CN113931288B - Ecological restoration method for arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump Download PDFInfo
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- CN113931288B CN113931288B CN202111297680.4A CN202111297680A CN113931288B CN 113931288 B CN113931288 B CN 113931288B CN 202111297680 A CN202111297680 A CN 202111297680A CN 113931288 B CN113931288 B CN 113931288B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
- E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
- E03F5/10—Collecting-tanks; Equalising-tanks for regulating the run-off; Laying-up basins
- E03F5/103—Naturals or landscape retention bodies, e.g. ponds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/002—Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
- E02D31/006—Sealing of existing landfills, e.g. using mining techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration method for an arid and semi-arid strip mine dump, wherein a water-resisting layer is laid at the lowest layer of an ecological restoration area of the strip mine dump; a water storage layer is laid above the water-resisting layer, a temporary water-resisting layer is arranged inside the water storage layer, and the temporary water-resisting layer divides the water storage layer into a temporary storage area and a normal storage area; the water storage layer of the single ecological restoration unit is gradually recessed from two sides to the middle; a seepage layer is arranged at the upper part of the temporary storage area, an inverted trapezoidal shrub area planting layer is laid at the upper part of the water storage layer of the area without the temporary water-resisting layer, and a herbal area planting layer is laid at the upper part of the seepage layer; the invention can effectively improve the precipitation recovery rate and timeliness and reduce the evaporation loss; the temporary water-resisting layer provides possibility for shallow storage of water, can meet the short-term water demand of plants, and provides storage guarantee for long-term water use; the greening effect is improved by alternately planting the surface herbs and shrubs; according to the invention, by constructing the terrain and rock-soil sequence structure, the waste materials with different characteristics in the waste dump are scientifically utilized, and the cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for restoring a refuse dump, in particular to an ecological restoring method for a refuse dump of an arid and semi-arid strip mine.
Background
8204and the arid and semi-arid plants are rare and are naturally and ecologically fragile. Ecological restoration is carried out on the strip mine waste dump, and the improvement of the ecological quality of arid and semi-arid lands is facilitated. The waste dump is a place for accommodating discarded materials in an open pit, the types of the materials are rich, the materials are large in size, and the materials comprise clay, mudstone, sandy soil, gravel and the like, and the physical properties of the materials are different. The arid and semiarid exposed dumping grounds are mainly influenced by external geological effects such as weathering, carrying, erosion and the like, and if subsequent ecological restoration work is not carried out, sand and dust weather is likely to be caused, thus threatening the ecology of mining areas and the health of personnel.
The drought and semi-arid regions have less precipitation and large evaporation capacity. The vegetation can not be separated from water, the water content is one of the important factors influencing the ecological restoration effect, and whether the water content of the soil can meet the demand of vegetation growth and development has great significance on the success of ecological restoration of the strip mine waste dump.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an ecological restoration method for an arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump, which reduces the interference on mine production, has low cost, can provide long-term water for plants planted on the surface layer of the restored waste dump and improves the ecological restoration effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: an ecological restoration method for an arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump, which is divided into N ecological restoration units according to the size of the arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump; paving a water-resisting layer on the lowest layer of the ecological restoration area of the arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump, wherein the water-resisting layer of each ecological restoration unit is an inward slope structure with two high sides and a low middle part; a water storage layer is laid above the water-resisting layer, temporary water-resisting layers are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the horizontal inner part of the water storage layer of each ecological restoration unit, the temporary water-resisting layers divide the water storage layer of each ecological restoration unit into an upper temporary storage area and a lower normal storage area, and the temporary water-resisting layers in adjacent ecological restoration units are connected with each other; the water storage layer of each ecological restoration unit is gradually recessed from two sides to the middle to form a hydraulic gradient of 1-3%, the upper surface of the temporary water-resisting layer is in a continuously zigzag peak-valley shape, the maximum depth is 2m, the gradient is 20% -30%, and the peak top connecting line is parallel to the gradient of the water storage layer; a seepage layer is arranged at the upper part of the temporary storage area, an inverted trapezoidal shrub area planting layer is laid at the upper part of the water storage layer without a temporary water-resisting layer area, a herbaceous area planting layer is laid at the upper part of the seepage layer, the upper surface of the shrub area planting layer is connected with the upper surfaces of the herbaceous area planting layers at two sides, and the herbaceous area planting layers at two sides are gradually sunken towards the middle shrub area planting layer; the width of the planting layer of the shrub area can ensure that 3-5 rows of shrubs are planted, and is preferably 20-30m.
Furthermore, many infiltration areas are arranged at intervals in the herbaceous district planting layer, and the interval distance is 20-30m, can guarantee the abundant infiltration of precipitation.
Furthermore, the water-resisting layer is formed by paving strip mine stripping materials through grading and compacting methods.
Furthermore, the normal storage area is formed by materials which are strong in hydrophobicity, do not disintegrate when meeting water and are 1-5cm in strip mine stripping materials, and compaction is avoided in the laying process.
Furthermore, the infiltration zone is formed by laying stones with the grain size of 1-3cm, the width is 0.2m, and the thickness is not less than 10cm when the stones penetrate into the infiltration layer.
Furthermore, the seepage layer is formed by laying sand, and the thickness is 0.5-1.0m.
Compared with the prior art, the surface layer of the invention is provided with the infiltration belt, the whole body is in a corrugated shape with fluctuation up and down, the precipitation recovery rate and timeliness are improved, and the evaporation loss is reduced; temporary water-resisting layers are arranged in the water storage layers at intervals, the water storage layers are divided into a double-layer structure at intervals, the temporary water-resisting layers provide possibility for shallow storage of water, short-term water requirements of plants can be met, and meanwhile storage guarantee is provided for long-term water use; the alternate planting of the surface layer vegetation and the shrubs improves the greening effect; according to the invention, by constructing the terrain and rock-soil sequence structure, the discharged materials with different characteristics of the refuse dump are scientifically utilized, the ecological restoration cost is reduced, the integral scheme is formed by natural construction in the refuse dump forming process, the refuse dump forming process is not required to be changed, the interference on mine production is reduced, rainfall is intensively utilized to promote vegetation growth, and the ecological restoration effect can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of the present invention;
in the figure: 1.2 parts of a water-resisting layer, 2 parts of a water storage layer, 2 parts of a temporary storage area, 2 parts of a normal storage area, 3 parts of a temporary water-resisting layer, 4 parts of a seepage layer, 5 parts of a shrub area planting layer, 6 parts of a herbaceous area planting layer and 7 parts of an infiltration zone.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a technical scheme that: the ecological restoration method of the arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump comprises the steps of dividing the arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump into N ecological restoration units according to the size of the arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump, connecting the ecological restoration units to form a whole, and simultaneously building all the ecological restoration units from bottom to top during building construction.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a water-resisting layer 1 is laid on the lowest layer of an ecological restoration area of an arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump, the water-resisting layer 1 of a single ecological restoration unit is an inward slope structure with two high sides and a low middle part, the water-resisting layer 1 is formed by laying strip mine stripping materials by a grading and compacting method, the thickness is determined according to the water-resisting performance of the strip mine stripping materials, and the water can be prevented from being blocked for 10-15 days, namely, in a water-resisting period, upper water cannot penetrate through the water-resisting layer 1.
A water storage layer 2 is laid above the water-resisting layer 1, the left side and the right side of the inside of the water storage layer 2 of a single ecological restoration unit in the horizontal direction are respectively provided with a temporary water-resisting layer 3 which is transversely distributed, the temporary water-resisting layer 3 divides the water storage layer 2 on the left side and the right side of the single ecological restoration unit into a temporary storage area 2-1 at the upper part and a normal storage area 2-2 at the lower part, the normal storage area 2-2 is formed by stripping materials which are strong in hydrophobicity, do not disintegrate when meeting water and have the block size of 1-5cm in strip mines, compaction is avoided in the laying process, the thickness is determined according to the water storage performance of the materials, and 50% -60% of the local precipitation can be stored; the temporary water barriers 3 provided in adjacent ecological restoration units are connected to each other.
The water storage layer 2 of a single ecological restoration unit is gradually recessed from two sides to the middle direction to form a hydraulic gradient of 1-3%, the upper surface of the temporary water-resisting layer 3 is in a continuous zigzag peak-valley shape, the maximum depth is 2m, the gradient is 20-30%, the peak-valley structure is favorable for gathering seepage water, the peak-peak point connecting line is parallel to the gradient of the water storage layer 2, the slope length of the outermost side of two temporary water-resisting layers 3 in the single ecological restoration unit can ensure that a 10-15m downward seepage channel is formed between the temporary storage area 2-1 and the normal storage area 2-2, and the slope of the outermost side of the temporary water-resisting layer 3 extends to exceed the length of the planting layer 5 of the bush-filling area by 5-10m.
A seepage layer 4 is arranged on the upper part of the temporary storage area 2-1 above the temporary water-resisting layer 3, the seepage layer 4 is formed by laying sand, the thickness is 0.5-1.0m, and the content of materials with the particle size larger than 2mm is not less than 50%; an inverted trapezoidal shrub area planting layer 5 is laid on the upper portion of the water storage layer 2 in the area without the temporary water-resisting layer 3, the thickness of the shrub area planting layer 5 is 1.5 times, preferably 3-5m, of the average root length of local shrubs, a herbaceous area planting layer 6 is laid on the upper portion of the seepage layer 4, and the thickness of the herbaceous area planting layer 6 is 1.2 times, preferably 30-50cm, of the average root length of local grass and trees; a plurality of infiltration zones 7 are arranged at intervals in the planting layer 6 of the herbaceous area, the infiltration zones 7 are formed by laying stones with the grain size of 1-3cm, the width is 0.2m, and the thickness is not less than 10cm when the infiltration zones penetrate below the percolation layer 4; the upper surface of the shrub area planting layer 5 is connected with the upper surfaces of the herbaceous area planting layers 6 at two sides, and the herbaceous area planting layers 6 at two sides are gradually concave towards the shrub area planting layer 5 in the middle; the width of the planting layer 5 in the shrub area can ensure 3-5 rows of shrubs to be planted.
Local drought-enduring grass and trees are planted on the planting layer 6 of the herbaceous area, and local drought-enduring shrub plants are planted on the planting layer 5 of the shrub area. After the ecological restoration of the arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump is completed, the surface and the inner layers of the refuse dump are in a corrugated shape with the upward and downward fluctuation as seen from the section, and the rainfall infiltration condition after raining of a single ecological restoration unit is taken as an example for explanation: when raining, rainfall on the planting layer 6 of the herbaceous area and the planting layer 5 of the shrub area directly infiltrates to nourish plants; the rainfall which is not infiltrated in time infiltrates into the seepage layer 4 through the infiltration zone 7, part of the water entering the seepage layer 4 enters the temporary storage area 2-1, and the rest part of the water is gathered into the normal storage area 2-2; and the redundant non-infiltrated precipitation on the ground surface flows into the shrub area planting layer 5 along the gradient of the planting layer, and finally infiltrates into the normal storage area 2-2 at the lower part of the water storage layer 2 through the shrub area planting layer 5, and because of the obstruction of the water-resisting layer 1, water resources are kept for a certain time in the normal storage area 2-2.
After precipitation, water in the seepage layer 4 and the temporary storage area 2-1 can be kept for a certain time due to the blocking effect of the temporary water-resisting layer 3, so that the water can be nourished for the upper vegetation; after the water resources in the seepage layer 4 and the temporary storage area 2-1 are exhausted, the water in the normal storage area 2-2 is absorbed to the ground surface due to the capillary action of the soil and is used for nourishing the plants.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and should not be taken as limiting the invention, and any minor modifications, equivalents and improvements made on the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. An ecological restoration method for an arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump is characterized in that the ecological restoration method is divided into N ecological restoration units according to the size of the arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump;
paving a water-resisting layer (1) at the lowest layer of an ecological restoration area of an arid and semi-arid strip mine refuse dump, wherein the water-resisting layer (1) of a single ecological restoration unit is an inward slope structure with two high sides and a low middle part;
a water storage layer (2) is laid above the water-resisting layer (1), temporary water-resisting layers (3) are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the horizontal direction inside the water storage layer (2) of a single ecological restoration unit, the temporary water-resisting layers (3) divide the water storage layer (2) of the single ecological restoration unit into a temporary storage area (2-1) at the upper part and a normal storage area (2-2) at the lower part, and the temporary water-resisting layers (3) in adjacent ecological restoration units are connected with each other;
the water storage layer (2) of a single ecological restoration unit is gradually recessed from two sides to the middle to form a hydraulic gradient of 1-3%, the upper surface of the temporary water-resisting layer (3) is in a continuously zigzag peak-valley shape, the maximum depth is 2m, the gradient is 20-30%, and the peak top line is parallel to the gradient of the water storage layer (2);
the length of the slope surface at the outermost side of the two temporary water-resisting layers (3) in a single ecological restoration unit can ensure that a 10-15m infiltration channel is arranged between the temporary storage area (2-1) and the normal storage area (2-2) and the length of the slope surface at the outermost side of the temporary water-resisting layers (3) is 5-10m longer than that of the planting layer (5) in the shrub area;
a seepage layer (4) is arranged at the upper part of the temporary storage area (2-1), an inverted trapezoidal shrub area planting layer (5) is laid at the upper part of the water storage layer (2) without a temporary water-resisting layer (3), a herbaceous area planting layer (6) is laid at the upper part of the seepage layer (4), the upper surface of the shrub area planting layer (5) is connected with the upper surfaces of the herbaceous area planting layers (6) at two sides, and the herbaceous area planting layers (6) at two sides are gradually concave towards the middle shrub area planting layer (5); the width of the planting layer (5) in the shrub area can ensure that 3-5 rows of shrubs are planted;
a plurality of infiltration zones (7) are arranged in the planting layer (6) of the herbaceous area at intervals, and the interval distance is 20-30m.
2. The ecological restoration method for the arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the water-resisting layer (1) is formed by paving strip mine stripping materials through grading and compacting methods.
3. The ecological restoration method for the arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the normal storage area (2-2) is formed by stripping materials with strong hydrophobicity, non-disintegration when meeting water and 1-5cm of block size in the materials of the strip mine, and compaction is avoided in the laying process.
4. The ecological restoration method for the arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump according to claim 2, characterized by comprising the following steps: the infiltration zone (7) is formed by laying stones with the grain diameter of 1-3cm, the width is 0.2m, and the thickness is not less than 10cm when the infiltration zone penetrates below the seepage layer (4).
5. The ecological restoration method for the arid and semi-arid strip mine waste dump according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the seepage layer (4) is formed by laying sand, and the thickness is 0.5-1.0m.
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| CN114467704B (en) * | 2022-01-28 | 2022-09-27 | 中国矿业大学 | Near-surface soil sequence reconstruction strip mine waste dump and deep water replenishing method thereof |
| CN115949080B (en) * | 2022-12-29 | 2024-04-23 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Ecological restoration system and method for mine landfill site based on modified yellow river sediment |
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| US9038572B2 (en) * | 2006-06-02 | 2015-05-26 | Nicholas J. Gramza | Microcosm terrestrial and aquatic landscape habitat: a freestanding “miniature mountain” chain, topiary, upper pool, waterfall and pond-aquarium hybrid habitat with natural curves |
| CN102498875B (en) * | 2011-11-01 | 2013-03-06 | 北京师范大学 | Method for constructing shrub and grass plant communities on rocky slope and application thereof |
| GB2507066B (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2015-02-11 | Platipus Anchors Holdings Ltd | Tree anchoring apparatus, kit and method |
| CN202958268U (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-06-05 | 天津瑞龙腾建筑工程有限公司 | Sedum sarmentosum roof greening structure |
| CN105961120B (en) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-03-05 | 北京林业大学 | One kind being suitable for arid biogeographic zone ecological restoration of mine side slope vegetation quick recovery method |
| CN111213552A (en) * | 2020-01-17 | 2020-06-02 | 高善峰 | Method for restoring soil of abandoned mine |
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