CN113896888A - 一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂 - Google Patents
一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明是一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂，按重量份，由1‑50份辛胺、1‑50份十二烷基伯胺、1‑50份油基伯胺和40‑100份二丙烯酸酯化合物反应而得产物，低粘度环氧增韧剂的粘度为50‑1000厘泊。发明的低粘度环氧增韧剂基于加成聚合反应制备，具有反应快速、无溶剂、无后续处理、不引入其他杂质等优点。通过调整烷基伯胺和二丙烯酸酯化合物的投料比，可控制增韧剂的分子量和粘度，制备的环氧增韧剂具有显著降低环氧粘合剂粘度、增韧效果良好、吸水率低等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于粘合剂技术领域，具体涉及一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂。
背景技术
环氧粘合剂具有优异的粘接性和耐化学腐蚀等性能，广泛应用于航空航天、土木建筑、家用电器等多个领域。但未增韧的环氧粘合剂产品较脆，本体材料的断裂伸长率低，受到冲击作用或内应力时易开裂，严重时甚至造成脱胶等问题。利用液体橡胶增韧是改性环氧粘合剂的常用措施之一，如丙烯酸酯橡胶，其主链中不含双键、不易发生氧化降解或高温交联，对环氧粘合剂具有良好的增韧效果。发明专利CN101993670B公开了含活性基团的聚丙烯酸酯增韧剂的制备方法，先将丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸以及丙烯酸缩水甘油酯等原料混合，加入过氧化苯甲酰引发反应一定时间，而后加入十二烷基硫醇链转移剂反应数小时，最后加入对苯二酚终止反应，得到含活性基团的聚丙烯酸酯增韧剂。发明专利申请CN105646797A公开了一种丙烯酸酯改性环氧增韧剂的合成，先用甲基丙烯酸在三苯基膦催化下改性环氧树脂，再加入丙烯酸异辛酯，通过偶氮二异丁腈引发，接枝反应丙烯酸改性的环氧树脂，得到丙烯酸异辛酯改性的环氧树脂增韧剂，该丙烯酸酯改性增韧剂，粘度在100000-300000之间。
现有的基于丙烯酸酯的环氧增韧剂技术，增韧剂粘度较大，这会引起环氧粘合剂体系的粘度偏高；另外，在合成时需加入催化剂、链转移剂等助剂，在增韧剂产品中难以被除去，会影响性能。制备过程一般采取过氧化物引发的自由基聚合，步骤多方法复杂，反应条件苛刻，需要惰性气体保护，以免空气中的氧气阻聚。
发明内容
为了解决现有基于丙烯酸酯的环氧增韧剂技术不足，满足液体成型环氧粘合剂需要的低粘度增韧方案，使其同时能实现应用性能的提高和保证成型所需的工艺性，本发明提供了一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂。
一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂的技术方案：按重量份，由1-50份辛胺、1-50份十二烷基伯胺、1-50份油基伯胺和40-100份二丙烯酸酯加成聚合反应制备而得产物，其中所述的二丙烯酸酯化合物为1，6己二醇二丙烯酸酯和1，4丁二醇二丙烯酸酯的1种或2种；产物低粘度环氧增韧剂的粘度为50-1000厘泊(23℃)。
所述的基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂的制备∶在反应瓶中按比例加入各种烷基伯胺和二丙烯酸酯单体，分别在20-40℃和60-80℃下搅拌反应数小时，得到所述的环氧增韧剂。控制烷基伯胺与二丙烯酸酯的投料摩尔比，以调控增韧剂的聚合度，使得增韧剂的粘度在50-1000厘泊之间，优选在100-500厘泊。
本发明原理和有益效果：
本发明的低粘度环氧增韧剂由不同分子量的烷基伯胺和二丙烯酸酯化合物通过胺与丙烯酸酯基团的加成聚合反应制备。所述的低粘度环氧增韧剂优点包括：(1)双极性的分子结构：主链由丙烯酸酯与胺基加成聚合而成，具有较强极性，与极性环氧树脂相互作用强、相容性好；支链为饱和碳氢结构的脂肪烃，呈现出非极性特征，具有优异的疏水性能。(2)多支链的梳状分子结构：通过烷基伯胺的端胺基与丙烯酸酯基团反应，可使长链烷基形成支链分布在主链两侧，这种梳状分子结构，特别有利于降低增韧剂粘度，从而降低增韧环氧粘合剂的粘度。(3)性能调控方便：调整不同分子量的烷基伯胺用量、以及烷基伯胺和二丙烯酸酯化合物的投料比，可方便地控制合成的环氧增韧剂的分子量、粘度和极性，控制增韧剂与环氧树脂相互作用及其相分离程度，取得很好的环氧粘合剂拉伸强度、断裂伸长率等综合性能。(4)制备工艺简单：反应过程无溶剂、产率高、无后续处理、自催化等特性，制成的环氧增韧剂中不引入其他杂质、纯度高。
本发明的低粘度环氧增韧剂，粘度低，可有效降低环氧粘合剂的粘度，提升环氧粘合剂的延展性，提高其断裂伸长率；另外，疏水的增韧剂支链，有助于降低环氧粘合剂的吸水率、提高耐水性。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂：按重量份，由30份辛胺、1份十二烷基伯胺、1份油基伯胺和50份1，6己二醇二丙烯酸酯反应，在30℃反应2h，接着在80℃反应2h，制成的低粘度环氧增韧剂在23℃时的粘度为230厘泊。
实施例2
一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂：按重量份，由2份辛胺、2份十二烷基伯胺、50份油基伯胺、40份1，6己二醇二丙烯酸酯和2份1，6丁二醇二丙烯酸酯反应而成，在40℃反应2h，接着在75℃反应2h，制成的低粘度环氧增韧剂在23℃时的粘度为109厘泊。
性能对比结果
(1)实施例1和2低粘度环氧增韧剂的粘度分别为230厘泊和109厘泊，市售常用的环氧增韧剂，如液体聚硫橡胶的粘度为1600厘泊，液体氨基丁腈橡胶为156000厘泊。
(2)采用相同份数的增韧剂来改性环氧粘合剂，配方如下：
空白例：100重量份双酚A环氧树脂+50重量份的651聚酰胺固化剂。
应用例1：100重量份双酚A环氧树脂+50重量份651聚酰胺固化剂+40重量份的实施例1的增韧剂。
应用例2：100重量份双酚A环氧树脂+50重量份651聚酰胺固化剂+40重量份的实施例2的增韧剂。
对比例1：100重量份双酚A环氧树脂+50重量份651聚酰胺固化剂+40重量份液体聚硫橡胶。
对比例2：100重量份双酚A环氧树脂+50重量份651聚酰胺固化剂+40重量份液体氨基丁腈橡胶。
对比结果见表，从表中看出：分别采用实施例1和2增韧剂、市售常用的增韧剂来改性环氧粘合剂，应用例的本体拉伸强度和断裂伸长率与对比例的相当，说明增韧效果相当；但应用例1和2的粘度分别为2490厘泊和2410厘泊，远低于对比例1和2的5430厘泊和33100厘泊，进一步，应用例的吸水率也低于对比例。上述结果表明，本发明的低粘度环氧增韧剂具有显著降低环氧粘合剂粘度、增韧效果良好、吸水率低等优点。
表环氧粘合剂的性能
| 序号 | 性能 | 空白例 | 应用例1 | 应用例2 | 对比例1 | 对比例2 |
| 1 | 粘度(23℃)，厘泊 | 10500 | 2490 | 2410 | 5430 | 33100 |
| 2 | 本体拉伸强度，MPa | 44.8 | 28.1 | 24.6 | 22.4 | 24.4 |
| 3 | 断裂伸长率，％ | 6.4 | 13.0 | 15.9 | 13.7 | 10.1 |
| 4 | 吸水率(1天)，％ | 0.92 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.83 | 0.92 |
注：环氧粘合剂的固化条件：50℃ 6h+80℃ 1h
Claims (1)
1.一种基于丙烯酸酯和脂肪胺的低粘度环氧增韧剂，其特征在于：按重量份，由1-50份辛胺、1-50份十二烷基伯胺、1-50份油基伯胺和40-100份二丙烯酸酯加成聚合反应制备而得产物；其中所述的二丙烯酸酯为1，6己二醇二丙烯酸酯和1，4丁二醇二丙烯酸酯的1种或2种，产物低粘度环氧增韧剂在23℃时的粘度为50-1000厘泊。
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5698657A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-16 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Flexibilizing epoxy resins with low molecular weight acrylate copolymers |
| US20090308534A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Henkel Corporation | Next generation, highly toughened two part structural epoxy adhesive compositions |
| CN106085325A (zh) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-11-09 | 南京大学 | 叔胺改性液体丁腈橡胶增韧的环氧粘合剂 |
| US20170218111A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-08-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Epoxy composition containing acrylate based toughening agent |
| CN110121529A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-08-13 | 日铁化学材料株式会社 | 硬化性环氧树脂组合物、使用其的纤维强化复合材料及成形体 |
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2021
- 2021-11-08 CN CN202111319096.4A patent/CN113896888B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5698657A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-16 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Flexibilizing epoxy resins with low molecular weight acrylate copolymers |
| US20090308534A1 (en) * | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Henkel Corporation | Next generation, highly toughened two part structural epoxy adhesive compositions |
| US20170218111A1 (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2017-08-03 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Epoxy composition containing acrylate based toughening agent |
| CN106085325A (zh) * | 2016-07-14 | 2016-11-09 | 南京大学 | 叔胺改性液体丁腈橡胶增韧的环氧粘合剂 |
| CN110121529A (zh) * | 2016-12-27 | 2019-08-13 | 日铁化学材料株式会社 | 硬化性环氧树脂组合物、使用其的纤维强化复合材料及成形体 |
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