CN113912438A - Oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and process and device thereof - Google Patents
Oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and process and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113912438A CN113912438A CN202111366856.7A CN202111366856A CN113912438A CN 113912438 A CN113912438 A CN 113912438A CN 202111366856 A CN202111366856 A CN 202111366856A CN 113912438 A CN113912438 A CN 113912438A
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
- C05D3/02—Calcareous fertilisers from limestone, calcium carbonate, calcium hydrate, slaked lime, calcium oxide, waste calcium products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/70—Controlling the treatment in response to process parameters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, and discloses an oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and a process and a device thereof, wherein the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer is mainly prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: oyster mushroom dregs: 80-85 parts of water: 15-20 parts of organic fertilizer zymocyte: 1-2 parts of lime: 3-5 parts of calcium sulfate: 4-6 parts. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer is prepared by carrying out compost fermentation on oyster mushroom residue mixed water and organic fertilizer zymogens, and lime and calcium sulfate are added to adjust the pH value so as to promote the fermentation; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting and fermenting the oyster mushroom residues, and the oyster mushroom residues are preferably recycled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of organic fertilizers, in particular to an oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer and a process and a device thereof.
Background
The edible fungi serving as the fifth economic crop in agricultural production in China make a prominent contribution to the promotion of agricultural development in China, the increase of income of farmers and the improvement of life of people. The yield of the oyster mushroom is the largest in the edible mushroom industry, and the oyster mushroom is produced by taking organic matters rich in nutrition, such as wood chips, straws, cottonseed hulls, corn cobs and the like, which are agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials. However, oyster mushroom cultivation practices show that 60kg of oyster mushroom dregs can be generated after 100kg of fresh oyster mushrooms are harvested per 100kg of cultivation raw materials, and meanwhile, the oyster mushroom dregs contain a large amount of crude fibers, polysaccharides, proteins and rich nutrient elements and have high feeding value.
At present, the oyster mushroom residues are mostly stacked around a planting field, so that the long-term stacking treatment not only causes germ accumulation, pest breeding and deterioration of the cultivation environment, but also causes serious pollution to the oyster mushroom production. Therefore, the recycling of the oyster mushroom dregs is necessary. Because contain a large amount of organic matters in the oyster mushroom fungus sediment, among the prior art, carry out fermentation treatment to the oyster mushroom fungus sediment usually, and then make organic fertilizer, realize the reuse to the oyster mushroom fungus sediment, however among the prior art, lack the device of preferred to carry out the compost fermentation of oyster mushroom fungus sediment.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at certain defect or defects in the prior art, the invention provides an oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer and a process and a device thereof.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention is solved by the following technical solutions.
An organic fertilizer containing oyster mushroom dregs mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
oyster mushroom dregs: 80-85 parts of (by weight),
water: 15-20 parts of (by weight),
organic fertilizer zymocyte: 1-2 parts of (A) a solvent,
lime: 3-5 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,
calcium sulfate: 4-6 parts.
The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer is prepared by carrying out compost fermentation on oyster mushroom residue mixed water and organic fertilizer zymogens, and lime and calcium sulfate are added to adjust the pH value so as to promote the fermentation; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting and fermenting the oyster mushroom residues, and the oyster mushroom residues are preferably recycled.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer, which comprises the following steps of:
s1, crushing oyster mushroom dregs to enable the oyster mushroom dregs to be in a loose state;
s2, adding water and organic fertilizer zymophyte into the S1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding lime and calcium sulfate into the S2, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7.5-8.0, stacking the mixture into a mushroom dreg pile, and performing aerobic fermentation;
and S4, fermenting the mushroom dreg piles for 50 days, aerating the mushroom dreg piles once every 5 days, turning the piles once every 10 days, and promoting the fermentation of the mushroom dreg piles through aeration and turning operations to prepare the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer.
The invention also provides a device for preparing the oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer, which comprises aeration devices arranged in the mushroom residue pile at intervals, wherein each aeration device comprises an aeration rod which is arranged along the vertical direction and can be spliced, an aeration cavity with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in each aeration rod, a plurality of air holes are arranged on the side wall of each aeration cavity along the vertical direction at intervals, and the air holes are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of each aeration rod; a rotating shaft which can rotate and be spliced is arranged in the aeration cavity, and blades are arranged on the rotating shaft at intervals and used for blowing air in the aeration cavity upwards; the upper end of the aeration rod is provided with a driving mechanism for driving the rotating shaft to rotate, the driving mechanism comprises a driving shaft extending into the aeration cavity, the upper end of the driving shaft is provided with a cross-shaped rotating rod, and the end of the rotating rod is provided with a hemispherical air speed cup.
Through the structure of the invention, natural wind outside the mushroom dreg pile is utilized to drive the rotating shaft to rotate, so that the fan rotates to enable the aeration cavity to generate negative pressure, air in the mushroom dreg pile enters the aeration cavity through the air holes, the aeration operation of the mushroom dreg pile is realized, and the fermentation of the mushroom dreg pile is promoted.
Preferably, a plugging mechanism for plugging the air holes is arranged in the aeration cavity, the plugging mechanism comprises a mounting ring which is arranged at the air holes in a threaded manner, a sliding ring which is opposite to the air holes is arranged on the mounting ring, through holes are formed in the sliding ring corresponding to the air holes, pistons which extend into the corresponding air holes are arranged at the sliding ring, abutting columns which penetrate through the through holes are arranged at the end parts of the pistons which are positioned in the aeration cavity, the end parts of the pistons which are positioned in the aeration cavity extend outwards to form spring mounting parts, and first springs which are used for pushing the abutting columns to penetrate through the through holes are sleeved outside the pistons; an air cavity is arranged in the piston, an air leakage hole is arranged on the side wall of the air cavity, and an air passage communicated with the aeration cavity is arranged in the air cavity; the rotating shaft is provided with a support rod for pushing the support column to drive the piston to extend out of the air hole.
Through the structure of the invention, the rotating shaft rotates to drive the abutting rod to drive the abutting column to drive the piston to reciprocate in the vent hole, so that the interval aeration operation of the vent hole is realized, and meanwhile, oyster mushroom residues in a mushroom residue pile can be prevented from entering the aeration cavity.
Preferably, the aeration rod comprises aeration columns which are connected in sequence, and the rotating shaft comprises rotating shaft columns which are connected in sequence and are positioned in the corresponding aeration columns; a cavity with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in the rotating shaft column, first sliding grooves are symmetrically formed in the side wall of the cavity and positioned at the upper end part along the vertical direction, and positioning blocks extending into the corresponding first sliding grooves are arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft column; a lifting rod capable of lifting is arranged in the cavity, a lifting block extending out of the lifting rod and corresponding to the first sliding groove is arranged on the lifting rod, a sliding ring in threaded connection with the lifting block is arranged outside the rotating shaft column, a sliding groove is formed in the outer side surface of the sliding ring along the circumferential direction of the sliding ring, a second sliding groove is oppositely formed in the lower end portion of the lifting rod along the vertical direction, a supporting ring is arranged outside the lifting rod, a sliding block extending into the corresponding second sliding groove is arranged on the supporting ring, a fixing ring which is located below the supporting ring and through which the lower end of the lifting rod passes is arranged in the cavity, a fixing nut located below the fixing ring is arranged on the lifting rod in a threaded mode, and a second spring used for pushing the supporting ring to move upwards to drive the lifting rod to move upwards is sleeved on the lifting rod; be equipped with the notch that is located corresponding bleeder vent top on the post of exposing to the sun, the aeration intracavity is equipped with the picture peg that can stretch out corresponding the notch, be equipped with on the tip that the picture peg is located the aeration intracavity and pass the ejector pin that stretches into in the cavity corresponding first spout, the tip department that the picture peg is located the aeration intracavity is equipped with the installation department, be equipped with the installation pole that passes corresponding the installation department in the aeration intracavity, the cover is equipped with the third spring that is used for promoting the picture peg to move into the aeration intracavity on the installation pole, be equipped with first inclined plane on the lifter, the lifter moves down and is used for driving first inclined plane extrusion ejector pin and stretches out first spout and block in the sliding groove.
Through the structure in this embodiment for the drive shaft pushes down and drives the lifter to move down in the cavity, and then drives the picture peg and stretch out the notch and insert in the fungus sediment heap, thereby makes the fungus sediment of venthole department pile up loose, the aeration operation of being convenient for, simultaneously, when the drive shaft is pulled down, lifter automatic re-setting drives the picture peg and contracts back in the notch, makes in the aeration mechanism can retract the ground, avoids influencing the heap operation of turning over of fungus sediment heap.
Preferably, the lower end part of the driving shaft is provided with a clamping groove, the upper end part of the lifting rod is provided with a clamping block extending into the clamping groove, and the connection between the driving shaft and the lifting rod is preferably realized.
Preferably, an opening at the upper end of the uppermost aeration column is provided with a mounting plate, the mounting plate is provided with a mounting hole for a driving shaft to pass through, a spring mounting cavity with an opening facing the mounting hole is arranged in the mounting plate, a limiting chute communicated with the spring mounting cavity is arranged on the upper plate surface of the mounting plate, a positioning rod with one end extending into the mounting hole is arranged in the spring mounting cavity through a fourth spring, and a shifting column extending out of the limiting chute is arranged on the positioning rod; and a positioning chute for the positioning rod to extend into is arranged on the outer side surface of the driving shaft along the circumferential direction of the driving shaft.
Through the structure in the invention, the positioning rod extends into the positioning chute, the driving shaft is preferably rotatably mounted on the mounting plate, the shifting column is shifted along the limiting chute to enable the positioning rod to retract into the spring mounting cavity, and then the mounting of the driving shaft is released, so that the driving shaft can be detached and is convenient to use.
Preferably, the upper end of each aeration column is provided with an internal thread mounting groove, the lower end of each aeration column is provided with an external thread mounting groove, and the threads of the external thread mounting groove extend into the internal thread mounting grooves in the adjacent aeration columns, so that the aeration columns are connected better.
Preferably, the lower side surface of the notch is provided with a second inclined surface along the extension direction, the second inclined surface is provided with a flow channel communicated with the air holes along the up-down direction, and the flow channel and the air leakage holes are arranged correspondingly; the outer end part of the plug board is provided with a convex block, and the convex block is provided with a third inclined plane which is attached to the second inclined plane and used for plugging the flow channel; the end part of the piston in the vent hole is positioned at the rear side of the flow channel, and the piston moves to the opening of the vent hole to drive the air leakage hole to be arranged corresponding to the flow channel.
Through the structure in the invention, the piston moves back and forth in the air vent to enable the flow channel to correspond to the air leakage hole at intervals, so that the bacteria residue can be better prevented from entering the aeration cavity while the aeration operation of the bacteria residue pile is realized, and the aeration effect of the aeration device is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a mushroom slag pile in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an apparatus for producing an organic fertilizer from oyster mushroom dregs according to example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a production apparatus in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic half-sectional view of an aeration column in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic half-sectional view of a spindle post in example 1;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of portion A of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a drive mechanism in embodiment 1;
fig. 8 is a schematic view of the board in embodiment 1;
fig. 9 is a schematic sectional view of the mounting plate in embodiment 1.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference should be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the examples are illustrative of the invention and not limiting.
Example 1
The embodiment provides an oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer which mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
oyster mushroom dregs: 80-85 parts of (by weight),
water: 15-20 parts of (by weight),
organic fertilizer zymocyte: 1-2 parts of (A) a solvent,
lime: 3-5 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,
calcium sulfate: 4-6 parts.
The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer in the embodiment is prepared by mixing oyster mushroom residue with water and organic fertilizer zymogens for composting fermentation, and lime and calcium sulfate are added to adjust the pH value so as to promote the fermentation; the organic fertilizer is prepared by composting and fermenting the oyster mushroom residues, and the oyster mushroom residues are preferably recycled.
The embodiment also provides a preparation process of the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer.
The oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials:
s1, crushing oyster mushroom dregs to enable the oyster mushroom dregs to be in a loose state;
s2, adding water and organic fertilizer zymophyte into the S1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding lime and calcium sulfate into the S2, adjusting the pH of the mixture to 7.5-8.0, stacking the mixture into a bacterial slag pile, and performing aerobic fermentation;
and S4, fermenting the mushroom dreg piles for 50 days, aerating the mushroom dreg piles once every 5 days, turning the piles once every 10 days, and promoting the fermentation of the mushroom dreg piles through aeration and turning the piles to prepare the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer.
In addition, this embodiment still provides an oyster mushroom fungus sediment organic fertilizer preparation facilities, and it can be used for carrying out the aeration operation to the fungus sediment heap in this embodiment better.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the embodiment provides an organic fertilizer preparation device of oyster mushroom dregs, which includes an aeration device 110 disposed in a dreg pile 100 at intervals, wherein the aeration device 110 includes an aeration rod 200 which is disposed along the up-down direction and can be spliced, an aeration cavity 311 with openings at the upper and lower ends is disposed in the aeration rod 210, a plurality of air holes 312 are disposed on the sidewall of the aeration cavity 311 along the up-down direction at intervals, and the air holes 312 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the aeration rod 200; a rotating shaft 300 which can rotate and can be spliced is arranged in the aeration cavity 311, fan blades 301 are arranged on the rotating shaft 300 at intervals, and the fan blades 301 are used for blowing air in the aeration cavity 311 upwards; the upper end of the aeration rod 200 is provided with a driving mechanism 220 for driving the rotation shaft 300 to rotate.
In this embodiment, the mushroom dreg piles 100 are stacked on the ground in a long dike shape, the aeration device 110 is arranged on the ground in a lifting manner, and the mushroom dreg piles 100 are preferably turned over when the mushroom dreg piles are lowered to the ground through the aeration device 110; through the structure in the embodiment, the rotation of the rotating shaft 300 can drive the fan blade 301 to rotate, so that the fan blade 301 blows the gas in the aeration cavity 311 out of the aeration cavity 311 to form negative pressure in the aeration cavity 311, thereby the air in the mushroom dreg stack 100 enters the aeration cavity 311 through the air holes 312 to be discharged, the negative pressure in the mushroom dreg stack 100 is reduced, the air outside the mushroom dreg stack 100 enters the mushroom dreg stack 100 to realize aeration operation on the mushroom dreg stack 100, and the fermentation of the mushroom dreg stack 100 is promoted; in this embodiment, the aeration rod 200 and the rotating shaft 300 can be spliced, so that the aeration device 110 can be suitable for the mushroom dreg stacks 100 with different heights.
Referring to fig. 7, in the present embodiment, the driving mechanism 220 includes a driving shaft 710 extending into the aeration chamber 311, a cross-shaped rotating rod 720 is disposed at an upper end of the driving shaft 710, and a hemispherical air cup 721 is disposed at an end of the rotating rod 720.
Through the structure in the embodiment, the wind outside the mushroom dreg pile 100 can blow the wind speed cup 721 to realize the rotation of the driving shaft 710, so that the driving shaft 710 drives the rotating shaft 300 to rotate, the aeration device 110 can fully utilize the external wind power resource, and the fermentation of the mushroom dreg pile 100 is more environment-friendly.
As shown in fig. 4 to 9, in this embodiment, a plugging mechanism 320 for plugging the air vent 312 is disposed in the aeration cavity 311, the plugging mechanism 320 includes a mounting ring 610 disposed at the air vent 312 by a thread, a slip ring 611 disposed on the mounting ring 610 and opposite to the air vent 312, a through hole 612 disposed on the slip ring 611 and corresponding to the air vent 312, a piston 620 disposed on the slip ring 611 and extending into the corresponding air vent 312, a support pillar 621 disposed through the through hole 612 is disposed on an end of the piston 620 located in the aeration cavity 311, an end of the piston 620 located in the aeration cavity 311 extends outward to form a spring mounting portion 622, and a first spring 630 for pushing the support pillar 621 to pass through the through hole 612 is disposed outside the piston 620; an air cavity 613 is arranged in the piston 620, a leakage hole 614 is arranged on the side wall of the air cavity 613, and an air passage 615 communicated with the aeration cavity 311 is arranged in the air cavity 613; the rotating shaft 300 is provided with a support rod 501 for pushing the support column 621 to drive the piston 620 to extend out of the air hole 312.
In this embodiment, the air holes 312 are sealed by the piston 620, so as to preferably prevent oyster mushroom dregs and the like on the dreg pile 100 from entering the aeration cavity 311; the rotary shaft 300 rotates to drive the abutting rod 501 to rotate, so that the abutting rod 621 is pushed to retract into the through hole 612 at intervals to drive the piston 620 to extend out of the air hole 312, the air leakage hole 614 on the piston 620 extends out of the air hole 312, air in the mushroom dreg pile 100 can enter the air cavity 613 from the air leakage hole 614 and flow into the aeration cavity 311 through the air passage 615, aeration operation is achieved, when the abutting rod 501 leaves the abutting rod 621, the piston 620 resets under the action of the first spring 630 to retract into the air hole 312, the piston 620 plugs the air hole 312, and mushroom dreg is prevented from entering the aeration cavity 311; in this embodiment, the aperture of the air leakage hole 614 is smaller than the particle size of the mushroom dregs, so that the air leakage hole 614 has a filtering function for the mushroom dregs in the mushroom dregs pile 100, and the air leakage hole 614 is preferably prevented from being blocked by the interval telescopic movement of the piston 620.
In this embodiment, the aeration rod 200 includes aeration columns 210 connected in sequence, and the rotation shaft 300 includes rotation shaft columns 500 connected in sequence and located in the corresponding aeration columns 210; a cavity 501 with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in the rotating shaft column 500, first sliding grooves 502 are symmetrically arranged on the side wall and the upper end of the cavity 501 along the vertical direction, and positioning blocks 503 extending into the corresponding first sliding grooves 502 are arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft column 500; a lifting rod 510 capable of lifting is arranged in the cavity 501, a lifting block 511 extending out of the first sliding groove 502 is arranged on the lifting rod 510, a sliding ring 520 screwed on the lifting block 511 is arranged outside the rotating shaft column 500, a sliding groove 521 is arranged on the outer side surface of the sliding ring 520 along the circumferential direction of the sliding ring, a second sliding groove 504 is oppositely arranged at the lower end of the lifting rod 510 along the vertical direction, a retaining ring 530 is arranged outside the lifting rod 510, a sliding block extending into the corresponding second sliding groove 504 is arranged on the retaining ring 530, a fixing ring 540 which is positioned below the retaining ring 530 and through which the lower end of the lifting rod 510 passes is arranged in the cavity 501 in a threaded manner, a fixing nut 513 positioned below the fixing ring 540 is arranged on the lifting rod 510 in a threaded manner, and a second spring 550 used for pushing the retaining ring 530 to move upwards to drive the lifting rod 510 to move upwards is sleeved on the lifting rod 510; the aeration column 210 is provided with a notch which is positioned above the corresponding air vent 312, the aeration cavity 311 is internally provided with an inserting plate 400 which can extend out of the corresponding notch, the end part of the inserting plate 400 positioned in the aeration cavity 311 is provided with an ejector rod 401 which penetrates through the corresponding first sliding groove 502 and extends into the cavity 501, the end part of the inserting plate 400 positioned in the aeration cavity 311 is provided with an installation part 402, the aeration cavity 311 is internally provided with an installation rod 420 which penetrates through the corresponding installation part 402, the installation rod 420 is sleeved with a third spring 421 which is used for pushing the inserting plate 400 to move into the aeration cavity 311, the lifting block 511 is provided with a first inclined surface 512, and the lifting rod 510 moves downwards and is used for driving the first inclined surface 512 to extrude the ejector rod 401 to extend out of the first sliding groove 502 and be clamped into the sliding groove 521.
In this embodiment, a mounting member is formed among one aeration column 210, the rotation shaft column 500 and the lifting rod 510, and the mounting member is sequentially mounted to form the aeration apparatus 110; wherein, a group of air holes 312 are uniformly distributed on the outer side surface of the aeration column 210 along the circumferential direction thereof, a notch positioned on the corresponding air hole 312 is arranged on the outer side wall of the aeration column 210, threaded holes are arranged on the outer side wall of the aeration column 210 and positioned at two ends of the notch, and the mounting rod 420 is installed in the threaded holes in a threaded manner, thereby realizing the installation of the inserting plate 400 at the notch; through the structure in the embodiment, the driving shaft 710 extends into the aeration cavity 311 to extrude the lifting rod 510 to move downwards, the lifting block 511 is driven to move downwards along the first sliding groove 502 to extrude the top rod 401 through the first inclined plane 512, the inserting plate 400 extends out of the groove opening and is inserted into the mushroom dreg pile 100, and finally the top rod 401 is clamped into the sliding groove 521, so that the rotating shaft column 500 can rotate, and the lower end parts of the lifting rods 510 are matched with each other, so that the lifting rod 510 at the uppermost end descends to drive the lifting rods 510 to descend completely, and all the inserting plates 400 are driven to be inserted into the mushroom dreg pile 100, wherein the mushroom dreg at the air holes 312 is pushed in the process that the inserting plates 400 are inserted into the mushroom dreg pile 100, so that the air flow at the air holes 312 is facilitated, and the aeration is facilitated; because the positioning blocks 503 extend into the corresponding first chutes 502, the rotating shaft columns 500 are connected in the circumferential direction, so that the rotation of the driving shaft 710 can drive the rotating shaft 300 formed by the rotating shaft columns 500 to rotate, and the aeration operation is realized; when the driving shaft 710 is detached, the second spring 550 pushes the corresponding lifting rod 510 to move upwards and return, and the inserting plate 400 retracts into the notch under the action of the third spring 421, so as to preferably avoid that the inserting plate 400 extends out of the notch to cause the aeration device 110 to not descend into the ground to cause the pile turning operation of the mushroom dreg pile 100.
In this embodiment, the lower end of the driving shaft 710 is provided with a locking groove 711, and the upper end of the lifting rod 510 is provided with a locking block 514 extending into the locking groove 711, so as to better connect the driving shaft 710 and the upper end of the lifting rod 510, so that the driving shaft 710 can rotate to drive the lifting rod 510 to rotate, and further drive the rotating shaft 300 to rotate integrally.
In this embodiment, the upper end of the aeration column 210 is provided with an internal thread mounting groove 411, the lower end of the aeration column 210 is provided with an external thread mounting groove 412 with threads extending into the internal thread mounting groove 411 of the adjacent aeration column 210, and the aeration column 210 can be spliced and connected by the mutual matching of the internal thread mounting groove 411 and the external thread mounting groove 412.
In this embodiment, the ground is provided with a base 330 which can be retracted into the ground, and the aeration column 210 at the lowest end is screwed on the base 300; the ground is internally provided with an installation cavity for the base 330 to extend into, and the installation cavity is internally provided with an air cylinder for driving the base 330 to lift, so that the aeration device 110 can be retracted into the ground through the arrangement of the structure, and the pile turning operation of the mushroom dreg pile is facilitated.
In this embodiment, an opening at the upper end of the uppermost aeration column 210 is provided with a mounting plate 230, the mounting plate 230 is provided with a mounting hole 911 through which the driving shaft 710 passes, a spring mounting cavity 912 having an opening facing the mounting hole 911 is provided in the mounting plate 230, an upper plate surface of the mounting plate 230 is provided with a limiting chute 913 communicated with the spring mounting cavity 912, a positioning rod 930 having one end extending into the mounting hole 911 is provided in the spring mounting cavity 912 through a fourth spring 920, and the positioning rod 930 is provided with a shifting column 931 extending out of the limiting chute 913; a positioning slide groove 712 into which the positioning rod 931 extends is provided along the circumferential direction on the outer side surface of the drive shaft 710.
In this embodiment, the mounting plate 230 is threadedly mounted in the internal thread mounting groove 411, and the positioning rod 930 is inserted into the positioning sliding groove 712 by the above-mentioned structure, so that the driving shaft 710 is preferably rotatably mounted on the mounting plate 230, and the positioning rod 930 is retracted into the spring mounting cavity 912 by pulling the poking column 931 along the limiting sliding groove 712, so as to remove the mounting of the driving shaft 710, and enable the driving shaft to be detached and convenient to use.
In this embodiment, the lower side surface of the notch is provided with a second inclined surface 631 along the extending direction thereof, the second inclined surface 631 is provided with a flow channel 632 communicating with the air holes 312 along the up-down direction, and the flow channel 632 is arranged corresponding to the air leakage holes 614; a convex block 641 is arranged at the outer end part of the insert plate 400, and a third inclined surface 811 which is attached to the second inclined surface 631 and used for plugging the flow channel 632 is arranged on the convex block 641; the end of the piston 620 located in the air hole 312 is located at the rear side of the flow channel 632, and the piston 320 moves towards the opening of the air hole 312 to drive the air leakage hole 614 to be arranged corresponding to the flow channel 632.
In this embodiment, the outer side surface of the bump 641 is provided with a fourth inclined surface 812, so that the insertion plate 400 can move more conveniently in the mushroom dreg pile 100; by the structure of the embodiment, the driving shaft 710 presses down to drive the insert plate 400 to extend and insert into the mushroom dreg stack 100, so that the second inclined surface 631 is separated from the third inclined surface 811, and the opening of the flow channel 632 is opened, and meanwhile, under the action of the insert plate 400 and the projection 641, a larger space is left at the opening of the flow channel 632 to facilitate the gas to flow into the flow channel 632; in this embodiment, the aperture of the air leakage hole 614 is small, which has a filtering effect on the mushroom dregs in the dreg pile 100, and the piston 620 is located at the rear side of the opening of the flow channel 632, so that the air leakage hole 61 and the flow channel 632 can be correspondingly communicated in the process that the piston 620 moves towards the opening of the air leakage hole 312, thereby realizing the aeration operation on the dreg pile 100; meanwhile, when the piston 620 resets, the oyster mushroom residues remained in the flow channel 632 can fall into the air holes 312, and the oyster mushroom residues falling into the air holes 312 can be pushed out of the air holes 312 in the process that the piston 620 moves again, so that the air holes 312 are prevented from being blocked, and the aeration effect is better; in this embodiment, the second inclined surface 631 and the third inclined surface 641 are arranged, so that the third inclined surface 641 extrudes the oyster mushroom dregs to move downwards along the second inclined surface 631 and discharge the oyster mushroom dregs in the process of resetting the inserting plate 400, and preferably, the second inclined surface 631 and the third inclined surface 641 are attached to block the opening of the flow channel 632, thereby preventing the aeration device 110 from moving downwards on the ground.
In summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer is characterized in that: the material mainly comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
oyster mushroom dregs: 80-85 parts of (by weight),
water: 15-20 parts of (by weight),
organic fertilizer zymocyte: 1-2 parts of (A) a solvent,
lime: 3-5 parts of (A) a water-soluble polymer,
calcium sulfate: 4-6 parts.
2. The preparation process of the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the raw material composition according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
s1, crushing oyster mushroom dregs to enable the oyster mushroom dregs to be in a loose state;
s2, adding water and organic fertilizer zymophyte into the S1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
s3, adding lime and calcium sulfate into the mixture in the S2 to adjust the pH, stacking the mixture into a bacterial slag pile, and performing aerobic fermentation;
and S4, fermenting the mushroom dreg pile for 50 days, aerating the mushroom dreg pile once every 5 days, and turning the mushroom dreg pile once every 10 days to obtain the oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer.
3. An oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer production apparatus for carrying out the aeration operation of S4 in claim 2, characterized in that: the device comprises aeration devices (110) which are arranged in a mushroom dreg stack (100) at intervals, wherein each aeration device (110) comprises an aeration rod (200) which is arranged along the vertical direction in a splicing manner, an aeration cavity (311) with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in each aeration rod (210), a plurality of air holes (312) are arranged on the side wall of each aeration cavity (311) along the vertical direction at intervals, and the air holes (312) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of each aeration rod (200); a rotating shaft (300) which can rotate and can be spliced is arranged in the aeration cavity (311), fan blades (301) are arranged on the rotating shaft (300) at intervals, and the fan blades (301) are used for blowing air in the aeration cavity (311) upwards; the upper end of the aeration rod (200) is provided with a driving mechanism (220) for driving the rotating shaft (300) to rotate, the driving mechanism (220) comprises a driving shaft (710) extending into the aeration cavity (311), the upper end of the driving shaft (710) is provided with a cross-shaped rotating rod (720), and the end of the rotating rod (720) is provided with a hemispherical air speed cup (721).
4. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer preparation device of claim 3, wherein: a plugging mechanism (320) for plugging the air holes (312) is arranged in the air exposure cavity (311), the plugging mechanism (320) comprises a mounting ring (610) which is arranged at the air holes (312) in a threaded manner, a sliding ring (611) opposite to the air holes (312) is arranged on the mounting ring (610), through holes (612) are formed in the sliding ring (611) corresponding to the air holes (312), a piston (620) extending into the corresponding air holes (312) is arranged at the sliding ring (611), a support column (621) penetrating through the through holes (612) is arranged at the end part of the piston (620) located in the air exposure cavity (311), the end part of the piston (620) located in the air exposure cavity (311) extends outwards to form a spring mounting part (622), and a first spring (630) for pushing the support column (621) to penetrate through the through holes (612) is sleeved outside the piston (620); an air cavity (613) is arranged in the piston (620), an air leakage hole (614) is arranged on the side wall of the air cavity (613), and an air passage (615) communicated with the aeration cavity (311) is arranged in the air cavity (613); the rotating shaft (300) is provided with a support rod (501) for pushing the support column (621) to drive the piston (620) to extend out of the air hole (312).
5. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer preparation device of claim 4, wherein: the aeration rod (200) comprises aeration columns (210) which are sequentially connected, and the rotating shaft (300) comprises rotating shaft columns (500) which are sequentially connected and positioned in the corresponding aeration columns (210); a cavity (501) with openings at the upper end and the lower end is arranged in the rotating shaft column (500), first sliding grooves (502) are symmetrically arranged on the side wall of the cavity (501) and positioned at the upper end along the vertical direction, and positioning blocks (503) extending into the corresponding first sliding grooves (502) are arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft column (500); a lifting rod (510) capable of lifting is arranged in the cavity (501), a lifting block (511) extending out of the corresponding first sliding groove (502) is arranged on the lifting rod (510), a sliding ring (520) in threaded connection with the lifting block (511) is arranged outside the rotating shaft column (500), a sliding groove (521) is formed in the outer side surface of the sliding ring (520) along the circumferential direction of the sliding ring, a second sliding groove (504) is formed in the lower end portion of the lifting rod (510) in the vertical direction, a supporting ring (530) is arranged outside the lifting rod (510), a sliding block extending into the corresponding second sliding groove (504) is arranged on the supporting ring (530), a fixing ring (540) which is located below the supporting ring (530) and through which the lower end of the lifting rod (510) passes is arranged in the cavity (501) in a sleeved mode, a fixing nut (513) located below the fixing ring (540) is arranged on the upper thread of the lifting rod (510), and a second spring (550) used for pushing the supporting ring (530) to move upwards to drive the lifting rod (510) to move upwards is arranged on the lifting rod (510); be equipped with the notch that is located corresponding bleeder vent (312) top on aeration post (210), be equipped with picture peg (400) that can stretch out corresponding notch in aeration chamber (311), picture peg (400) are located and are equipped with on the tip in aeration chamber (311) and pass corresponding first spout (502) and stretch into ejector pin (401) in cavity (501), the tip department that picture peg (400) are located in aeration chamber (311) is equipped with installation department (402), be equipped with in aeration chamber (311) and pass installation pole (420) that correspond installation department (402), the cover is equipped with third spring (421) that are used for promoting picture peg (400) immigration in aeration chamber (311) on installation pole (420), be equipped with first inclined plane (512) on elevator block (511), elevator rod (510) move down and are used for driving first inclined plane (512) extrusion ejector pin (401) and stretch out first spout (502) and block in sliding groove (521).
6. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer preparation device of claim 5, wherein: the lower end part of the driving shaft (710) is provided with a clamping groove (711), and the upper end part of the lifting rod (510) is provided with a clamping block (514) extending into the clamping groove (711).
7. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer preparation device of claim 5, wherein: an opening at the upper end of the uppermost aeration column (210) is provided with a mounting plate (230), the mounting plate (230) is provided with a mounting hole (911) for a driving shaft (710) to pass through, a spring mounting cavity (912) with an opening facing the mounting hole (911) is arranged in the mounting plate (230), the upper plate surface of the mounting plate (230) is provided with a limiting sliding groove (913) communicated with the spring mounting cavity (912), a positioning rod (930) with one end extending into the mounting hole (911) is arranged in the spring mounting cavity (912) through a fourth spring (920), and a shifting column (931) extending out of the limiting sliding groove (913) is arranged on the positioning rod (930); a positioning sliding groove (712) for the positioning rod (931) to extend into is arranged on the outer side surface of the driving shaft (710) along the circumferential direction.
8. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer preparation device of claim 5, wherein: the upper end of the aeration column (210) is provided with an internal thread mounting groove (411), and the lower end of the aeration column (210) is provided with an external thread mounting groove (412) which is threaded into the internal thread mounting groove (411) on the adjacent aeration column (210).
9. The oyster mushroom residue organic fertilizer preparation device of claim 5, wherein: a second inclined plane (631) is arranged on the lower side surface of the notch along the extension direction of the notch, a flow channel (632) communicated with the air holes (312) is arranged on the second inclined plane (631) along the up-down direction, and the flow channel (632) is arranged corresponding to the air leakage holes (614); a convex block (641) is arranged at the outer end part of the insert plate (400), and a third inclined surface (811) which is attached to the second inclined surface (631) and used for plugging the flow channel (632) is arranged on the convex block (641); the end part of the piston (620) positioned in the air hole (312) is positioned at the rear side of the flow channel (632), and the piston (320) moves to the opening of the air hole (312) and is used for driving the air leakage hole (614) to be arranged corresponding to the flow channel (632).
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| CN202111366856.7A CN113912438A (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2021-11-18 | Oyster mushroom dreg organic fertilizer and process and device thereof |
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