CN113896976A - 可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113896976A CN113896976A CN202111189560.2A CN202111189560A CN113896976A CN 113896976 A CN113896976 A CN 113896976A CN 202111189560 A CN202111189560 A CN 202111189560A CN 113896976 A CN113896976 A CN 113896976A
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- C08L23/0807—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing more than three carbon atoms
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/28—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
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- C08L23/0846—Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons containing other atoms than carbon or hydrogen atoms
- C08L23/0853—Vinylacetate
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物及其制备方法,属于高分子材料制备领域。本发明的材料原料包括聚烯烃类树脂,相容剂,瓷化粉,助熔剂,阻燃剂,润滑剂,抗氧剂,偶联剂,交联敏化剂。将上述原料按照特定的顺序混料并挤出造粒,在制作成最终产品时使用辐照交联技术。本发明的材料除了具有一般陶瓷化聚烯烃组合物的耐火性质外,还具有非常好的阻燃性及耐温性,燃烧时产烟量低、无毒无腐蚀,使用辐照交联技术,进一步提升了其使用温度,拓展了陶瓷化聚烯烃组合物的使用范围。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子材料制备领域,更具体地说,涉及可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚烯烃高分子材料主要由碳、氢及氧元素组成,大多数氧指数都低于21,属于可燃、易燃材料,并且在燃烧过程中热释放速率大、热值高、火焰传播速度快、不易熄灭,甚至在燃烧时产生大量浓烟和有毒性气体,同时聚烯烃高分子材料广泛用于工业生产及人民的日常生活中,所以一旦发生火灾,将给环境造成巨大危害,对人们的生命财产安全形成巨大威胁。所以在很多领域使用时,都需对其进行低烟无卤阻燃处理,以使其达到难燃性、自熄性、低烟性及无毒无腐蚀性,有时还需具有耐火性,比如用于应急设施或者设备的电线电缆,以保障在火灾发生时,设备能够持续的运行一段时间,为火灾被困人员的逃生及消防人员的施救创造有利条件。
可瓷化低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物是一种同时具有阻燃性质及可瓷化性质的新型高分子材料,在通常的环境下具有阻燃高分子材料的性能,在高温情况下(例如火灾发生时)可快速瓷化,形成具有一定强度和自支撑能力的多孔陶瓷状耐火、隔热、绝缘壳体,可应用于电线电缆及密封条等领域。
在已公开的中国专利文献中涉及可瓷化聚烯烃高分子材料的技术信息很多,但都没有涉及到对其进行辐照交联的研究,且多为热塑性,而热塑性可瓷化聚烯烃高分子材料在电线电缆领域中长期使用温度不超过90℃,但有些电线电缆要求长期使用温度达到105℃及以上,所以也有必要对其进行交联,以拓展其使用范围。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的上述问题,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物。本发明所要解决的另一技术问题在于提供前述材料的制备方法,在制作成最终产品时使用辐照交联技术,使其阻燃耐火的同时提高其使用温度。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,以重量份数计,其原料包含:聚烯烃类树脂60~100份,相容剂2~30份,瓷化粉80~200份,助熔剂30~120份,阻燃剂20~100份,润滑剂1~10份,抗氧剂1~4份,偶联剂:1~6份,交联敏化剂1~5份。
所述聚烯烃类树脂为:聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙丙橡胶、乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物和乙烯-辛烯共聚物中的一种或几种。
所述的相容剂为:马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯辛烯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝乙丙橡胶和乙烯-丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐三元共聚物中的一种或几种。
所述瓷化粉为:高岭土、硅灰石、蒙脱土、云母粉、白炭黑、三氧化二锑、碳酸钙、滑石粉中的一种或几种。
所述助熔剂为:无铅低软化点玻璃粉、硼酸锌、三氧化二硼、氧化钼、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化钙中的一种或几种。
所述无铅低软化点玻璃粉为:低软化点硅酸盐类玻璃粉、低软化点硼酸盐类玻璃粉、低软化点磷酸盐类玻璃粉、低软化点铋酸盐类玻璃粉中的一种或几种,软化点范围为300~700℃。
所述阻燃剂为:氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、聚磷酸铵(APP)、磷酸三苯酯(TPP)、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)、有机次磷酸铝、无机次磷酸铝、红磷中的一种或几种。
所述润滑剂为:硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、聚乙烯蜡、乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、硅油、硅酮中的一种或几种。
所述的抗氧剂为:四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯(1010)、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯(168)、硫代二丙酸双十八酯(DSTP)、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯(DLTP)、(4.4’-双(α.α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺)(KY405)、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)(300)中的一种或几种。
所述的偶联剂为:硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、硬脂酸中的一种或几种。
所述交联敏化剂为:三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯(TAIC)、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯(TMPTMA)、1,2-聚丁二烯中的一种或几种。
可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的制备方法如下:
(1)按配方组成将60~100份聚烯烃类树脂倒入密炼机,不加压的情况下启动密炼机,将1~6份偶联剂及1~5份交联敏化剂倒入密炼机与聚烯烃类树脂混合10~15秒钟后停止密炼机,按配方组成倒入余下组分,启动密炼机,下放压锤加压密炼至100~105℃时上提加压锤,待密炼机中物料翻转后再下放加压锤,加压密炼至120~125℃时再次上提加压锤,待密炼机中物料翻转后下放加压锤,密炼至135~145℃时出料并送入锥形喂料机,经挤出温度为90~150℃的双螺杆熔融挤出分散后进入挤出温度为90~140℃的单螺杆挤出造粒,经热切、风冷及过筛后即可得到可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的粒料;
(2)将可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的粒料在开炼机上于100~140℃下塑化出片,将所得的片置于150~170℃下的液压机中不加压预热10min,后加压5min,再加压冷却至室温,液压机压力不小于15MPa,片的厚度为1mm;
(3)将所得的片进行辐照交联,辐照剂量为6~15Mrad,热延伸控制在10~70%。
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明除了具有一般陶瓷化聚烯烃材料的耐火性质外,还具有非常好的阻燃性,燃烧时产烟量低、无毒无腐蚀,同时加入交联敏化剂,使用辐照交联技术,进一步提升了其使用温度(使用温度105℃及以上),拓展了陶瓷化聚烯烃材料的使用范围。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
实施例1:
线性低密度聚乙烯:10份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物:30份,乙烯-辛烯共聚物:39份马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物:21份,高岭土:20份,蒙脱土:15份,白炭黑:7份,滑石粉:40份,硅灰石:30份,低软化点硅酸盐类玻璃粉:30份,硼酸锌:40份,氢氧化镁:34份,有机次磷酸铝:12份,红磷:8份,硅烷偶联剂:2份,聚乙烯蜡:1份,硅酮:2份,1010:0.5份,DLTP:0.5份,TAIC:2份。
按配方组成将聚烯烃类树脂先倒入密炼机,不加压的情况下启动密炼机,将2份偶联剂及2份TAIC倒入密炼机与聚烯烃类树脂混合12秒钟后停止密炼机,按配方组成倒入余下组分,启动密炼机,下放压锤加压密炼至105℃时上提加压锤,待密炼机中物料翻转后再下放加压锤,加压密炼至125℃时再次上提加压锤,待密炼机中物料翻转后下放加压锤,密炼至140℃时出料并送入锥形喂料机,经挤出温度为90~150℃的双螺杆熔融挤出分散后进入挤出温度为90~140℃的单螺杆挤出造粒,经热切、风冷及过筛后即可得到可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的粒料。
将可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的粒料在开炼机上于120℃下塑化出片,将所得的片置于170℃下的液压机中不加压预热10min,后加压5min,再加压冷却至室温,液压机压力不小于15MPa,片的厚度为1mm。
将所得的片进行辐照交联,辐照剂量为6~15Mrad,热延伸控制在10~70%。
实施例2:
乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物:40份,乙烯-辛烯共聚物:39份,马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物:21份,云母粉:13份,蒙脱土:19份,白炭黑:3份,滑石粉:44份,硅灰石:13份,三氧化二锑:12份,氧化钼:5份,低软化点磷酸盐类玻璃粉:33份,硼酸锌:33份,氢氧化铝:49份,红磷:12份,硅烷偶联剂:2份,聚乙烯蜡:1份,硅酮:2份,1010:0.5份,DLTP:0.5份,TAIC:2份。
制备方法同实施实施例1。
实施例3:
乙丙橡胶:10份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物:36份,乙烯-辛烯共聚物:39份马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯:15份,云母粉:10份,蒙脱土:19份,白炭黑:3份,滑石粉:46份,硅灰石:15份,碳酸钙:20份,低软化点铋酸盐类玻璃粉:25份,硼酸锌:41份,氢氧化铝:40份,有机次磷酸铝:10份,聚磷酸铵:7份,硅烷偶联剂:2份,聚乙烯蜡:1份,硅酮:2份,1010:0.5份,DLTP:0.5份,TAIC:2份。
制备方法同实施实施例1。
实施例4:
上述由实施例1至实施例3所制得的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的性能测试数据如下表1所示:
表1
从表中数据可以看出,本发明的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物满足标准GB/T32129中关于125℃无卤低烟阻燃交联型聚烯烃绝缘料及护套料的要求,并且氧指数远高于标准,说明阻燃比一般的无卤低烟阻燃聚烯烃要好。
在约2.5mm2的铜芯导体上挤包0.8~1mm厚的本发明的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,辐照交联后按照国家标准GB/T19216.21-2003进行线路完整性耐火试验,试验结果如下表2所示:
表2
本发明不限于上述实施例,在本发明的构思范围内,根据上述说明书的描述,本领域的技术人员还可做一些显而易见的改变,但这些改变均应落入本发明权力要求的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,以重量份数计,其原料包含:聚烯烃类树脂60~100份,相容剂2~30份,瓷化粉80~200份,助熔剂30~120份,阻燃剂20~100份,润滑剂1~10份,抗氧剂1~4份,偶联剂:1~6份,交联敏化剂1~5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述聚烯烃类树脂为:聚乙烯、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物、乙丙橡胶、乙烯-丁烯共聚物、乙烯-己烯共聚物和乙烯-辛烯共聚物中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述的相容剂为:马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯醋酸乙烯酯、马来酸酐接枝乙烯辛烯共聚物、马来酸酐接枝乙丙橡胶和乙烯-丙烯酸酯-马来酸酐三元共聚物中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述瓷化粉为:高岭土、硅灰石、蒙脱土、云母粉、白炭黑、三氧化二锑、碳酸钙、滑石粉中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述助熔剂为:无铅低软化点玻璃粉、硼酸锌、三氧化二硼、氧化钼、氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化钙中的一种或几种;所述无铅低软化点玻璃粉为:低软化点硅酸盐类玻璃粉、低软化点硼酸盐类玻璃粉、低软化点磷酸盐类玻璃粉、低软化点铋酸盐类玻璃粉中的一种或几种,软化点范围为300~700℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述阻燃剂为:氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、聚磷酸铵、磷酸三苯酯、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐、有机次磷酸铝、无机次磷酸铝、红磷中的一种或几种;所述润滑剂为:硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、聚乙烯蜡、乙撑双硬脂酰胺、硅油、硅酮中的一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述的抗氧剂为:四[β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸]季戊四醇酯、三[2.4-二叔丁基苯基]亚磷酸酯、硫代二丙酸双十八酯、硫代二丙酸二月桂酯、4.4’-双(α.α-二甲基苄基)二苯胺、4,4′-硫代双(6-叔丁基-3-甲基苯酚)中的一种或几种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述的偶联剂为:硅烷偶联剂、钛酸酯偶联剂、铝酸酯偶联剂、硬脂酸中的一种或几种。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物,其特征在于,所述交联敏化剂为:三烯丙基异三聚氰酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、1,2-聚丁二烯中的一种或几种。
10.权利要求1~9任一所述的可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)按配方组成将聚烯烃类树脂倒入密炼机,不加压的情况下启动密炼机,将偶联剂及交联敏化剂倒入密炼机与聚烯烃类树脂混合10~15秒钟后停止密炼机,按配方组成倒入余下组分,启动密炼机,下放压锤加压密炼至100~105℃时上提加压锤,待密炼机中物料翻转后再下放加压锤,加压密炼至120~125℃时再次上提加压锤,待密炼机中物料翻转后下放加压锤,密炼至135~145℃时出料并送入锥形喂料机,经挤出温度为90~150℃的双螺杆熔融挤出分散后进入挤出温度为90~140℃的单螺杆挤出造粒,经热切、风冷及过筛后即可得到可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的粒料;
(2)将可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物的粒料在开炼机上于100~140℃下塑化出片,将所得的片置于150~170℃下的液压机中不加压预热10min,后加压5min,再加压冷却至室温,液压机压力不小于15MPa,片的厚度为1mm;
(3)将所得的片进行辐照交联,辐照剂量为6~15Mrad,热延伸控制在10~70%,即得所述可瓷化辐照交联低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃组合物。
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