CN113933092A - Comprehensive detection method and detection system for middle and lower layer soil - Google Patents
Comprehensive detection method and detection system for middle and lower layer soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN113933092A CN113933092A CN202111094199.5A CN202111094199A CN113933092A CN 113933092 A CN113933092 A CN 113933092A CN 202111094199 A CN202111094199 A CN 202111094199A CN 113933092 A CN113933092 A CN 113933092A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 90
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 238000005527 soil sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 14
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- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
- G01N1/08—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting involving an extracting tool, e.g. core bit
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
- B65D25/02—Internal fittings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D25/00—Details of other kinds or types of rigid or semi-rigid containers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/18—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents providing specific environment for contents, e.g. temperature above or below ambient
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
- B65D81/38—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents with thermal insulation
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- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2866—Grinding or homogeneising
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- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
- G01N2001/2873—Cutting or cleaving
Abstract
The invention discloses a comprehensive detection method and a comprehensive detection system for middle and lower layer soil, which are characterized in that the middle and lower layer soil of a plurality of sampling points is collected at the sampling points; crushing and screening the collected soil sample to remove foreign matters in the soil sample; storing the collected soil sample at low temperature, and simultaneously collecting unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize in the soil sample; carrying out air drying and grinding treatment on the soil sample to obtain soil sample particles with fine particles; soil sample granule after will becoming more meticulous the processing adds a small amount one by one in to the extraction solution to make soil sample granule and extraction solution intensive mixing even through the stirring simultaneously, in order to carry out soil sample pretreatment to the detected place, the overall process is high-efficient quick, reduces the soil component damage, promotes extraction efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of soil detection, and particularly relates to a comprehensive detection method and a comprehensive detection system for middle and lower layer soil.
Background
Soil detection requires the steps of sampling, crushing, storing, grinding, extracting and detecting soil at a sampling point, and in the series of processes, soil particles in the steps need to be processed.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a comprehensive detection method and a comprehensive detection system for middle and lower soil layers, which are used for carrying out detection pretreatment on a soil sample.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a comprehensive detection method for middle and lower layer soil comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning upper soil at the sampling points, and collecting middle and lower soil of the sampling points;
s2: crushing and screening the collected soil sample to remove large-volume soil blocks, gravels and fabric root foreign matters in the soil sample;
s3: storing the collected soil sample at low temperature, and simultaneously collecting unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize in the soil sample;
s4: carrying out air drying and grinding treatment on the soil sample to obtain soil sample particles with fine particles;
s5: and adding the refined soil sample particles into the extraction solution in a small amount one by one, and simultaneously stirring to fully and uniformly mix the soil sample particles and the extraction solution.
The utility model provides a detecting system of well lower floor soil combined detection method, includes soil sampling device, soil sieving device, soil sample save set, soil grinder and mixed extraction device, soil sampling device samples soil sample, the soil sieving device sieves the soil sample that soil sampling device acquireed, the soil sample after the soil sample save set preserves the screening, soil air-dries grinder ground soil granule, mixed extraction device mixes ground soil granule and extract liquid.
Furthermore, the soil sampling device comprises a supporting seat, a displacement adjusting mechanism, a first lifting mechanism, a surface soil cleaning mechanism, a second lifting mechanism and a soil sampling mechanism, wherein the displacement adjusting mechanism is transversely arranged on the supporting seat, the displacement adjusting mechanism is provided with the first lifting mechanism and the second lifting mechanism, the first lifting mechanism is provided with the surface soil cleaning mechanism, and the second lifting mechanism is provided with the soil sampling mechanism;
the surface soil cleaning mechanism comprises a first driving motor arranged on the lifting end of the first lifting mechanism and a cleaning disc arranged on an output shaft of the first driving motor; the cleaning disc in a rotating state cleans surface soil downwards or moves upwards through a first lifting mechanism; the cleaning disc comprises a cutter disc arranged on an output shaft of the first driving motor and a plurality of cutter plates arranged on an outer ring of the cutter disc in a circumferential array mode.
Further, soil sampling mechanism includes second driving motor, guide cylinder and spiral lifting rod, second driving motor sets up and serves at second elevating system's lift, the coaxial spiral lifting rod that is provided with of second driving motor's output, the coaxial guide cylinder that is provided with in the outside of spiral lifting rod, just the relative fixed setting of guide cylinder is served at second elevating system's lift.
Furthermore, the soil sieving device comprises a fixed bottom plate, a movable plate, fixed blades, movable blades and a collecting box, wherein the fixed blades are arranged on the upper wall surface of the fixed bottom plate, the movable plate is arranged above the fixed bottom plate at intervals, the movable blades are arranged on the bottom wall of the movable plate, the movable blades and the fixed blades are arranged in a staggered mode, the movable plate is arranged in a parallel reciprocating displacement mode relative to the fixed bottom plate, a plurality of sieve holes are formed in the fixed bottom plate in a penetrating mode, and the collecting box is arranged below the fixed bottom plate;
the fixed bottom plate is provided with a reciprocating linear displacement mechanism, and the displacement end of the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism is detachably connected with the movable plate; the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism drives the movable plate to displace in parallel to the fixed bottom plate.
Furthermore, the periphery of the fixed bottom plate is provided with a baffle perpendicular to the fixed bottom plate, and the movable plate is supported on the baffle; one end of the baffle in the moving direction of the movable plate is provided with a mounting opening, and the movable blade moves out or moves into the position right above the fixed bottom plate through the mounting opening; the installation port is internally provided with a turning plate, the turning plate is adjusted and arranged in the vertical plane in a rotating mode around a shaft, and the installation port is closed or opened through the turning plate.
Further, the soil sample storage device comprises a storage container, a heat insulation layer, an inner support frame, a sample container and a refrigeration assembly, wherein the heat insulation layer is attached to the inner cavity of the storage container, the inner support frame is arranged on the inner side of the heat insulation layer, an installation cavity is formed in the middle of the inner support frame, the refrigeration assembly is arranged in the installation cavity, a plurality of sample cavities are circumferentially distributed on the outer ring of the installation cavity on the inner support frame, and the sample container is arranged in the sample cavity;
the wall of the sample container is communicated with a conduction joint, the outer side of the sample container is provided with a volatile gas collecting body, and the volatile gas collecting body is detachably connected to the conduction joint; the volatile gas collecting body collects the volatile gas in the sample container; the volatile gas collection body is an inflatable balloon.
Furthermore, the mixed extraction device comprises a leaching container, a soil container, a discharging rod and a stirring rod, wherein the soil container is arranged at an opening at the top of the leaching container, a leakage outlet is formed in the bottom of the soil container corresponding to the leaching container, one end of the discharging rod penetrates through the leakage outlet in a coaxial clearance and extends into an inner cavity of the leaching container, and the stirring rod is vertically arranged at one end of the discharging rod extending into the leaching container; the discharging rod rotates around the shaft and drives soil particles in the leakage port to flow downwards to a stirring area of the stirring rod.
Furthermore, a smashing blade is arranged on the discharging rod body corresponding to the leakage opening, and the smashing blade is arranged in the leakage opening or arranged above the leakage opening in a clearance mode; the discharging rod is characterized by further comprising a support, the other end of the discharging rod is rotatably arranged on the support, and a rotary driving mechanism is arranged on the support.
Furthermore, a telescopic driving mechanism is further arranged on the support, and the discharging rod is axially movably displaced in a reciprocating manner through the telescopic driving mechanism;
a rotary sleeve is arranged on the support in a circumferential rotating mode, the rotary sleeve is sleeved on the outer side of the discharging rod, the rotary sleeve and the discharging rod are fixed in the circumferential direction and are axially movably arranged, and the rotary sleeve is arranged in a rotary driving mode through a rotary driving mechanism; the discharging rod axially displaces while rotating;
the telescopic driving mechanism comprises a driving disc, the driving disc is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary driving mechanism, an included angle is formed between the disc surface of the driving disc and the discharging rod, one end, positioned above the rotary sleeve, of the discharging rod comprises a limiting groove coaxial with the discharging rod, and the edge of the outer circle of the driving disc extends into the limiting groove; and the driving disc rotates around the shaft to drive the discharging rod to perform reciprocating displacement along the axial direction.
Has the advantages that: the upper layer soil is cleaned at the sampling points, and the middle-lower layer soil of the plurality of sampling points is collected; crushing and screening the collected soil sample to remove large-volume soil blocks, gravels and fabric root foreign matters in the soil sample; storing the collected soil sample at low temperature, and simultaneously collecting unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize in the soil sample; carrying out air drying and grinding treatment on the soil sample to obtain soil sample particles with fine particles; soil sample granule after will becoming more meticulous the processing adds a small amount one by one in to the extraction solution to make soil sample granule and extraction solution intensive mixing even through the stirring simultaneously, in order to carry out soil sample pretreatment to the detected place, the overall process is high-efficient quick, reduces the soil component damage, promotes extraction efficiency.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the integrated treatment process of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the overall structure of the soil sampling device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a soil sampling device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the soil screening device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a soil screening device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the soil screening apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic half-section view of a soil sample storage device of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a top view of the internal structure of the soil sample retention device of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the overall structure of the hybrid extraction apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic half-sectional view of a hybrid extraction apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is an enlarged view of a portion A of the mixing and extracting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the structure of part B of the mixing and extracting apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the telescopic driving mechanism of the mixing and extracting apparatus of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning upper soil at the sampling points, and collecting middle and lower soil of the sampling points;
s2: crushing and screening the collected soil sample to remove large-volume soil blocks, gravels and fabric root foreign matters in the soil sample;
s3: storing the collected soil sample at low temperature, and simultaneously collecting unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize in the soil sample;
s4: carrying out air drying and grinding treatment on the soil sample to obtain soil sample particles with fine particles;
s5: and adding the refined soil sample particles into the extraction solution in a small amount one by one, and simultaneously stirring to fully and uniformly mix the soil sample particles and the extraction solution.
As shown in fig. 2 to 13, the detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the middle and lower soil layers comprises a soil sampling device, a soil sieving device, a soil sample storage device, a soil grinding device and a mixing extraction device, wherein the soil sampling device samples soil samples, the soil sieving device sieves the soil samples obtained by the soil sampling device, the soil sample storage device stores the screened soil samples, the soil air-drying grinding device grinds soil particles, the stored soil samples are ground through a grinding bowl or a grinding disc after being air-dried, and the mixing extraction device mixes the ground soil particles and extraction liquid.
As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the soil sampling device includes a supporting seat 1.1, a displacement adjusting mechanism 1.2, a first lifting mechanism 1.3, a surface soil cleaning mechanism 1.4, a second lifting mechanism 1.5 and a soil sampling mechanism 1.6, the displacement adjusting mechanism 1.2 is transversely arranged on the supporting seat 1.1, the displacement adjusting mechanism 1.2 is provided with a first lifting mechanism 1.3 and a second lifting mechanism 1.5, the displacement adjusting mechanism 1.2, the first lifting mechanism 1.3 and the second lifting mechanism 1.5 are all electric screw mechanisms, the first lifting mechanism 1.3 is provided with a surface soil cleaning mechanism 1.4 for cleaning surface soil and sundries needing to be sampled, and the second lifting mechanism 1.5 is provided with a soil sampling mechanism 1.6 for collecting soil samples after surface cleaning of sampling points. Can replace artifical treating the collection area before soil sample gathers and carry out the top layer clearance, reduce intensity of labour, promote efficiency.
The surface soil cleaning mechanism 1.4 comprises a first driving motor 1.7 arranged at the lifting end of the first lifting mechanism 1.3 and a cleaning disc 1.8 arranged on the output shaft of the first driving motor 1.7; the cleaning disc 1.8 in the rotation state can clean the surface soil downwards or move upwards through the first lifting mechanism 1.3. Clearance dish 1.8 is in including setting up cutterhead 1.9 and a plurality of circumference array on a driving motor output shaft cutterhead 1.10 on the cutterhead 1.9 outer lane, the cutting board is the rectangle blade for strike off top soil.
Soil sampling mechanism 1.6 includes second driving motor 1.11, guide cylinder 1.12 and spiral lifting rod 1.13, second driving motor 1.11 sets up on second elevating system's lift is served, the coaxial spiral lifting rod 1.13 that is provided with of second driving motor's output, the coaxial guide cylinder 1.12 that is provided with in the outside of spiral lifting rod 1.13, just the relative fixed setting of guide cylinder 1.12 is served in the lift of second elevating system. When soil is collected, the guide cylinder 1.12 and the spiral lifting rod 1.13 simultaneously move downwards, so that the soil is quickly lifted upwards, and the sampling soil interference caused by collapse and the like due to falling of soil particles on the wall of the sampling hole channel is prevented from being mixed.
The top of guide cylinder 1.12 sets up for sealing, just sampling discharge gate 1.14 has been seted up corresponding to spiral lifting rod 1.13 on the circumference wall body of guide cylinder 1.12, just sampling discharge gate 1.14 is towards deviating from one side of supporting seat, sampling discharge gate 1.14 sets up outwards, is convenient for collect the sample soil.
Be provided with degree of depth scale 1.15 along the axis direction on the outer wall of guide cylinder 1.12 to carry out soil collection to the soil horizon of the different degree of depth.
Be provided with counterweight 1.16 on the supporting seat 1.1, supporting seat 1.1 is L type plate structure, makes the focus of whole mechanism to one side skew of counterweight 1.16 through counterweight 1.16, guarantees top layer soil clearance mechanism and soil acquisition mechanism and at the stability of during operation, and wherein counterweight 1.16 is the group battery or generator for supply power to driving motor.
A walking device is arranged below the supporting seat 1.1, so that the whole device can move, and soil sample collection can be performed on different collection points conveniently.
As shown in fig. 4 to 6, the soil sieving device includes a fixed base plate 2.1, a movable plate 2.2, a fixed blade 2.3, a movable blade 2.4 and a collecting box 2.5, wherein a plurality of fixed blades 2.3 are arranged in a rectangular array on the upper wall surface of the fixed base plate 2.1, the movable plate 2.2 is arranged above the fixed base plate 2.1 at intervals, a plurality of movable blades 2.4 are arranged in a rectangular array on the bottom wall of the movable plate 2.2, and a plurality of movable blades 2.4 and a plurality of fixed blades 2.3 are arranged in a staggered manner, the movable plate 2.2 is arranged in a parallel reciprocating displacement manner relative to the fixed base plate 2.1, when the movable plate 2.2 is movably displaced relative to the fixed base plate 2.1, the movable blades 2.4 follow and shear relative to the fixed blades, so as to crush soil blocks, and is suitable for upper soil in the ground or sample soil with low humidity, and can sieve sundries in the sample soil rapidly, a plurality of sieve meshes 2.6 are arranged on the fixed base plate 2.1 in a run-through manner, and a collecting box 2.5 is arranged below the fixed base plate 2.1.
A reciprocating linear displacement mechanism 2.8 is arranged on the fixed bottom plate 2.1, and the displacement end of the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism 2.8 is detachably connected with the movable plate 2.2; the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism 2.8 drives the movable plate 2.2 to be parallel to the fixed bottom plate 2.1 for displacement, and the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism 2.8 is an electric screw rod mechanism or a telescopic cylinder and the like.
The soil sample on the PMKD can be enclosed and kept off through baffle 2.7, simultaneously the bearing fly leaf to being provided with the baffle 2.7 of perpendicular to PMKD 2.1 on the profile all around of PMKD 2.1, fly leaf 2.2 supports and sets up on baffle 2.7, can enclose the fender to the soil sample on the PMKD through baffle 2.7.
One end of the baffle 2.7 in the moving direction of the movable plate 2.2 is provided with a mounting opening 2.9, and the movable blade 2.4 moves out or moves in to the position right above the fixed bottom plate 2.1 through the mounting opening 2.9. The utility model discloses a sample soil sample 2.2 then install the fly leaf 2.10.
The fixed base plate 2.1 or the baffle 2.7 are provided with guide plates 2.11, the guide plates 2.11 are distributed on two sides of the movable plate 2.2 in the displacement direction, and the movable plate 2.2 is guided by the guide plates 2.11 in the displacement direction. The guide plate 2.11 is an L-shaped plate structure, and is used for guiding the movable plate 2.2 and limiting the position of the movable plate in the vertical direction.
And a shock excitation device 2.12 is arranged below the fixed base plate 2.1, so that the soil particles on the fixed base plate 2.1 are uniformly paved and sieve meshes are screened.
The movable plate 2.2 is provided with a hot air flow inlet 2.13 for increasing temperature air flow in soil, reducing the moisture content of the soil and being more beneficial to the decomposition and crushing of the soil.
As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the soil sample storage device comprises a storage container 3.1, a heat preservation layer 3.2, an inner support frame 3.3, a sample container 3.4 and a refrigeration assembly 3.5, wherein the storage container 3.1 is of a barrel-type structure, an upper cover is arranged at an opening at the top end of the storage container, the heat preservation layer 3.2 is attached to an inner cavity of the storage container 3.1, such as heat preservation cotton, the inner side of the heat preservation layer 3.2 is provided with the cylindrical inner support frame 3.3, an installation cavity 3.6 is formed in the middle of the inner support frame 3.3, the refrigeration assembly 3.5 is arranged in the installation cavity 3.6, a plurality of sample cavities 3.7 are formed in the inner support frame 3.3 and located on the outer ring circumference of the installation cavity 3.6, and the sample containers 3.4 are arranged in the sample cavities 3.7. Keep warm to preserving the container through the heat preservation, the refrigeration subassembly that is located the intermediate position can be abundant and even carries out low temperature treatment to each sample container in the cavity, avoids local temperature to hang down excessively or too high phenomenon, and the original soil characteristic of each soil sample of effectual assurance guarantees that the sequent testing result is accurate.
The intercommunication is provided with on sample container 3.4's the wall and switches on joint 3.8, sample container 3.4's the outside is provided with volatile gaseous collection body 3.9, volatile gaseous collection body 3.9 detachable connects on switch on joint 3.8, volatile gaseous collection body 3.9 is the inflatable gasbag, like the balloon etc., volatile gaseous collection body 3.9 collects the gas of volatilizing in sample container 3.4, owing to unstable component easy degradation, collects volatile gaseous through volatile gaseous collection body 3.9, can promote the detection accuracy when the subsequence is examined.
The sample container 3.4 sets up and constitutes holding chamber 3.10 with the top interval of preserving container 3.1, volatile gas collection body 3.9 sets up in holding chamber 3.10.
Refrigeration subassembly 3.5 includes compressor 3.11 and a plurality of parallel connection condenser pipe 3.12 on compressor 3.11, and is a plurality of condenser pipe 3.12 corresponds the setting respectively in each sample chamber 3.7, just sample container 3.4 sets up and constitutes annular low temperature chamber 3.13 with the inner wall interval of sample chamber 3.7 to do benefit to the air conditioning diffusion, the concave groove structure who supplies condenser pipe 3.12 to pass through that is equipped with of inner wall of sample chamber 3.7, make condenser pipe 3.12 can communicate in low temperature chamber 3.13.
At least one group of shock absorption rings 3.16 are arranged in the low-temperature cavity 3.13, and the shock absorption rings 3.16 are made of foam materials and used for supporting and fixing the sample container 3.4 and also used for shock absorption.
A limiting block 3.14 is arranged at the top end of the outer wall of the sample container 3.4, the limiting block 3.14 is of a T-shaped cross section structure, and a limiting groove 3.15 is concavely arranged on the upper surface of the inner support frame 3.3 corresponding to the limiting block 3.14 so as to further prevent the sample container from moving.
As shown in fig. 9 to 12, the mixed extraction device includes a leaching container 4.1, a soil container 4.2, a discharge rod 4.3 and a stirring rod 4.4, the top opening of the leaching container 4.1 is provided with the soil container 4.2, the bottom of the soil container 4.2 is provided with a leakage outlet 4.5 corresponding to the leaching container 4.1, the soil container is in a funnel-shaped structure, one end of the discharge rod 4.3 coaxially penetrates through the leakage outlet 4.5 and extends into an inner cavity of the leaching container 4.1, and one end of the discharge rod 4.3 extending into the leaching container is vertically provided with the stirring rod 4.4; still include support 4.7, the other end of discharge arm 4.3 rotates the setting on support 4.7, just be provided with rotary driving mechanism on the support 4.7, discharge arm 4.3 is around the rotation of axle and the soil granule in the drive hourglass export 4.5 flows out downwards to the stirring area of puddler 4.4. Soil particles in the soil container can be more refined and uniformly sprinkled into the leaching container through the rotation of the discharging rod, and are timely and quickly stirred and mixed through the stirring rod when contacting with the extracting agent, so that the phenomenon of soil particle agglomeration and lump accumulation is avoided, and the mixing sufficiency and high efficiency of the soil particles and the extracting agent can be improved.
Discharge arm 4 is provided with the fragmentation blade 4.6 on the body of rod corresponding to leaking mouthful 4.5, fragmentation blade 4.6 is saw bit column structure, just fragmentation blade 4.6 sets up in leaking mouthful 4.5 or the clearance setting is in the top that leaks mouthful 4.5. When the discharge rod 4.3 is rotated, the crushing blades can crush the soil particles passing through the discharge opening 4.5, preventing them from coalescing.
The rotary driving mechanism comprises a driving motor 4.13 and a driving gear 4.12, a telescopic driving mechanism is further arranged on the support 4.7, the discharging rod 4.3 can move in a reciprocating mode along the axial direction through the telescopic driving mechanism, and can move in the axial direction when rotating, on one hand, soil particles in the soil container can be enabled to pass through the leaking port more easily, and on the other hand, the stirring rod 4.4 moving in the reciprocating mode along the axial direction can enable the soil particles in the leaching container to be mixed with extraction liquid more fully.
A rotary sleeve 4.8 is arranged on the support 4.7 in a circumferential rotating mode, the rotary sleeve 4.8 is axially fixedly arranged relative to the support 4.7, the rotary sleeve is of an I-shaped cross section structure, the rotary sleeve 4.8 is sleeved on the outer side of the discharging rod 4.3, the rotary sleeve 4.8 and the discharging rod 4.3 are circumferentially fixed and axially movably arranged, the outer wall of the rotary sleeve 4.8 comprises outer gear teeth, the rotating ratio of the rotary sleeve to a driving gear 4.12 is 1:1, and the rotary sleeve 4.8 is arranged in a rotary driving mode through a rotary driving mechanism; the discharge rod 4.3 is axially displaced while rotating. The discharging rod 4.3 is provided with an outer spline section 4.11, and the inner wall of the rotary sleeve 4.8 is provided with an inner spline structure along the axial direction.
The telescopic driving mechanism comprises a driving disc 4.9, the driving disc 4.9 is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary driving mechanism, the disc surface of the driving disc 4.9 and a discharging rod 4.3 form an included angle, one end of the discharging rod 4.3, which is positioned above the rotary sleeve, comprises a limiting groove 4.10 which is coaxial with the discharging rod, and the edge of the excircle of the driving disc 4.9 extends into the limiting groove 4.10; the driving disc 4.9 rotates around the shaft to drive the discharging rod 4.3 to reciprocate along the axial direction. The same driving motor drives the discharging rod to rotate and axially displace.
As shown in fig. 13, the telescopic driving mechanism further comprises another embodiment: including driving-disc 4.9, driving-disc 4.9 sets up on rotary drive mechanism's output shaft, and the quotation of driving-disc 4.9 and discharge rod 4.3 are the contained angle setting, the one end that discharge rod 4.3 is located the rotary sleeve top is provided with the end plate, be provided with reset spring 4.15 between end plate and the rotary sleeve, reset spring overlaps and establishes the outside at the discharge rod, the outer fringe of driving-disc 4.9 supports the top of pressing contact at the end plate, and when square driving-disc rotated, the drive discharge rod 4.3 was along axial displacement.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A comprehensive detection method for middle and lower layer soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: cleaning upper soil at the sampling points, and collecting middle and lower soil of the sampling points;
s2: crushing and screening the collected soil sample to remove large-volume soil blocks, gravels and fabric root foreign matters in the soil sample;
s3: storing the collected soil sample at low temperature, and simultaneously collecting unstable components which are easy to decompose or volatilize in the soil sample;
s4: carrying out air drying and grinding treatment on the soil sample to obtain soil sample particles with fine particles;
s5: and adding the refined soil sample particles into the extraction solution in a small amount one by one, and simultaneously stirring to fully and uniformly mix the soil sample particles and the extraction solution.
2. The detection system for implementing the comprehensive detection method of the soil of the middle and lower layers as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: including soil sampling device, soil sieving device, soil sample save set, soil grinder and mixed extraction device, soil sampling device sampling soil sample, soil sieving device sieves the soil sample that soil sampling device acquireed, soil sample after the soil sample save set preserves the screening, soil air-dries grinder ground soil granule, mix soil granule and extract after the extraction device mixes.
3. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: the soil sampling device comprises a supporting seat (1.1), a displacement adjusting mechanism (1.2), a first lifting mechanism (1.3), a surface soil cleaning mechanism (1.4), a second lifting mechanism (1.5) and a soil sampling mechanism (1.6), wherein the displacement adjusting mechanism (1.2) is transversely arranged on the supporting seat (1.1), the displacement adjusting mechanism (1.2) is provided with the first lifting mechanism (1.3) and the second lifting mechanism (1.5), the first lifting mechanism (1.3) is provided with the surface soil cleaning mechanism (1.4), and the second lifting mechanism (1.5) is provided with the soil sampling mechanism (1.6);
the surface soil cleaning mechanism (1.4) comprises a first driving motor (1.7) arranged at the lifting end of the first lifting mechanism (1.3) and a cleaning disc (1.8) arranged on the output shaft of the first driving motor (1.7); the cleaning disc (1.8) in a rotation state can be used for cleaning surface soil downwards or displacing upwards through the first lifting mechanism (1.3); clearance dish (1.8) are in including setting up cutterhead (1.9) and a plurality of circumference array on first driving motor output shaft cutterhead (1.9) outer lane on cutting board (1.10).
4. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 3, characterized in that: soil sampling mechanism (1.6) includes second driving motor (1.11), guide cylinder (1.12) and spiral lifting rod (1.13), second driving motor (1.11) set up on second elevating system's lift is served, second driving motor's the coaxial spiral lifting rod (1.13) that is provided with of output, the coaxial guide cylinder (1.12) that is provided with in the outside of spiral lifting rod (1.13), just the relatively fixed setting of guide cylinder (1.12) is served at second elevating system's lift.
5. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: the soil sieving device comprises a fixed base plate (2.1), a movable plate (2.2), fixed blades (2.3), movable blades (2.4) and a collecting box (2.5), wherein the upper wall surface of the fixed base plate (2.1) is provided with the fixed blades (2.3), the movable plate (2.2) is arranged above the fixed base plate (2.1) at intervals, the bottom wall of the movable plate (2.2) is provided with the movable blades (2.4), the movable blades (2.4) and the fixed blades (2.3) are arranged in a staggered mode, the movable plate (2.2) is arranged in a parallel reciprocating displacement mode relative to the fixed base plate (2.1), the fixed base plate (2.1) is provided with a plurality of sieve holes (2.6) in a run-through mode, and the collecting box (2.5) is arranged below the fixed base plate (2.1);
a reciprocating linear displacement mechanism (2.8) is arranged on the fixed bottom plate (2.1), and the displacement end of the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism (2.8) is detachably connected with the movable plate (2.2); the reciprocating linear displacement mechanism (2.8) drives the movable plate (2.2) to displace in parallel with the fixed bottom plate (2.1).
6. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 5, characterized in that: the periphery of the fixed bottom plate (2.1) is provided with a baffle (2.7) vertical to the fixed bottom plate (2.1), and the movable plate (2.2) is supported on the baffle (2.7); one end of the baffle (2.7) in the moving direction of the movable plate (2.2) is provided with a mounting opening (2.9), and the movable blade (2.4) moves out or moves into the position right above the fixed bottom plate (2.1) through the mounting opening (2.9); a turning plate (2.10) is arranged in the mounting opening (2.9), the turning plate (2.10) is adjusted and arranged in a vertical plane in a rotating mode around a shaft, and the mounting opening (2.9) is closed or opened through the turning plate (2.10).
7. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: the soil sample storage device comprises a storage container (3.1), a heat insulation layer (3.2), an inner support frame (3.3), a sample container (3.4) and a refrigeration assembly (3.5), wherein the heat insulation layer (3.2) is attached to the inner cavity of the storage container (3.1), the inner support frame (3.3) is arranged on the inner side of the heat insulation layer (3.2), a mounting cavity (3.6) is formed in the middle of the inner support frame (3.3), the refrigeration assembly (3.5) is arranged in the mounting cavity (3.6), a plurality of sample cavities (3.7) are distributed on the inner support frame (3.3) and located on the outer ring circumference of the mounting cavity (3.6), and the sample container (3.4) is arranged in the sample cavity (3.7);
a conducting connector (3.8) is communicated with the wall of the sample container (3.4), a volatile gas collecting body (3.9) is arranged on the outer side of the sample container (3.4), and the volatile gas collecting body (3.9) is detachably connected to the conducting connector (3.8); the volatile gas collecting body (3.9) collects the volatile gas in the sample container (3.4); the volatile gas collector (3.9) is an inflatable balloon.
8. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 2, characterized in that: the mixed extraction device comprises a leaching container (4.1), a soil container (4.2), a discharging rod (4.3) and a stirring rod (4.4), wherein the soil container (4.2) is arranged at an opening at the top of the leaching container (4.1), a leakage outlet (4.5) is formed in the bottom of the soil container (4.2) corresponding to the leaching container (4.1), one end of the discharging rod (4.3) penetrates through the leakage outlet (4.5) in a coaxial clearance mode and extends into an inner cavity of the leaching container (4.1), and the stirring rod (4.4) is vertically arranged at one end, extending into the leaching container, of the discharging rod (4.3); the discharging rod (4.3) rotates around the shaft and drives soil particles in the leaking outlet (4.5) to flow out downwards to the stirring area of the stirring rod (4.4).
9. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 8, characterized in that: a smashing blade (4.6) is arranged on the discharging rod (4.3) corresponding to the rod body of the leakage opening (4.5), and the smashing blade (4.6) is arranged in the leakage opening (4.5) or is arranged above the leakage opening (4.5) in a clearance mode; the discharging device is characterized by further comprising a support (4.7), the other end of the discharging rod (4.3) is rotatably arranged on the support (4.7), and a rotary driving mechanism is arranged on the support (4.7).
10. The detection system of the comprehensive detection method for the soil of the middle and lower layers according to claim 9, characterized in that: the support (4.7) is also provided with a telescopic driving mechanism, and the discharging rod (4.3) is axially and movably displaced in a reciprocating manner through the telescopic driving mechanism;
a rotary sleeve (4.8) is arranged on the support (4.7) in a circumferential rotating mode, the rotary sleeve (4.8) is sleeved on the outer side of the discharging rod (4.3), the rotary sleeve (4.8) and the discharging rod (4.3) are fixed in the circumferential direction and are axially movably arranged, and the rotary sleeve (4.8) is arranged in a rotary driving mode through a rotary driving mechanism; the discharge rod (4.3) is axially displaced while rotating;
the telescopic driving mechanism comprises a driving disc (4.9), the driving disc (4.9) is arranged on an output shaft of the rotary driving mechanism, the disc surface of the driving disc (4.9) and a discharging rod (4.3) form an included angle, one end, positioned above the rotary sleeve, of the discharging rod (4.3) comprises a limiting groove (4.10) coaxial with the discharging rod, and the edge of the outer circle of the driving disc (4.9) extends into the limiting groove (4.10); the driving disc (4.9) drives the discharging rod (4.3) to perform reciprocating displacement along the axial direction by rotating around the shaft.
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