CN113906894A - Light potato combine harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and discloses a light potato combine harvester which comprises a micro-cultivator, wherein a suspension frame is connected behind the micro-cultivator, a vibration excavation subsystem, a vibration screening subsystem and a material lifting subsystem are sequentially connected on the suspension frame, the vibration excavation subsystem, the vibration screening subsystem and the material lifting subsystem are used for shoveling, vibrating and excavating, screening and screening, the material lifting subsystem and the vibration screening subsystem share one power source I, the material lifting subsystem only uses one power source II, and a rear wheel matched with the micro-cultivator is further arranged on the suspension frame. The combined harvester of the invention is agricultural equipment integrating digging, soil screening, lifting and collecting, has reasonable structural design, moderate weight and size, low power, lower cost and strong practicability, and is particularly suitable for combined harvesting of potatoes in small plots such as hills and mountains.

Description

Light potato combine harvester

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a light potato combine harvester.

Background

Potato is the fourth major food crop in China all over the world, and the yield of potato is second to that of wheat, rice and corn. The potato can be used as both vegetable and grain, so that it is a kind of crop for both food and grain. How to improve the mechanization level of the whole process of potato production has important significance for promoting the staple food process of potatoes and guaranteeing the grain safety. At present, the potato digging has manual operation and mechanical operation, and the former has high cost and low efficiency of potato production mode based on manual operation, greatly influences the benefits and planting enthusiasm of farmers, and seriously restricts the development of the potato industry in the market; the latter can be classified into a lightweight excavator, a segmental harvester and a combine harvester according to technical principles and structures.

The light and simple potato excavator is simple in structure, is suitable for harvesting under a loose soil single-ridge double-row or single-ridge single-row planting mode, completes potato soil separation and laying in a short stroke after excavation, and comprises a vibration excavation type, a poking roller pushing type, a disc grid type, a damage-prevention chain type and the like. In the harvesting process, the potato skins and all parts of the separating screen are subjected to collision impact and contact friction violently, and the gum layer is easy to break and damage due to the effects of bearing various static loads, shearing, extruding, vibrating, impact loads and the like.

The operation process flow of the sectional type harvester is generally as follows: firstly killing seedlings, then loosening the soil, excavating, separating, laying, picking up, and carrying out seedling killing and harvesting operations in sections, and using a seedling killing machine and a harvesting machine to operate independently. The sectional type harvester structure generally comprises a soil loosening and depth limiting device, an excavating device, a soil and vine cutting device, a potato and soil separating device and the like. The sectional type harvester has more types, and the potato-soil separation forms of the sectional type harvester are various and comprise single-section separation, two-section separation, one-stage vibration separation, two-stage vibration separation and the like. The potato sectional harvester is mainly characterized in that seedling killing and harvesting are performed separately, potato blocks need to be picked up manually after being dug, separated and laid, and the potato sectional harvester is low in efficiency, high in cost and high in labor intensity.

Compared with a sectional type harvester and a light and simple excavator, the combined harvester reduces manual picking links and improves production efficiency. The potato combine harvester has a self-propelled type and a traction type, and key parts are generally added on the basis of a sectional harvester so as to realize the processes of high-efficiency low-loss cleaning and impurity removal, sorting and grading, potato collection and loading and the like. The purposes of improving the operation process and improving the production efficiency are achieved by prolonging the separation stroke, optimizing and improving the potato-soil-impurity separation process and the like, but the problems of large power requirement, large size of the whole machine, high damage rate and the like exist, and the method is only applied to leveling the field at present.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the invention aims to provide a light potato combine harvester with a light structure and high integration level, and aims to solve the problems of low efficiency, high cost and high labor intensity in potato harvesting.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a light potato combine harvester which comprises a mini-tiller, wherein a suspension rack is connected to the rear of the mini-tiller, a vibration excavation subsystem, a vibration screening subsystem and a material lifting subsystem are sequentially connected to the suspension rack, the vibration excavation subsystem, the vibration screening subsystem and the material lifting subsystem are used for shoveling, vibrating and excavating, screening and screening, and material conveying, the vibration excavation subsystem and the vibration screening subsystem share one power source I, the material lifting subsystem only uses one power source II, and rear wheels matched with the mini-tiller are further arranged on the suspension rack.

Furthermore, variable frequency motors are adopted for the power source I and the power source II.

Further, the suspension frame consists of a human-shaped frame, an upper pull rod, a lower pull rod, a cross arm and a rotating shaft, wherein the top of the human-shaped frame is hinged with the upper pull rod, two sides of the human-shaped frame are respectively provided with the lower pull rod, and the upper pull rod and the lower pull rod are both connected with the mini-tiller; a pair of parallel cross arms are arranged on the anthropomorphic frame and on two sides opposite to the lower pull rod, the vibration excavation subsystem, the vibration screening subsystem and the material lifting subsystem are arranged on the cross arms, and rotating shafts used for mounting rear wheels are respectively arranged on the two cross arms.

Furthermore, a lifting pull rod connected with the mini-tiller is further arranged on the lower pull rod, and the lifting pull rod is a hydraulic push rod.

Further, the vibration excavation subsystem is composed of a shovel vibration assembly and a plane shovel, the shovel vibration assembly comprises a second rotating rod, a second driven wheel, a second eccentric cam, a shovel frame and a connecting rod, the second rotating rod is arranged on the suspension rack, the second driven wheel is arranged on the second rotating rod, the shovel frame is arranged on the second rotating rod through the second eccentric cam, the connecting rod is arranged between the shovel frame and the suspension rack, and the plane shovel is arranged on the shovel frame; the second driven wheel is used as a direct driving force by the power source I, or used as a transmission driving force of the power source I by the vibration screening subsystem.

Further, the plane shovel is composed of a flat shovel and a grass sliding shovel, and the flat shovel is arranged on each of two sides of the grass sliding shovel.

Further, the vibration screening subsystem is composed of a screen vibration assembly, a width-limiting screen bar and a vibration screen, wherein the screen vibration assembly comprises a first driven wheel, a first eccentric cam, a first rotating rod and a crank connecting rod mechanism, the first rotating rod is arranged on the suspension rack, the first driven wheel is arranged on the first rotating rod, the crank connecting rod mechanism is arranged on the first rotating rod through the first eccentric cam, the crank connecting rod mechanism is also respectively connected with the suspension rack and the vibration screen connecting rod, and the vibration screen is also connected with the suspension rack through the width-limiting screen bar; the first driven wheel is used as a direct driving force by a power source I or used as a transmission driving force of the power source I by a vibration excavation subsystem.

Furthermore, the vibration excavation subsystem or the vibration screening subsystem further comprises a driving wheel connected with the power source I.

Further, the material lifting subsystem is composed of a frame, a mounting plate, a chain conveying belt and hook claws, the frame is arranged on the suspension rack, the chain conveying belt and the mounting plate are arranged on the frame, the power source II is arranged on the mounting plate and used for driving the chain conveying belt, and the hook claws are arranged on the chain conveying belt and staggered with the vibrating screen.

Furthermore, the combine harvester also comprises a plate trailer which is connected behind the suspension frame and used for placing the material frame, and auxiliary wheels are arranged on the plate trailer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the light potato combine harvester provided by the invention integrates digging, soil screening, lifting and collecting, and is particularly suitable for combined harvesting of potatoes in small plots such as hills and mountains. The excavation adopts a vibration excavation mode, so that the soil resistance can be effectively reduced, and the power consumption is reduced. And a vibration potato-soil separation mode is used for screening soil to further separate potato soil. The lifting uses a finger claw type structure, and the potato-soil separation can be strengthened again in the lifting process.

2. The light potato combine harvester has an integral operation structure, can be conveniently lifted and lowered, and is convenient to transport, turn around in the field and the like; and structural design is reasonable, and weight, size are moderate, and power is little, and the cost is lower, only need on the basis of ploughing the machine a little dispose two inverter motor as the power supply just, the practicality is strong, also can be fine be applicable to hills mountain region.

Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.

Drawings

For purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a light potato combine harvester of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a portion of the components of the light potato combine harvester of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the material lifting subsystem of the light potato combine according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a simplified suspension mechanics diagram of a suspended frame in the light potato harvester combine of the present invention;

description of reference numerals: the system comprises a micro-cultivator 1, a suspension frame 2, a shoveling and vibrating assembly 3, a screening and vibrating assembly 4, a power source I5, a power source II 6, a material lifting subsystem 7, rear wheels 8, a plate vehicle 9, auxiliary wheels 10, width limiting screen bars 11, a vibrating screen 12, a flat shovel 13 and a grass sliding shovel 14; the device comprises a human-shaped frame 21, an upper pull rod 22, a lifting pull rod 23, a lower pull rod 24, a cross arm 25, a rotating shaft 26 and a connecting seat 27; a second rotating lever 31, a second driven wheel 32, a second eccentric cam 33, a shovel frame 34, a connecting rod 35; a driving wheel 41, a first driven wheel 42, a first eccentric cam 43, a first rotating rod 44, a crank link mechanism 45; frame 71, mounting plate 72, chain conveyor belt 73, hook 74; a cross arm 221 and a lift arm 222.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following embodiments. Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.

As shown in fig. 1-4, the light potato combine harvester mentioned in this embodiment can be mainly divided into a walking system and a harvesting system, wherein the walking system is designed into a four-wheel front-drive and articulated steering structure, i.e. front wheels are steered and rear wheels are driven; the steering, speed changing and braking are realized by a speed changer, and the automatic walking and manual walking functions are designed, for example, the existing light farm tool equipment such as a mini-tiller or a farming machine is adopted, and the driving power of the light farm tool equipment comes from an air-cooled diesel engine. A GPS automatic navigation system is also arranged so as to grasp and operate the light potato combine harvester. The walking system in the embodiment comprises a micro-cultivator 1, a suspension frame 2 connected behind the micro-cultivator, and rear wheels 8 arranged on the suspension frame 2 and matched with the micro-cultivator. The suspension frame 2 consists of a human-shaped frame 21, an upper pull rod 22, a lifting pull rod 23, a lower pull rod 24, a cross arm 25 and a rotating shaft 26, wherein the top of the human-shaped frame 21 is hinged with the upper pull rod 22, the upper pull rod 22 consists of a cross arm 221 and a lifting arm 222 which are connected with each other, the two sides of the human-shaped frame 21 are respectively provided with the lower pull rod 24, and the lifting arm 222 and the lower pull rod 24 of the upper pull rod 22 are both connected with the mini-tiller 1; a pair of parallel cross arms 25 are arranged on the anthropomorphic frame 21 and opposite to two sides of the lower pull rod 24, rotating shafts 26 for mounting rear wheels 8 are respectively arranged on the two cross arms 25, a lifting pull rod 23 connected with the mini-tiller 1 is also arranged on the lower pull rod 24, and the lifting pull rod 24 adopts a hydraulic push rod. If the power of the power output shaft of the mini-tiller is set to be less than 15kw, a three-point suspension device is designed according to GB/T1593.4-2004. The maximum lift stroke is designed to be 400 mm. The lowest height of the lower suspension point is 100 mm. The fixed point of the lower pull rod is designed to have a clearance of 300mm from the ground, the length of the lower pull rod is 584mm, and the maximum rotation angle of the lower pull rod is 40 degrees. The length of the lifting arm is 150mm, the length of the lifting pull rod is 314mm, and the length of the hinged position of the lifting pull rod and the lower pull rod is 220 mm. The vertical distance between the fixed points of the upper pull rod and the lower pull rod is 306 mm. If the lifting arm rotates anticlockwise by 35 degrees along the horizontal plane, the lower pull rod rotates anticlockwise by 20 degrees along the horizontal plane, and the tail end of the lower pull rod is lifted by 200 mm; if the lifting arm rotates clockwise by 46 degrees along the horizontal plane, the lower pull rod rotates clockwise by 20 degrees along the horizontal plane, and the tail end of the lower pull rod descends by 200 mm; if the lift arm is horizontal, the lower link is also in the horizontal plane. The harvesting system comprises a vibration excavating subsystem, a vibration screening subsystem and a material lifting subsystem, wherein the vibration excavating subsystem, the vibration screening subsystem and the material lifting subsystem are sequentially connected on a cross arm 25 of the suspension rack 2 and are used for shoveling, vibrating and excavating, the vibration screening subsystem for screening, vibrating and selecting and the material lifting subsystem for conveying materials, the vibration excavating subsystem and the vibration screening subsystem share one power source I5, the material lifting subsystem only uses one power source II 6, the cost can be reduced, and the compact and reliable integral structure can be ensured; this power supply I5 and power supply II 6 all adopt inverter motor, the control operation of being convenient for, and be applicable to in-service use. Like this, this light-duty potato combine can realize excavating depth, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude adjustable to can collect excavation, sieve soil, promote, collect agricultural implement equipment as an organic whole, its excavation adopts the vibration excavation mode, can effectual reduction soil resistance, reduces power consumption. And a vibration potato-soil separation mode is used for screening soil to further separate potato soil. The lifting uses the finger claw type structure on the lifting device, and the potato-soil separation can be strengthened again in the lifting process.

Specifically, the vibration excavation subsystem is by shovel subassembly 3 that shakes, the plane shovel is constituteed, and the shovel subassembly that shakes includes second dwang 31, the second is from driving wheel 32, second eccentric cam 33, shovel frame 34, connecting rod 35 constitutes, rotatable the installing on the cross arm 25 that hangs frame 2 of second dwang 31, the second is established on second dwang 31 from the fixed cover of driving wheel 32, shovel frame 34 is established on second dwang 31 through second eccentric cam 33, shovel frame 34 still with hang being equipped with connecting rod 35 between the people's shape frame 21 of frame 2, the plane shovel is established on shovel frame 34, and like this, accessible second is implemented from the driving wheel and is rotated the back, it is rotatory to drive the second dwang, thereby drive the rotation of second eccentric cam, and then make shovel frame and plane shovel vibrate. Meanwhile, the adopted plane shovel is suitable for various soils, and the change of the shovel inclination angle has no influence on the amount of the picked-up objects. A plane shovel is generally used for ridge culture. The eccentric cam is connected to the shovel frame upper end, and the eccentric bearing size is: the inner diameter is 35mm, the outer diameter is 90mm, the height is 25mm, and the maximum eccentricity is 10 mm. I.e. a crank radius of 10 mm.

The vibration screening subsystem is composed of a screen vibration assembly 4, a width-limiting screen bar 11 and a vibration screen 12, the screen vibration assembly comprises a driving wheel 41, a first driven wheel 42, a first eccentric cam 43, a first rotating rod 44 and a crank link mechanism 45, the first rotating rod 44 is rotatably installed on a cross arm 25 of the suspension rack 2, the driving wheel 41 and the first driven wheel 42 are fixedly sleeved on the first rotating rod 44, the crank link mechanism 45 is installed on the first rotating rod 44 through the first eccentric cam 43, the crank link mechanism 45 is further respectively connected with the suspension rack 2 and the vibration screen 12, the vibration screen 12 is further connected with the suspension rack 2 through the width-limiting screen bar 11, the driving wheel 41 is further in transmission connection with a power source I5, and the first driven wheel 42 is further in transmission connection with a second driven wheel 32; like this, drive the action wheel through power supply I and rotate the back and drive first rotation pole and rotate, and first rotation pole then drives first from driving wheel and first eccentric cam and rotates, and first from driving wheel can drive the second again and rotate from the driving wheel, and then can realize making plane shovel and shale shaker vibration through same power supply I. The vibration screening subsystem is designed into a suspension rod and crankshaft overhead type swing single-screen structure, namely, the connection point and the crankshaft are both arranged above the vibration screen, and the vibration screening subsystem is designed into a swing type screening mode and has smaller vibration frequency and larger amplitude. The swing is driven by a power source I, namely a variable frequency motor, and the frequency is adjustable. Eccentric bearings are used to generate vibration, and a crank-link mechanism is used to change the rotation of the shaft into swing. The lower end is provided with a swing amplifying mechanism. Thus, the variable frequency motor drives the eccentric bearing to rotate through the belt by the vibration screening subsystem, and the shaft rotation is changed into swing by adopting a crank-rocker mechanism.

The material lifting subsystem is composed of a frame 71, a mounting plate 72, chain conveying belts 73 and hooks 74, wherein the frame 71 is fixedly mounted on the cross arm 25 of the suspension rack 2, the chain conveying belts 73 and the mounting plate 72 are fixedly mounted on the frame 71, a power source II 6 is fixedly mounted on the mounting plate 72 and used for driving the chain conveying belts 73, and the hooks 74 are mounted between the two groups of chain conveying belts in a plurality of groups of spaced single rows and are staggered with the vibrating screen 12. Therefore, the chain conveying belt welded with the hook claws is adopted, the hook claws and the vibrating screen are arranged in a staggered mode, when the potatoes reach the tail portion of the vibrating screen, the hook claws grab the potatoes, the chain wheel drives the chain to move upwards under the driving of the power source II, and the potatoes fall out after being brought to the highest point by the hook claws. The inclination angle between the chain conveying belt and the ground is 65 degrees, the lifting height is 722mm, the driving chain wheel is connected with the power source II through a belt, and the power of a variable frequency motor adopted by the driving chain belt is 370W. While the connecting base 27 on the cross arm 25 of the suspension frame 2 is connected with the pallet 9 for placing the material frame (not shown) so that the potatoes falling out of the material lifting subsystem can fall into the material frame on the pallet 9, and the pallet 9 is provided with the auxiliary wheel 10 so as to move along with the suspension mechanism and keep the motion synchronism with the material lifting subsystem.

The plane shovel in the embodiment is composed of a flat shovel 13 and a grass sliding shovel 14, and the flat shovels are respectively arranged on two sides of the grass sliding shovel. In this way, the rootstocks and the grass can be cut during the excavation.

During the use, will integrate vibration excavation subsystem, vibration screening subsystem, material lifting subsystem and the suspension mechanism of wooden handcart and connect behind the machine is ploughed a little, can drive vibration excavation subsystem through controlling the machine is ploughed a little and carry out shovel shake excavation, vibration screening subsystem realizes the sieve and shakes the selection, material lifting subsystem realizes that the material is carried and the wooden handcart realizes continuous excavation, sieve soil, promotion, the collection integration operation that the material frame was collected, reach orderly joint harvest purpose that integrates.

The light potato combine harvester designed by the scheme can be suitable for hilly and mountainous regions. Has the advantages of light weight, medium size, low power and moderate cost. Adopts a self-propelled structure, and has the working parameters as follows: the digging width is 100cm, and two sides are independently dug; digging depth of 20-25 cm; the excavation depth, width, vibration frequency and vibration amplitude can be adjusted. The power source is as follows: a diesel engine; the transmission mode is as follows: walking: mechanical transmission; fixedly excavating; vibration separation: electric transmission; lifting the excavating component: and (4) electrically driving.

Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all that should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. Light-duty potato combine harvester, including ploughing machine (1) a little, its characterized in that, it hangs frame (2) to plough the machine back a little, it links up in order and is used for shovel vibration excavation subsystem, is used for the sieve to shake the vibration screening subsystem of choosing and is used for the material to carry the material lifting subsystem of ploughing to be equipped with in the frame, vibration excavation subsystem and vibration screening subsystem share a power supply I (5), material lifting subsystem exclusive use a power supply II (6), hang still be equipped with in the frame with plough quick-witted complex rear wheel (8) a little.

2. The light potato combine harvester of claim 1, wherein the power source I and the power source II are variable frequency motors.

3. The light-weight potato combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the suspension frame is composed of a human-shaped frame (21), an upper pull rod (22), a lower pull rod (24), a cross arm (25) and a rotating shaft (26), the top of the human-shaped frame is hinged with the upper pull rod, two sides of the human-shaped frame are respectively provided with the lower pull rod, and the upper pull rod and the lower pull rod are both connected with the mini-tiller; a pair of parallel cross arms are arranged on the anthropomorphic frame and on two sides opposite to the lower pull rod, the vibration excavation subsystem, the vibration screening subsystem and the material lifting subsystem are all arranged on the cross arms, and rotating shafts used for mounting rear wheels are respectively arranged on the two cross arms.

4. The light potato combine harvester of claim 3, wherein the lower pull rod is further provided with a lifting pull rod (23) connected with the mini-tiller, and the lifting pull rod is a hydraulic push rod.

5. The light-duty potato combine harvester of claim 1, characterized in that the vibration excavation subsystem is composed of a shovel vibration assembly (3) and a plane shovel, the shovel vibration assembly comprises a second rotating rod (31), a second driven wheel (32), a second eccentric cam (33), a shovel frame (34) and a connecting rod (35), the second rotating rod is arranged on the suspension frame, the second driven wheel is arranged on the second rotating rod, the shovel frame is arranged on the second rotating rod through the second eccentric cam, the connecting rod is arranged between the shovel frame and the suspension frame, and the plane shovel is arranged on the shovel frame; the second driven wheel is used as a direct driving force by the power source I, or used as a transmission driving force of the power source I by the vibration screening subsystem.

6. The light potato combine harvester of claim 5, wherein the flat shovel comprises a flat shovel (13) and a grass-sliding shovel (14), and the flat shovel is arranged on each side of the grass-sliding shovel.

7. The light-weight potato combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the vibration screening subsystem is composed of a screen vibration assembly (4), a width-limiting screen bar (11) and a vibration screen (12), the screen vibration assembly comprises a first driven wheel (42), a first eccentric cam (43), a first rotating rod (44) and a crank-link mechanism (45), the first rotating rod is arranged on the suspension rack, the first driven wheel is arranged on the first rotating rod, the crank-link mechanism is arranged on the first rotating rod through the first eccentric cam, the crank-link mechanism is respectively connected with the suspension rack and a vibration screen link, and the vibration screen is further connected with the suspension rack through the width-limiting screen bar; the first driven wheel is used as a direct driving force by a power source I or used as a transmission driving force of the power source I by a vibration excavation subsystem.

8. The lightweight potato harvester of any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the vibratory excavation subsystem or the vibratory screening subsystem further comprises a drive wheel (41) connected to a power source I.

9. The light potato combine harvester of claim 7, wherein the material lifting subsystem comprises a frame (71) mounted on the overhead frame, a mounting plate (72), a chain conveyor (73), and fingers (74), the chain conveyor and the mounting plate being mounted on the frame, the power source (II) being mounted on the mounting plate and adapted to drive the chain conveyor, the fingers being mounted on the chain conveyor and staggered with respect to the shaker.

10. The lightweight potato combine harvester of claim 1, further comprising a pallet (9) attached to the rear of the suspended frame for receiving a material frame, the pallet having auxiliary wheels (10).

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