CN113930291B - Circulation treatment method and device for beef tallow residues - Google Patents
Circulation treatment method and device for beef tallow residues Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113930291B CN113930291B CN202111305754.4A CN202111305754A CN113930291B CN 113930291 B CN113930291 B CN 113930291B CN 202111305754 A CN202111305754 A CN 202111305754A CN 113930291 B CN113930291 B CN 113930291B
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- cooling
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- beef tallow
- reaction
- water
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- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000014121 butter Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 66
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 and meanwhile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Abstract
The invention discloses a circulation treatment method and a circulation treatment device for butter residues, wherein the circulation treatment method for butter residues comprises the following steps: s1, raising the temperature of the beef tallow residue to 1000-1100 ℃ in a gradient way through an oil residue treatment device, so that grease in the beef tallow residue is evaporated, and simultaneously, the beef tallow residue is carbonized; s2, reacting carbonized beef tallow residues with mixed gas of nitrogen and water to generate water gas; s3, condensing the evaporated grease to form liquid grease, and separating nitrogen in the water gas to obtain water gas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cyclic treatment of beef tallow residues, and in particular belongs to a cyclic treatment method and a cyclic treatment device of beef tallow residues.
Background
In the production process of edible beef tallow, a large amount of beef tallow residues can be produced after high-temperature decoction, so that the beef tallow residues are required to be subjected to harmless treatment, and the environment is prevented from being harmed. The existing butter residue treatment process is not environment-friendly, a large amount of pollution gas can be generated in the treatment process, and the butter residue cannot be utilized to generate economic benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a circulating treatment method and device for beef tallow residues, and overcomes the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the cyclic treatment method of the beef tallow residue comprises the following steps:
s1, raising the temperature of the beef tallow residue to 1000-1100 ℃ in a gradient way through an oil residue treatment device, so that grease in the beef tallow residue is evaporated, and simultaneously, the beef tallow residue is carbonized;
s2, reacting carbonized beef tallow residues with mixed gas of nitrogen and water to generate water gas;
s3, condensing the evaporated grease to form liquid grease, and separating nitrogen in the water gas to obtain the water gas.
Further, nickel alloy is used as a catalyst in the reaction process of carbonized beef tallow slag and mixed gas of nitrogen and water.
Further, including retort and cooling tank, the heat dissipation cover is installed to the bottom of retort, the scraping motor is installed to the bottom of heat dissipation cover, be connected with the depression bar that passes heat dissipation cover, get into the scraping bar on retort upper portion in the pivot of scraping the material motor, the scraping plate is installed at the top of scraping the material bar, install in the retort with scrape the screen cloth of flitch complex, and the feed inlet setting of retort is on the retort of scraping plate department, the middle part of retort is equipped with the air inlet, and the bottom is equipped with the slag notch, reaction net and filter screen are installed in proper order from top to bottom in the retort between air inlet and the screen cloth, install the heating net between reaction net and the filter screen, still install on the scraping bar with the depression bar of heating net, reaction net and the last surface contact of filter screen, the top of retort be connected with row's material pipe, be connected with the cooling tank on the air inlet and be connected with the steam generator who provides the nitrogen gas that contains vapor to the retort in, steam generator, scrape material motor and heating net and external power connection.
Further, the surface of the reaction net is provided with a layer of nickel alloy catalyst.
Further, install feed arrangement on the feed inlet, feed arrangement includes feeder hopper, feeding motor and feeding screw, feeding screw sets up in the bottom of feeder hopper, and feeding motor sets up on the feeder hopper for drive feeding screw rotates, sends the beef tallow sediment into the retort from the feed inlet.
Further, the top of cooling tank is equipped with the gas vent, and the bottom is equipped with the oil drain mouth, and the material discharging pipe is installed on the material mouth at cooling tank middle part, be equipped with spiral cooling tube in the tank wall of cooling tank, and the cooling tube connection inlet tube of top and bottom of cooling tank, the cooling tube connection outlet pipe at cooling tank middle part, the position and the material mouth correspondence setting of outlet pipe.
Further, install the cooling plate on the cooling tank of gas vent department, the cooling plate includes two arc-shaped pipes that the symmetry set up and a plurality of with the communicating pipe of two arc-shaped union coupling, form the air current passageway between the communicating pipe, two arc-shaped pipes are connected with inlet tube and the cooling tube at cooling tank top respectively, make the cooling water flow through the cooling plate in the entering cooling tube.
Further, the water outlet pipe is connected with a steam generator.
Further, the scraping plate is in contact with the inner wall of the reaction tank, and an extending part extending upwards is arranged on the edge of the scraping plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following implementation effects:
1. according to the invention, the scraping plate is matched with the feeding device, the screw extrudes the beef tallow residues, so that the gas in the reaction tank is prevented from flowing out of the feeding port, and the beef tallow produced by extrusion is evaporated at high temperature and enters the cooling tank; in addition, under the blocking of the screen cloth and the scraping of the scraping plate, the butter residues at the feed inlet are cut into pieces, and are heated on the screen cloth, so that the grease in the butter residues is evaporated, and meanwhile, the volume of the evaporated butter residues is reduced, passes through the screen cloth and falls on a reaction screen to react.
2. According to the invention, the heating net is used for heating the water vapor and nitrogen which are upward in the reaction tank, so that the temperature on the reaction net is raised to more than 1000 ℃, the beef tallow residues on the reaction net are carbonized, meanwhile, the beef tallow residues react with the water vapor to generate water gas, the cyclic utilization of the beef tallow residues is realized, and the residual materials entering the filter screen are crushed by the extrusion of the compression bar and fall into the top of the reaction tank, so that the beef tallow residues are conveniently discharged and cleaned.
3. The scraping effect of the scraping plate and the pressing rod on the reaction net, the filter net, the heating net and the screen avoids the blockage of the reaction net, the filter net, the heating net and the screen.
4. According to the invention, the cooling tank is cooled at two ends, so that oil in gas entering the cooling tank can be liquefied and discharged from the oil discharge port, the liquefied oil can be collected and used as fuel, and water gas containing nitrogen gas discharged from the top of the cooling tank can be treated and used as combustible gas, so that the recycling of beef tallow residue is realized.
5. The invention utilizes the heat of the cooling tank to heat the water in the steam generator, thereby saving energy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a cooling plate.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1. a reaction tank; 11. a slag discharge port; 12. an air inlet; 13. a filter screen; 14. a heating net; 15. a reaction net; 16. a screen; 17. a discharge pipe; 2. a cooling tank; 20. an exhaust port; 21. a material port; 22. a water outlet pipe; 23. an oil drain port; 24. a cooling tube; 25. a connection cover; 26. an exhaust pipe; 27. 28 water inlet pipe; 3. a steam generator; 4. a scraping motor; 41. a compression bar; 42. a scraping plate; 5. a heat dissipation cover; 51. a heat radiation port; 6. a feed hopper; 61. a feed motor; 62. a feed screw; 7. a cooling plate; 71. an arc tube; 72. a communicating pipe; 8. a hot water pipe.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements to be referred to must have a specific direction to construct and operate in a specific direction, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the oil residue treatment device comprises a reaction tank 1 and a cooling tank 2, wherein a heat dissipation cover 5 is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank 1, a scraping motor 4 is arranged at the bottom of the heat dissipation cover 5, a plurality of heat dissipation openings 51 are formed in the heat dissipation cover 5, a scraping rod penetrating through the heat dissipation cover 5 and entering the upper part of the reaction tank 1 is connected to a rotating shaft of the scraping motor 4, and the scraping rod is connected with the heat dissipation cover 5 and the reaction tank 1 through bearings; the scraping plate 42 is arranged at the top of the scraping rod, the screen 16 matched with the scraping plate 42 is arranged in the reaction tank 1, the scraping plate 42 is in contact with the inner wall of the reaction tank 1, an extending part extending upwards is arranged on the edge of the scraping plate 42, and the extending part can stir the butter residues to avoid the accumulation of the butter residues around the screen 16; the feeding port of the reaction tank 1 is arranged on the reaction tank 1 at the scraping plate 42, the air inlet 12 is arranged in the middle of the reaction tank 1, the slag discharge port 11 is arranged at the bottom, the reaction tank 1 between the air inlet 12 and the screen 16 is internally and sequentially provided with the reaction screen 15 and the filter screen 13 from top to bottom, the surface of the reaction screen 15 is provided with a layer of nickel alloy catalyst, the heating screen 14 is arranged between the reaction screen 15 and the filter screen 13, the scraping rod is also provided with a compression bar 41 which is in contact with the upper surfaces of the heating screen 14, the reaction screen 15 and the filter screen 13, the top of the reaction tank 1 is connected with the discharge pipe 17, the discharge pipe 17 is connected with the cooling tank 2, the air inlet 12 is connected with the steam generator 3 which supplies nitrogen containing water vapor into the reaction tank 1, the steam generator 3, the scraping motor 4 and the heating screen 14 are connected with an external power supply, the temperature at the heating screen 14 is between 1000 ℃ and 1100 ℃, the beef tallow slag on the reaction screen 15 is carbonized, meanwhile, water gas is formed by reaction with the water vapor, and the nickel alloy on the reaction screen 15 plays a catalytic role, and the reaction speed is improved.
Install feed arrangement on the feed inlet, feed arrangement includes feeder hopper 6, feed motor 61 and feeding screw 62, and feeding screw 62 sets up in the bottom of feeder hopper 6, and feed motor 61 sets up on feeder hopper 6 for drive feeding screw 62 rotates, sends into retort 1 with the beef tallow sediment from the feed inlet, and scrapes flitch 42 and can smash the extruded beef tallow sediment in feed inlet department, the evaporation of grease of being convenient for.
The top of cooling tank 2 is equipped with gas vent 20, is connected with blast pipe 26 through connecting cover 25 on the gas vent 20, and cooling tank 2 bottom is equipped with oil drain port 23, and discharge pipe 17 installs on the material mouth 21 at cooling tank 2 middle part, is equipped with spiral cooling tube 24 in the tank wall of cooling tank 2, and cooling tube 24 at the top and the bottom of cooling tank 2 connect inlet tube 27, 28, and outlet pipe 22 is connected to cooling tube 24 at cooling tank 2 middle part, and outlet pipe 22's position corresponds the setting with material mouth 21. The cooling plate 7 is mounted on the cooling tank 2 at the air outlet 20, the cooling plate 7 comprises two symmetrically arranged arc pipes 71 and a plurality of communicating pipes 72 connecting the two arc pipes 71, an air flow channel is formed between the communicating pipes 72, the two arc pipes 71 are respectively connected with the water inlet pipe 28 and the cooling pipe 24 at the top of the cooling tank 2, so that cooling water entering the cooling pipe 24 flows through the cooling plate 7, and grease in gas discharged from the top of the cooling tank 2 is fully liquefied.
Meanwhile, the water outlet pipe 22 is connected with the steam generator 3 through the hot water pipe 8, and the heat of the cooling tank 2 is utilized to heat the water in the steam generator 3, so that the energy is saved.
When the device is used, the beef tallow residues enter the screen 16 from the feed inlet and gradually flow downwards to enter the reaction net 15, so that the beef tallow residues are gradually heated to 1000-1100 ℃, grease in the beef tallow residues is evaporated, and simultaneously the beef tallow residues are carbonized; the carbonized beef tallow residue reacts with the mixed gas of nitrogen and water to generate water gas under the catalysis of nickel alloy; the evaporated grease is condensed in the cooling tank 2 to form liquid grease, and meanwhile, nitrogen in the water gas is separated to obtain water gas which can be used as fuel.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The circulation treatment method of the beef tallow residue is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, raising the temperature of the beef tallow residue to 1000-1100 ℃ in a gradient way through an oil residue treatment device, so that grease in the beef tallow residue is evaporated, and simultaneously, the beef tallow residue is carbonized;
s2, reacting carbonized beef tallow residues with mixed gas of nitrogen and water to generate water gas;
s3, condensing the evaporated grease to form liquid grease, and simultaneously separating nitrogen in the water gas to obtain the water gas;
nickel alloy is used as a catalyst in the reaction process of carbonized beef tallow slag and mixed gas of nitrogen and water;
the oil residue treatment device comprises a reaction tank (1) and a cooling tank (2), a heat dissipation cover (5) is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank (1), a scraping motor (4) is arranged at the bottom of the heat dissipation cover (5), a scraping rod penetrating through the heat dissipation cover (5) and entering the upper part of the reaction tank (1) is connected to a rotating shaft of the scraping motor (4), a scraping plate (42) is arranged at the top of the scraping rod, a screen (16) matched with the scraping plate (42) is arranged in the reaction tank (1), a feeding hole of the reaction tank (1) is arranged on the reaction tank (1) at the position of the scraping plate (42), an air inlet (12) is arranged at the middle part of the reaction tank (1), a slag discharge hole (11) is arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank, a reaction screen (15) and a filtering screen (13) are sequentially arranged in the reaction tank (1) from top to bottom, a heating screen (14) is arranged between the reaction screen (15) and the filtering screen (13), a nickel alloy layer is arranged on the surface of the reaction screen (15), the nickel alloy layer is arranged on the surface of the reaction screen (15), the surface of the nickel layer is contacted with the heating screen (13), the surface of the heating screen (13) is contacted with the surface of the scraping plate (41), the material discharging pipe (17) is connected with the cooling tank (2), the air inlet (12) is connected with the steam generator (3) for providing nitrogen containing water vapor into the reaction tank (1), the steam generator (3), the scraping motor (4) and the heating net (14) are connected with an external power supply, and the temperature at the heating net (14) is between 1000 and 1100 ℃;
the feeding device is arranged on the feeding hole and comprises a feeding hopper (6), a feeding motor (61) and a feeding screw (62), the feeding screw (62) is arranged at the bottom of the feeding hopper (6), the feeding motor (61) is arranged on the feeding hopper (6) and used for driving the feeding screw (62) to rotate, and beef tallow residues are fed into the reaction tank (1) from the feeding hole;
the top of the cooling tank (2) is provided with an exhaust port (20), the bottom of the cooling tank is provided with an oil drain port (23), a discharge pipe (17) is arranged on a material port (21) in the middle of the cooling tank (2), a spiral cooling pipe (24) is arranged in the tank wall of the cooling tank (2), the cooling pipes (24) at the top and the bottom of the cooling tank (2) are connected with a water inlet pipe, the cooling pipe (24) in the middle of the cooling tank (2) is connected with a water outlet pipe (22), and the position of the water outlet pipe (22) is correspondingly arranged with the material port (21);
a cooling plate (7) is arranged on the cooling tank (2) at the exhaust port (20), the cooling plate (7) comprises two arc-shaped pipes (71) which are symmetrically arranged and a plurality of communicating pipes (72) which connect the two arc-shaped pipes (71), an air flow channel is formed between the communicating pipes (72), and the two arc-shaped pipes (71) are respectively connected with a water inlet pipe and a cooling pipe (24) at the top of the cooling tank (2) so that cooling water entering the cooling pipe (24) flows through the cooling plate (7);
the water outlet pipe (22) is connected with the steam generator (3) through a hot water pipe (8), and the heat of the cooling tank (2) is utilized to heat the water in the steam generator (3);
the scraping plate (42) is in contact with the inner wall of the reaction tank (1), an extending part extending upwards is arranged on the edge of the scraping plate (42), and the scraping plate (42) can break up the butter residues extruded at the feed inlet.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111305754.4A CN113930291B (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Circulation treatment method and device for beef tallow residues |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111305754.4A CN113930291B (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Circulation treatment method and device for beef tallow residues |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113930291A CN113930291A (en) | 2022-01-14 |
| CN113930291B true CN113930291B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111305754.4A Active CN113930291B (en) | 2021-11-05 | 2021-11-05 | Circulation treatment method and device for beef tallow residues |
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| CN (1) | CN113930291B (en) |
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| The purity of water buffalo milk fat: an application of the EU method (Precht) based on the gas chromathographic determination of triglycerides.;Romano, R.等;RIVISTA ITALIANA DELLE SOSTANZE GRASSE;第81卷(第6期);342-346 * |
| 煤气厂电除焦油器的理论基础和实际应用;钱尧福;煤气与热力(第06期);47-52 * |
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