CN113907204A - 一种猪用胆汁酸 - Google Patents
一种猪用胆汁酸 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸20‑26份，植酸酶0.1‑0.3份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.1‑0.3份，牛磺酸25‑35份，柠檬酸2‑6份，包膜丁酸钠1‑3份，葡萄糖15‑25份，氯化钾0.5‑1.5份，氯化钠1‑3份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.3‑0.9份，氯化锌0.5‑1.9份，有机铁0.5‑1.5份，氯化胆碱10‑14份，沸石粉2.5‑3.3份。本发明通过鸡胆汁酸和氯化胆碱协同作用促进生猪对食物有效消化吸收，提高生长性能，而且解决了同源性问题，减少了潜在的，不确定的传播疾病风险。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及饲料的技术领域，特别是猪用胆汁酸的技术领域。
【背景技术】
自2018年以来非洲猪瘟肆虐，对生猪养殖影响很大，如何健康养好猪，不仅是生猪养殖业的大事，也是确保百姓菜篮子工程民生课题。生猪养殖追求肯吃爱长，采食量高，肠道消化好，然而猪饲料组份多以高蛋白、高脂肪为主。一部分被吸收利用，过多的营养物质，被贮存在皮下、肠系膜、肝脏等部位，其余的营养物质来不及消化吸收，随粪便分布在排泄物中造成环境严重污染。
在饲料中添加猪用胆汁酸可以促进促进生猪对食物有效消化吸收，提高生长性能。现有的猪用胆汁酸一般是由猪胆汁提取的，存在同源性污染的隐患。同源性污染是指动物食用其同类动物的肉，骨，血液等动物组织生产的动物源性饲料，产生的潜在的，不确定的传播疾病风险。
动物源性饲料的同源性污染的关注源于1985年英国爆发的疯牛病。在对疯牛病的研究中，研究人员最终确定牛的喂养饲料——牛、羊的动物肉骨粉造成了疯牛产生及传播。该病已在欧美国家爆发，亚洲的韩国、日本也受到波及，受影响的国家达100多个。疯牛病也可以传染给人，引起一种病死率极高的神经退化病——新型克雅病。2006年我国暴发的猪的高热病给我国的养猪业带来了巨大的打击,而在调查病因时发现发病猪场大多都使用过同源性动物饲料,无论这是巧合还是必然都值得我们对同源性动物饲料产品的使用进行深入的思考。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的就是解决现有技术中的问题，提出一种猪用胆汁酸，选用鸡胆汁酸和氯化胆碱复合配方，促进生猪对食物有效消化吸收，提高生长性能，解决饲料同源性问题，还能有效乳化脂肪和平衡电解质。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出了一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸20-26份，植酸酶0.1-0.3份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.1-0.3份，牛磺酸25-35份，柠檬酸2-6份，包膜丁酸钠1-3份，葡萄糖15-25份，氯化钾0.5-1.5 份，氯化钠1-3份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.3-0.9份，氯化锌0.5-1.9份，有机铁0.5-1.5 份，氯化胆碱10-14份，沸石粉2.5-3.3份。
作为优选，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸24份，植酸酶0.2份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.2份，牛磺酸30份，柠檬酸4份，包膜丁酸钠2份，葡萄糖20 份，氯化钾1份，氯化钠2份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.6份，氯化锌1.2份，有机铁1 份，氯化胆碱12份，沸石粉2.8份。
作为优选，所述鸡胆汁酸和所述氯化胆碱的质量比为2:1。
作为优选，所述鸡胆汁酸的总胆汁酸含量不小于80％。
作为优选，所述鸡胆汁酸的制备方法如下：
步骤一：取冷冻鲜鸡胆，通过切肉机切碎后放置在室温下缓冻融化，挤压后除去胆皮，收集胆汁；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的胆汁加热并调节PH值到4-5，加热温度为80℃，以4500转/min的速度离心分离胆蛋白，剩余胆汁加强碱调PH值到10-11，加热浓缩水解8-10小时，浓缩至除去一半水分，冷却室温；
步骤三：加盐酸调PH值到3-4，继续搅拌，沉于底部的胆汁酸边搅拌变硬化，硬化完全后去掉上层酸水液，取底部胆汁酸硬膏，胆汁酸硬膏在80℃下抽真空，烘干4-6小时，干燥完成后粉碎包装,即得鸡胆汁酸原粉，得到的鸡胆汁酸原粉中水分含量不大于10％。
作为优选，所述步骤二中加热浓缩水解的时间为9小时；所述步骤三中，烘干的时间为5小时。
作为优选，所述步骤二中的强碱为氢氧化钠。
作为优选，所述有机铁为乳酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁和甘氨酸螯合铁中的至少一种。
本发明的有益效果：
1.本发明通过鸡胆汁酸促进生猪对食物有效消化吸收，提高其生长性能，而且解决了同源性问题，减少了潜在的，不确定的传播疾病风险。
2.配方中的氯化胆碱、植酸酶、葡萄糖氧化酶、凝结芽孢杆菌促进消化吸收改变肠道菌群成分；
3.选用柠檬酸酸化剂、牛磺酸、包膜丁酸钠加强多种消化系统功能，促进生猪对食物有效消化吸收，提高生长性能，同时调节肠道菌群，增加保肝护肾作用；
4.胆汁酸表面的亲水极和疏水极有效将脂肪乳化成脂滴或乳糜微粒，改善不溶于水的物质在水中溶解度，提高脂肪油脂成分消化吸收，增进生猪食欲，促进其增重，预防脂肪肝，促进免疫机能，减少肠道感染预防细菌病毒性疾病的发生，氯化胆碱通过胆汁酸盐起作用，增加胆汁酸盐颗粒来乳化脂肪，与胆汁酸有协同增效作用，有效调整脂肪代谢和转化，提高氨基酸利用率，清除脂肪肝，重新分配脂肪，被肌肉组织吸收，形成肌间质，改善肉质；
5.从牛羊鸡鸭的胆汁中分离提取的多组分化合物，具有多重功效，可以促进脂肪及脂溶性物质的乳化、消化、吸收，提高脂肪利用率；还具有降解毒素、内毒素，解毒排毒、保肝利胆护肠等功能；可以有效排出肝脏内的毒素，减轻肝脏负担，降低毒素在肝脏内的蓄积；可以助消化，提高饲料中能量利用，满足得病时的营养需要；还可以提高肝脏内各种酶的活性，修复受损肝细胞，恢复细胞功能；且胆汁酸为体内不断代谢的次生内源物质，毒性很低可以做到保肝护肝作用；氯化胆碱可预防肝脏、肾脏中的脂肪积累及其组织变性；可促进氨基酸的再组合；可提高氨基酸，尤其是必需的氨基酸蛋氨酸在体内的利用率。氯化胆碱能促进必需氨基酸的吸收，转化，可以预防肝肾组织中的脂肪沉积，但不能排毒，不能带出蓄积于肝脏中的毒素，胆汁酸与氯化胆碱合用有调节脂代谢，促进消化吸收，保肝护肝，同时加大排毒，减轻肝脏负担，保肝排毒利胆作用，尤其对免疫功能低下的哺乳母猪，有保肝、下乳、清泪斑、去死皮、返情慢等作用；对仔猪有助消化、缓解营养性腹泻功能
6.葡萄糖氧化酶可以耗掉肠道内氧气，形成厌氧环境，促进乳酸菌滋生，清除肠道有害菌，通过肠道菌群改善，进而与凝结芽孢杆菌协同，消化食物靡中纤维成分，达到双重保护肠道功能，有利于胆汁酸乳化脂肪，容易被肠绒毛吸收，进行肝肠循环；
7.包膜丁酸钠掩盖不良气味与牛磺酸、柠檬酸三种酸化剂提高采食量，增加消化功能；
8.葡萄糖、氯化钠和氯化钾能够防止仔猪腹泻导致电解质紊乱；
9.配方中添加有机铁可以解决仔猪和母猪产后贫血问题，有机铁可以补血提高血红蛋白数量，提高生猪的免疫力，加强动物体抗菌抗病能力。
本发明的特征及优点将通过实施例进行详细说明。
【具体实施方式】
实施例1：
一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸24份，植酸酶0.2 份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.2份，牛磺酸30份，柠檬酸4份，包膜丁酸钠2份，葡萄糖20份，氯化钾1份，氯化钠2份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.6份，氯化锌1.2份，甘氨酸螯合铁1份，氯化胆碱12份，沸石粉2.8份；所述鸡胆汁酸的总胆汁酸含量不小于80％；
所述鸡胆汁酸的制备方法如下：
步骤一：取冷冻鲜鸡胆，通过切肉机切碎后放置在室温下缓冻融化，挤压后除去胆皮，收集胆汁；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的胆汁加热调节PH值到4-5，加热温度为80℃，以 4500转/min的速度离心分离胆蛋白，剩余胆汁加氢氧化钠调PH值到10-11，加热浓缩水解8小时，浓缩至除去一半水分，冷却室温；
步骤三：加盐酸调PH值到3-4，继续搅拌，沉于底部的胆汁酸边搅拌变硬化，硬化完全后去掉上层酸水液，取底部胆汁酸硬膏，胆汁酸硬膏在80℃下抽真空，烘干4小时，干燥完成后粉碎包装,即得鸡胆汁酸原粉，得到的鸡胆汁酸原粉中水分含量不大于10％。
实施例2：
一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸20份，植酸酶0.1 份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.1份，牛磺酸25份，柠檬酸2份，包膜丁酸钠1份，葡萄糖15份，氯化钾0.5份，氯化钠1份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.3份，氯化锌0.5份，乳酸亚铁0.5份，氯化胆碱10份，沸石粉2.5份；所述鸡胆汁酸的总胆汁酸含量不小于80％；
所述鸡胆汁酸的制备方法如下：
步骤一：取冷冻鲜鸡胆，通过切肉机切碎后放置在室温下缓冻融化，挤压后除去胆皮，收集胆汁；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的胆汁加热并调节PH值到4-5，加热温度为80℃，以4500转/min的速度离心分离胆蛋白，剩余胆汁加氢氧化钠调PH值到10-11，加热浓缩水解10小时，浓缩至除去一半水分，冷却室温；
步骤三：加盐酸调PH值到3-4，继续搅拌，沉于底部的胆汁酸边搅拌变硬化，硬化完全后去掉上层酸水液，取底部胆汁酸硬膏，胆汁酸硬膏在80℃下抽真空，烘干6小时，干燥完成后粉碎包装,即得鸡胆汁酸原粉，得到的鸡胆汁酸原粉中水分含量不大于10％。
实施例3：
一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸26份，植酸酶0.3 份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.3份，牛磺酸35份，柠檬酸6份，包膜丁酸钠3份，葡萄糖25份，氯化钾1.5份，氯化钠3份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.9份，氯化锌1.9份，富马酸亚铁1.5份，氯化胆碱14份，沸石粉3.3份；所述鸡胆汁酸的总胆汁酸含量不小于80％；
所述鸡胆汁酸的制备方法如下：
步骤一：取冷冻鲜鸡胆，通过切肉机切碎后放置在室温下缓冻融化，挤压后除去胆皮，收集胆汁；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的胆汁加热调节PH值到4-5，加热温度为80℃，以 4500转/min的速度离心分离胆蛋白，剩余胆汁加氢氧化钠调PH值到10-11，加热浓缩水解9小时，浓缩至除去一半水分，冷却室温；
步骤三：加盐酸调PH值到3-4，继续搅拌，沉于底部的胆汁酸边搅拌变硬化，硬化完全后去掉上层酸水液，取底部胆汁酸硬膏，胆汁酸硬膏在80℃下抽真空，烘干5小时，干燥完成后粉碎包装,即得鸡胆汁酸原粉，得到的鸡胆汁酸原粉中水分含量不大于10％。。
对比例1：
一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸24份，植酸酶0.2 份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.2份，牛磺酸30份，柠檬酸4份，包膜丁酸钠2份，葡萄糖20份，氯化钾1份，氯化钠2份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.6份，氯化锌1.2份，甘氨酸螯合铁1份，沸石粉2.8份；所述鸡胆汁酸的总胆汁酸含量不小于80％；
所述鸡胆汁酸的制备方法如下：
步骤一：取冷冻鲜鸡胆，通过切肉机切碎后放置在室温下缓冻融化，挤压后除去胆皮，收集胆汁；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的胆汁加热调节PH值到4-5，加热温度为80℃，以 4500转/min的速度离心分离胆蛋白，剩余胆汁加氢氧化钠调PH值到10-11，加热浓缩水解8小时，浓缩至除去一半水分，冷却室温；
步骤三：加盐酸调PH值到3-4，继续搅拌，沉于底部的胆汁酸边搅拌变硬化，硬化完全后去掉上层酸水液，取底部胆汁酸硬膏，胆汁酸硬膏在80℃下抽真空，烘干4小时，干燥完成后粉碎包装,即得鸡胆汁酸原粉，得到的鸡胆汁酸原粉中水分含量不大于10％。
对比例2：
一种猪用胆汁酸，由如下重量份的原料组成：植酸酶0.2份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.2份，牛磺酸30份，柠檬酸4份，包膜丁酸钠2份，葡萄糖20份，氯化钾1份，氯化钠2份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.6份，氯化锌1.2份，甘氨酸螯合铁1 份，氯化胆碱12份，沸石粉2.8份。
对比试验：
试验选取同一养殖场内平均体重为50kg的健康生猪200头，经统计分析体重差异不显著。随机分成五组，其中三组为实施例1-3的试验组，另外两组分别为对比例1-2的对照组，每组5个重复，每个重复10头，公母各半。五组的饲料中分别添加实施例1-3和对比例1-2制得的猪用胆汁酸，每天记录各组的生猪生长状况，试验30天后，结果如下表：
表1
| 项目 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
| 初始重(kg) | 50.2 | 50.5 | 50.1 | 50.4 | 50.2 |
| 末重(kg) | 73.5 | 72.3 | 74.2 | 71.6 | 65.6 |
| 日增重(g) | 814 | 798 | 812 | 806 | 720 |
| 背膘厚(cm) | 1.05 | 1.12 | 1.16 | 1.52 | 1.22 |
| 瘦肉率(％) | 72.5 | 68.6 | 70.2 | 61.3 | 55.6 |
| 屠宰率(％) | 76.3 | 75.8 | 78.6 | 73.5 | 70.2 |
试验结果表明在饲料中同时添加鸡胆汁酸和氯化胆碱可使生猪有效消化吸收脂肪，提高瘦肉率，提高生猪的生长性能；不添加鸡胆汁酸的对比例2试验组增重缓慢，瘦肉率低；不添加氯化胆碱的对比例1试验组增重速度较好，但瘦肉率远低于实施例1-3。
这是由于氯化胆碱可以通过胆汁酸盐起作用，增加胆汁酸盐颗粒来乳化脂肪，与胆汁酸有协同增效作用，有效调整脂肪代谢和转化，提高氨基酸利用率，清除脂肪肝，重新分配脂肪，被肌肉组织吸收，形成肌间质，改善肉质，所以只有同时添加氯化胆碱和鸡胆汁酸时，生猪可以达到较高的瘦肉率，生长性能更加优秀。
而且经过实验筛选，当鸡胆汁酸和氯化胆碱添加的质量比为2：1时，对脂肪的改善效果最佳。
本发明还对仔猪和母猪具有针对性的疗效作用。分别以母猪和仔猪为研究对象，在仔猪的饲料中添加本发明的猪用胆汁酸，添加量250g/吨，使用后，仔猪腹泻降低了60％，皮红毛亮，仔猪基本没有呼吸道症状，抗病力加强，均匀度好；在母猪的饲料中添加本发明的猪用胆汁酸，添加量500g/吨，母猪使用后 7-10天除肝毒，清泪斑去死皮，28天奶水足，母子不发病少发病，仔猪成活率高。
上述实施例是对本发明的说明，不是对本发明的限定，任何对本发明简单变换后的方案均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸20-26份，植酸酶0.1-0.3份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.1-0.3份，牛磺酸25-35份，柠檬酸2-6份，包膜丁酸钠1-3份，葡萄糖15-25份，氯化钾0.5-1.5份，氯化钠1-3份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.3-0.9份，氯化锌0.5-1.9份，有机铁0.5-1.5份，氯化胆碱10-14份，沸石粉2.5-3.3份。
2.如权利要求1所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于，由如下重量份的原料组成：鸡胆汁酸24份，植酸酶0.2份，葡萄糖氧化酶0.2份，牛磺酸30份，柠檬酸4份，包膜丁酸钠2份，葡萄糖20份，氯化钾1份，氯化钠2份，凝结芽孢杆菌0.6份，氯化锌1.2份，有机铁1份，氯化胆碱12份，沸石粉2.8份。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于：所述鸡胆汁酸的总胆汁酸含量不小于80％。
4.如权利要求1或2或3所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于，所述鸡胆汁酸的制备方法如下：
步骤一：取冷冻鲜鸡胆，通过切肉机切碎后放置在室温下缓冻融化，挤压后除去胆皮，收集胆汁；
步骤二：将步骤一得到的胆汁加热调节PH值到4-5，加热温度为80℃，以4500转/min的速度离心分离胆蛋白，剩余胆汁加强碱调PH值到10-11，加热浓缩水解8-10小时，浓缩至除去一半水分，冷却室温；
步骤三：加盐酸调PH值到3-4，继续搅拌，沉于底部的胆汁酸边搅拌变硬化，硬化完全后去掉上层酸水液，取底部胆汁酸硬膏，胆汁酸硬膏在80℃下抽真空，烘干4-6小时，干燥完成后粉碎包装,即得鸡胆汁酸原粉，得到的鸡胆汁酸原粉中水分含量不大于10％。
5.如权利要求4所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于：所述步骤二中加热浓缩水解的时间为9小时；所述步骤三中，烘干的时间为5小时。
6.如权利要求4所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于：所述步骤二中的强碱为氢氧化钠。
7.如权利要求1所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于：所述有机铁为乳酸亚铁、富马酸亚铁和甘氨酸螯合铁中的至少一种。
8.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的猪用胆汁酸，其特征在于：所述鸡胆汁酸和所述氯化胆碱的质量比为2:1。
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| CN111616275A (zh) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-04 | 河北坤元饲料有限公司 | 一种哺乳母猪配合料及其制备方法 |
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| CN103349186A (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-10-16 | 正大康地（澄海）有限公司 | 一种断奶后仔猪饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
| CN104041678A (zh) * | 2014-05-28 | 2014-09-17 | 山东龙昌动物保健品有限公司 | 一种胆汁酸组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN110214868A (zh) * | 2019-06-03 | 2019-09-10 | 华北制药集团动物保健品有限责任公司 | 一种预防仔猪腹泻的混合型饲料添加剂及应用 |
| CN110200127A (zh) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-06 | 康地饲料（中国）有限公司 | 一种促进哺乳期母猪多产奶的功能营养包及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN111616275A (zh) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-09-04 | 河北坤元饲料有限公司 | 一种哺乳母猪配合料及其制备方法 |
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