detailed Description
A method of quickly determining a boundary of a split basin according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for quickly determining the boundary of the split valley basin according to the design of the invention comprises the following steps:
step one: inverting the undulating form of the top surface of the valley basin substrate or the inverted boundary surface depth map of the valley basin substrate by utilizing the residual Bragg gravity anomaly, and performing gridding treatment to obtain discrete data contents of the boundary surface depth f (x, y) of the substrate of longitude x and latitude y in space;
the step of performing gridding treatment on the undulating form of the top surface of the residual Bragg gravity anomaly inversion valley basin foundation or the inversion valley basin deposition foundation interface depth map comprises the following steps: if the original data is in a picture format, contour lines in the picture are required to be drawn in Arcgis software, values of the contour lines are given to drawn lines, grids are extracted in the Arcgis software after all the drawn lines are assigned, and grid coordinate points f (x, y) of the elevation grid on the top surface of the substrate at any point on the grids can be obtained, wherein x and y are warp coordinates and weft coordinates of the grid points.
Step two: carrying out space analysis on the deposition substrate interface, and extracting contour lines of the deposition substrate interface; the deposition substrate interface in the second step is the inverted deposition substrate interface in the first step;
the step of extracting the contour line of the deposition substrate interface comprises the following steps: discrete data of the depth f (x, y) of the interface of the deposition substrate are directly extracted by Arcgis software.
Step three: carrying out space analysis on discrete data of the interface depth f (x, y) of the gridding deposition substrate in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the interface of the gridding deposition substrate in the first step;
the spatial analysis algorithm for discrete data of the interface depth f (x, y) of the deposition substrate meshed in the step one comprises the following steps: represented by the following formula (1):
Z＝aX 2 +bY 2 +cXY+dX+eY+f……………………(1)
wherein: z is the relative elevation of a deposition substrate interface at a certain point on the two-dimensional grid, X is a warp coordinate, and Y is a weft coordinate; the relationship coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f for Z and X, Y determined in equation (1) are determined based on a fit of the spatial coordinates near the point and the corresponding relatively high Cheng Guanji of the deposition substrate interface.
The interface gradient value calculation in the third step is obtained through the calculation of the following formula (2):
wherein the coefficients d and e in the formula (2) are identical to the coefficients d and e fitted in the formula (1).
Step four: and (3) calculating the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the third step again, wherein the gradient calculation comprises the following steps: second order derivation is carried out on the formula (1), and the curvature of each point on the grid coordinates X and Y of the interface of the deposition substrate is obtained from the following formula (3):
wherein the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f in the formula (3) matches the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f fitted in the formula (1).
Step five: comparing the available two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate calculated in the step four to obtain a local fracture boundary; the comparison of the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate specifically comprises the following steps: and selecting a plurality of two-dimensional seismic sections to project on a curvature map of the top surface of the deposition substrate, and comparing the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic sections with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate.
Comparing the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate, and further comprising: if the identified fracture boundary on the two-dimensional seismic section is consistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic section is consistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature is located, namely, the minimum value of the curvature is considered to be a local fracture boundary on a plane, and the step six is directly carried out;
if the identified fracture boundary on the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the inflection point is required to be manually shifted to the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section, and the fracture boundary is projected to a corresponding plane to serve as a local fracture boundary.
Step six: putting the local valley boundary determined in the plane in the fifth step and the contour map extracted in the second step under a map, and selecting the contour map intersected with the local valley boundary and the contour map as the boundary of the valley basin; and finally, extracting the contour line as a complete boundary of the valley basin.
The selecting the contour line of the intersection of the local valley boundary determined in the fifth step and the deposition substrate interface in the second step as the valley basin boundary comprises the following steps: and D, putting the local fracture boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under a map frame, and observing which contour line is overlapped with the local fracture boundary, wherein the contour line is used as a complete fracture basin boundary.
Examples:
the invention is described in further detail below in connection with examples of bi-modal early chalky valley boundary identification. In the first step, the depth fluctuation shape graph (fig. 2) of the top surface of the valley basin substrate is inverted by utilizing the residual gravity anomaly, and gridding processing is carried out to obtain the data content of f (x, y). I.e., f (x, y) is the elevation of the top surface of the substrate at a point on the grid, and x and y are the warp and weft coordinates of the grid point.
Step two: the deposition substrate interface was spatially analyzed in Arcgis software to extract contours of the interface, as shown in fig. 3.
And thirdly, performing spatial analysis on the gridded deposition substrate interface f (x, y) in the first step, and fitting coefficients a, b, c, d, e, f of points on the grid space according to the formula (1). And then calculating the gradient of each point on the top surface of the two-connected basin deposition substrate in the grid space according to the formula (2), as shown in figure 4.
Step four: calculating the curvature of each point on the grid space according to the formula (3) on the basis of the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f of each point on the grid obtained in the step three, as shown in fig. 5;
step five: 4 two-dimensional seismic sections are selected and projected onto the curvature map of the top surface of the two-connected basin deposition substrate as shown in FIG. 5. By comparing the two-dimensional seismic profile, the manually identified fracture boundary is found to be more consistent with the position with curvature less than 0.01 calculated in FIG. 5, and the black solid line in FIG. 5 is the position of the two-dimensional seismic profile; it is therefore believed that a threshold value of the deposition substrate top surface curvature map <0.01 may be used as a reference for the lobe boundary.
In fig. 6, the dotted line indicates the depth of the interface of the top surface of the substrate, and the blue circle indicates the inflection point of the depth curve, which corresponds to the curvature <0.01 in the plan view.
Step six: the grid with curvature less than 0.01 in fig. 5 is extracted, the intersection point of the grid and the contour line in fig. 4 is observed, and the contour line where the intersection point is located is selected as a crack boundary. The contour boundaries are extracted to complete the characterization of all the split basin boundaries in the basin, as shown in FIG. 7.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for rapidly determining the boundary of a split basin, comprising the steps of:
step one: inverting the undulating form of the top surface of the substrate of the valley basin or the inverted substrate interface depth map of the substrate of the valley basin by utilizing the residual gravity anomaly of the Bragg grating, and performing gridding treatment to obtain discrete data contents of the substrate interface depth f (X, Y) of the deposition of longitude X and latitude Y in space;
step two: carrying out space analysis on the deposition substrate interface, and extracting contour lines of the deposition substrate interface;
step three: performing spatial analysis on discrete data of the interface depth f (X, Y) of the gridding deposition substrate in the first step, and extracting the gradient of the interface of the gridding deposition substrate in the first step;
step four: performing gradient calculation on the gradient of the deposition substrate interface in the third step;
step five: comparing the available two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate calculated in the step four to obtain a local fracture boundary;
and step three: performing a spatial analysis algorithm on the discrete data of the interface depth f (X, Y) of the deposition substrate meshed in the step one, wherein the method comprises the following steps: represented by the following formula (1):
Z＝aX 2 +bY 2 +cXY+dX+eY+f……………………(1)
wherein: z is the relative elevation of a deposition substrate interface at a certain point on the two-dimensional grid, X is a warp coordinate, and Y is a weft coordinate; the relationship coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f of the Z and X, Y is determined in the formula (1) according to the fitting of the spatial coordinates near the point and the corresponding relative height Cheng Guanji of the deposition substrate interface;
the interface gradient value calculation in the third step is obtained through the calculation of the following formula (2):
wherein the coefficients d and e in the formula (2) are identical to the coefficients d and e fitted in the formula (1);
and step four: and (3) calculating the gradient of the interface of the deposition substrate in the third step, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: second order derivation is carried out on the formula (1), and the curvature of each point on the grid coordinates X and Y of the interface of the deposition substrate is obtained from the following formula (3):
wherein the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f in formula (3) matches the coefficient a, b, c, d, e, f fitted in formula (1);
step six: putting the local valley boundary determined in the plane in the fifth step and the contour map extracted in the second step under a map, and selecting the contour map intersected with the local valley boundary and the contour map as the boundary of the valley basin; and finally, extracting the contour line as a complete boundary of the valley basin.
2. A method of quickly determining a boundary of a split-valley basin according to claim 1, wherein: the deposition substrate interface in the second step is the inverted deposition substrate interface in the first step;
the step of extracting the contour line of the deposition substrate interface comprises the following steps: discrete data of the depth f (X, Y) of the interface of the deposition substrate are directly extracted by Arcgis software.
3. A method of quickly determining a boundary of a split-valley basin as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the fifth step, the comparison is performed at the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
and selecting a plurality of two-dimensional seismic sections to project on a curvature map of the top surface of the deposition substrate, and comparing the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic sections with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate.
4. A method of rapidly determining a boundary of a split-valley basin according to claim 3, wherein: comparing the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section with the minimum value of the interface curvature of the deposition substrate, and further comprising: if the identified fracture boundary on the two-dimensional seismic section is consistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the two-dimensional seismic section is consistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature is located, namely, the minimum value of the curvature is considered to be a local fracture boundary on a plane, and the step six is directly carried out;
if the identified fracture boundary on the two-dimensional seismic section is inconsistent with the area where the minimum value of the curvature of the deposition substrate interface is less than 0.01, the inflection point is required to be manually shifted to the fracture boundary identified on the two-dimensional seismic section, and the fracture boundary is projected to a corresponding plane to serve as a local fracture boundary.
5. The method for quickly determining a boundary of a split-valley basin according to claim 4, wherein: in the sixth step, selecting the contour line, which is intersected by the local fracture boundary determined in the fifth step and the deposition substrate interface in the second step, as the fracture basin boundary, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and D, putting the local fracture boundary determined in the plane in the step five and the contour map extracted in the step two under a map frame, and observing which contour line is overlapped with the local fracture boundary, wherein the contour line is used as a complete fracture basin boundary.
6. A method of quickly determining a boundary of a split-valley basin according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, the step of gridding the undulating form of the top surface of the residual Bragg gravity anomaly inversion valley basin substrate or the inversion valley basin deposition substrate interface depth map comprises the following steps: if the original data is in a picture format, contour lines in the picture need to be drawn in Arcgis software, values of the contour lines are given to drawn lines, grids are extracted in Arcgis software after all the drawn lines are assigned, and the depth f (X, Y) of a deposition substrate interface of any point on the grids can be obtained, wherein X and Y are warp coordinates and weft coordinates of the grid points.
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