CN111263778B - 氰基丙烯酸酯组合物 - Google Patents

氰基丙烯酸酯组合物 Download PDF

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CN111263778B
CN111263778B CN201880069413.1A CN201880069413A CN111263778B CN 111263778 B CN111263778 B CN 111263778B CN 201880069413 A CN201880069413 A CN 201880069413A CN 111263778 B CN111263778 B CN 111263778B
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R·B·巴恩斯
R·海尔塞
B·N·伯恩斯
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Abstract

本发明涉及含氰基丙烯酸酯的组合物,其包含(a)氰基丙烯酸β‑烷氧基酯组分,(b)选自氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸辛酯及其组合的氰基丙烯酸酯组分;(c)橡胶增韧组分,(d)表面改性组分;和(e)粘合促进剂。本发明的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物的固化产物显示出改善的韧性,而没有含氰基丙烯酸酯的组合物中通常发现的气味。

Description

氰基丙烯酸酯组合物
背景技术
技术领域
本发明涉及含氰基丙烯酸酯的组合物,其包含(a)氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基酯组分,(b)选自氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸辛酯及其组合的氰基丙烯酸酯组分;(c)橡胶增韧组分;(d)表面改性组分;和(e)粘合促进剂。本发明的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物的固化产物显示出改善的韧性,而没有含氰基丙烯酸酯的组合物中通常发现的气味。
相关技术的简要说明
氰基丙烯酸酯粘合剂组合物是公知的,并且广泛用作具有各种用途的快速固化的瞬时粘合剂。参见H.V.Coover,D.W.Dreifus and J.T.O'Connor,"CyanoacrylateAdhesives"in Handbook of Adhesives,27,463-77,I.Skeist,ed.,Van NostrandReinhold,New York,3rd ed.(1990)。也参见G.H.Millet,"Cyanoacrylate Adhesives"inStructural Adhesives:Chemistry and Technology,S.R.Hartshorn,ed.,Plenun Press,New York,p.249-307(1986)。
美国专利号4,440,910(O’Connor)率先提出通过使用在性质上为弹性体的(即橡胶状的)特定有机聚合物作为增韧添加剂的橡胶增韧的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物。所述'910专利由此涉及并要求保护一种可固化粘合剂,其包含(a)氰基丙烯酸酯和(b)约0.5重量%至约20重量%的弹性体聚合物的基本上无溶剂的混合物。该弹性体聚合物选自低级烯烃单体和(i)丙烯酸酯、(ii)甲基丙烯酸酯或(iii)乙酸乙烯酯的弹性体共聚物。更具体地,所述'910专利指出,作为用于氰基丙烯酸酯的增韧添加剂,发现丙烯酸类橡胶;聚酯氨基甲酸酯;乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯;氟化橡胶;异戊二烯-丙烯腈聚合物;氯亚磺化聚乙烯;和聚乙酸乙烯酯的均聚物是特别有用的。
所述弹性体聚合物在所述'910专利中被描述为丙烯酸烷基酯的均聚物;另一可聚合单体(例如低级烯烃)与丙烯酸烷基酯或丙烯酸烷氧基酯的共聚物;以及丙烯酸烷基酯或丙烯酸烷氧基酯的共聚物。可与丙烯酸烷基酯和丙烯酸烷氧基酯共聚的其它不饱和单体包括二烯、反应性的含卤不饱和化合物和其它丙烯酸类单体(例如丙烯酰胺)。
常规的商购氰基丙烯酸乙酯组合物具有气味,一些最终用户发现该气味令人反感。已知氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯不具有相同的气味。还已知氰基丙烯酸乙酯组合物在固化时显示出起霜,而使用氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯倾向于不这样。
如今,市场上没有可商购的增韧、低气味/低起霜的氰基丙烯酸酯产品。可商购的增韧氰基丙烯酸酯产品主要基于氰基丙烯酸乙酯单体,并表现出(1)一些最终用户发现令人反感的气味和/或(2)在固化时有时会起霜。
可商购的氰基丙烯酸酯产品通常用乙烯∶甲基丙烯酸甲酯三元共聚物增韧。该聚合物对含有氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物几乎不贡献韧性,其原因之一可能是该聚合物显示出在氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯中很低的溶解性。
尽管迄今为止已有改善氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组合物的韧性的现有技术和努力,但是仍然存在对这种氰基丙烯酸酯组合物的固化反应产物提供韧性,同时这样做使通常与氰基丙烯酸酯组合物相关的气味和/或起霜最小化的期盼已久但未满足的需求。直到现在为止。
发明内容
因此提供了氰基丙烯酸酯组合物,其包含:(a)氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分,(b)选自氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸辛酯及其组合的氰基丙烯酸酯组分;(c)橡胶增韧组分;(d)表面改性组分;和(e)粘合促进剂。
包含氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分为该组合物提供了氰基丙烯酸酯基础,其不散发通常在氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中发现的气味。以上所述的氰基丙烯酸酯组分提供了载体,通过该载体将橡胶增韧组分引入到氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分中。如实施例中所示,橡胶增韧组分提供了改善的韧性。已知橡胶增韧组分有时表现出在氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中缺乏溶解性,特别是在含有氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中。结果,在先前尝试中观察到的韧性至多受到限制。在这方面,上述氰基丙烯酸酯组分是有帮助的。
本发明还涉及将两个基材粘结在一起的方法,所述方法包括将如上所述的组合物施用于所述基材中的至少一个,以及其后将所述基材配接在一起。
另外,本发明涉及本发明组合物的反应产物。
另外,本发明涉及制备本发明组合物的方法,以及赋予氰基丙烯酸酯组合物的固化反应产物改善的韧性,同时使通常与氰基丙烯酸酯组合物有关的气味以及有时在其固化产物中观察到的起霜最小化的方法。
通过阅读以下题为“具体实施方式”的部分会更完全地理解本发明。
具体实施方式
如上所述,本发明涉及氰基丙烯酸酯组合物,其包含:(a)氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分,(b)选自氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸辛酯及其组合的氰基丙烯酸酯组分;(c)橡胶增韧组分;(d)表面改性组分;和(e)粘合促进剂。
氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)可以选自氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基甲酯、氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸β-乙氧基甲酯、氰基丙烯酸β-乙氧基乙酯及其组合。在那些氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯中特别理想的是氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯。
氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)应以在约40重量%至约90重量%,例如约55重量%至约85重量%范围内的量包含在组合物中,例如约55重量%至约80重量%是理想的,其中约55重量%至约75重量%的范围是特别理想的,并且总组合物的约60重量%是特别合适的。
氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)可以选自氰基丙烯酸丁酯(例如氰基丙烯酸正丁酯)、氰基丙烯酸辛酯(例如氰基丙烯酸正辛酯)及其组合。
氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)应以约5重量%至约50重量%,例如约5重量%至约30重量%,适当地约7重量%至约27重量%范围内的量包含在组合物中。可以使用约10重量%至约30重量%,其中约20重量%至约35重量%的范围是理想的,并且总组合物的约30重量%是特别理想的。
适当地,氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)和氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)以约55至约85∶约5至约30的重量比存在于组合物中。
橡胶增韧组分(c)可以选自:(i)乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯和具有羧酸固化位点的单体的组合的反应产物,(ii)乙烯和丙烯酸甲酯的二聚物,(iii)偏二氯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物,(iv)氯乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物,(v)聚乙烯和聚乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物,及其组合。
理想地,选择使用乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯和具有羧酸固化位点的单体的组合的反应产物(c)(i),其中该反应产物基本上不含脱模剂、抗氧化剂、硬脂酸和聚乙二醇醚蜡、氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯。DuPont以商品名VAMAC VCS5500提供这种反应产物。
橡胶增韧组分(c)应以在约3重量%至约20重量%的范围内的量包含在组合物中,其中约5重量%至约15重量%的范围是理想的,并且总组合物的约8重量%是特别理想的。
特别令人感兴趣的添加剂是表面改性组分,其可以采取多种形式。参见例如美国专利号8,609,780(Misiak)。例如,Inhance/Fluoro-Seal,Ltd的表面改性技术是一种受控的氧化过程,其中反应性气体气氛改变了颗粒/纤维/塑料/薄膜或织物的最外分子层。该处理使分子主链和/或侧链反应,导致在表面上形成极性官能团,例如羟基和羧酸根。
根据Inhance的网站,这些含氧的化学官能团使经处理的颗粒具有高的表面能。这进而意味着经处理的颗粒易于润湿并分散在极性聚合物如多元醇中。表面改性还导致颗粒(或纤维)和基体树脂之间更牢固的结合。增强的附着力是与表面官能团和氢化学键合的结果。参见www.inhanceproducts.com/technology.html,2006年8月10日。
来自Inhance的可商购表面改性聚烯烃包括家族中描述为
Figure BDA0002464953870000041
UH-1000和HD-1000系列颗粒的那些。该家族的具体代表包括命名为UH-1045(平均尺寸为300μm)、UH-1080(平均尺寸为125μm)、UH-1200(平均尺寸为63μm),UH-1250(平均尺寸为53μm),UH-1500(平均尺寸为45μm),UH-1700(平均尺寸为38μm)和HD-1800(平均尺寸为18μm)。
Figure BDA0002464953870000042
UH-1000系列颗粒是自由流动的白色颗粒或粉末,其衍生自纯UHMWPE树脂,具有以下一般特性:
表面能:55+达因/cm(水可湿性)
比重:0.93-0.94
体积密度:20-31lb./ft3(0.32-0.50g/cc)
分子量:3,000,000-5,000,000
Figure BDA0002464953870000051
UH-1000系列颗粒据报道为复合材料提供卓越的耐磨性、降低的摩擦系数、增强的断裂功和改善的水分阻隔性。
另一种特别令人感兴趣的添加剂是粘合促进剂,例如磷酸和酸酐,如衣康酸酐。
适当地,基于组合物的总重量,氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)的存在量为约55重量%至约80重量%,并且氰基丙烯酸酯组分的存在量为约7重量%至约27重量%。
氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)与氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯(a)可以约30:70的重量比存在。
在本发明的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中也可包含加速剂,例如选自以下中的任意一种或多种:杯芳烃和氧杂杯芳烃(oxacalixarene)、硅杂冠醚(silacrown)、冠醚、环糊精、聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化含羟基化合物(ethoxylated hydric compound)及它们的组合。
在杯芳烃和氧杂杯芳烃中,许多是已知的,并且报道于专利文献中。参见例如美国专利号4,556,700、4,622,414、4,636,539、4,695,615、4,718,966和4,855,461,在此将其中每一篇的公开内容通过引用明确纳入本文。
例如,关于杯芳烃,以下结构中的那些可用于本文中:
Figure BDA0002464953870000052
其中R1是烷基、烷氧基、取代烷基或取代烷氧基;R2是H或烷基;并且n是4、6或8。
一个特别优选的杯芳烃是四丁基四[2-乙氧基-2-氧代乙氧基]杯-4-芳烃。
众多冠醚是已知的。例如,可使用以下中的任意一种或多种:15-冠-5、18-冠-6、二苯并-18-冠-6、苯并-15-冠-5-二苯并-24-冠-8、二苯并-30-冠-10、三苯并-18-冠-6、不对称-二苯并-22-冠-6、二苯并-14-冠-4、二环己基-18-冠-6、二环己基-24-冠-8、环己基-12-冠-4、1,2-十氢萘基(decalyl)-15-冠-5、1,2-萘并-15-冠-5、3,4,5-萘基-16-冠-5、1,2-甲基-苯并-18-冠-6、1,2-甲基苯并-5,6-甲基苯并-18-冠-6、1,2-叔丁基-18-冠-6、1,2-乙烯基苯并-15-冠-5、1,2-乙烯基苯并-18-冠-6、1,2-叔丁基-环己基-18-冠-6、不对称-二苯并-22-冠-6和1,2-苯并-1,4-苯并-5-氧-20-冠-7。参见美国专利号4,837,260(Sato),在此将其公开内容通过引用明确纳入本文。在硅杂冠醚中,同样有许多是已知的,并且报道于文献中。
可用于本发明组合物中的硅杂冠醚化合物的具体实例包括:
Figure BDA0002464953870000061
二甲基硅杂-11-冠-4;
Figure BDA0002464953870000062
二甲基硅杂-14-冠-5;
Figure BDA0002464953870000063
和,二甲基硅杂-17-冠-6。
参见例如美国专利号4,906,317(Liu),在此将其公开内容通过引用明确纳入本文。
许多环糊精可用于本发明。例如,美国专利号5,312,864(Wenz)中描述和要求保护的那些环糊精(将其公开内容通过引用明确纳入本文)是本文中用作第一加速剂组分的合适选择,所述环糊精是至少部分可溶于所述氰基丙烯酸酯中的α、β或γ-环糊精的羟基衍生物。
例如,合适用于本文中的聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯包括以下结构中的那些:
Figure BDA0002464953870000071
其中n大于3,例如在3-12的范围内,特别优选n为9。更具体的实例包括PEG 200DMA(其中n为约4)、PEG 400DMA(其中n为约9)、PEG 600DMA(其中n为约14)和PEG 800DMA(其中n为约19),其中数字(例如400)表示以克/摩尔表示的所述分子的不包含两个甲基丙烯酸酯基的乙二醇部分的平均分子量(即400g/mol)。特别优选的PEG DMA是PEG 400DMA。
并且在乙氧基化含羟基化合物(或可采用的乙氧基化脂肪醇)中,合适的是可选自以下结构中的那些:
Figure BDA0002464953870000072
其中Cm可以是线性或枝化的烷基或烯基链;m是1-30之间的整数,例如5-20;n是2-30之间的整数,例如5-15;并且R可以是H或烷基,例如C1-6烷基。
当使用时,加速剂应以在约0.01重量%至约10重量%的范围内的量包含在所述组合物中,其中约0.1重量%至约0.5重量%的范围是理想的,并且总组合物的约0.4重量%是特别理想的。
稳定剂包(stabilizer package)也是氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中常见的。稳定剂包可包括一种或多种自由基稳定剂和阴离子稳定剂,其种类(identity)和用量均是本领域普通技术人员熟知的。参见例如美国专利号5,530,037和6,607,632,在此将每个的公开内容通过引用纳入本文。
在本发明的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物中可包含其它添加剂,例如某些酸性材料(如柠檬酸)、触变剂或胶凝剂、增稠剂、染料及其组合。
在加速剂和这些添加剂中,下表中列出的那些是期望的实例,特别是按所指出的量。
成分 宽范围 期望范围
冠醚 0.1-0.5% 0.1-0.2%
柠檬酸 50-100ppm 100ppm
二氧化硅 0-10% 5-6%
此外,所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分可包括可选择具有许多取代基的氰基丙烯酸酯单体,例如由H2C=C(CN)-COOR表示的那些,其中R选自C1-15烷基、烷氧基烷基、环烷基、烯基、芳烷基、芳基、烯丙基和卤代烷基。理想地,所述氰基丙烯酸酯单体选自氰基丙烯酸甲酯、2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯、氰基丙烯酸丙酯、氰基丙烯酸烯丙基酯及其组合。
在本发明的另一方面,提供了将两个基材粘结在一起的方法,所述方法包括将如上所述的组合物施用于所述基材中的至少一个,以及其后将所述基材配接在一起足以使粘合剂固定的时间。
在本发明的又一方面,提供了所述组合物的反应产物。
在本发明的再一方面,提供了制备所述组合物的方法。该方法包括提供(a)氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分,并且与其相组合,混合(b)选自氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸辛酯及其组合的氰基丙烯酸酯组分;(c)橡胶增韧组分,其中理想地该橡胶增韧组分以至多约20重量%的量溶解在氰基丙烯酸酯组分中;(d)表面改性组分;和(e)粘合促进剂。
本发明将通过以下的实施例进一步说明。
实施例
按下表A所示的重量百分比由各组分制备样品A。样品A包含氰基丙烯酸正丁酯。
表A
Figure BDA0002464953870000081
Figure BDA0002464953870000091
样品B-D以类似的方式制备,并列于下表B中。样品B-D包含氰基丙烯酸辛酯。
表B
Figure BDA0002464953870000092
向样品A-D中的每一个添加0.05重量%量的MMBP作为自由基稳定剂。MMBP是2,2-亚甲基双-(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)。
然后,在室温和/或80℃的温度下,在以天计的时间段内,在低碳钢基材和铝基材上评估样品的T剥离强度性能(按N/mm测量)。结果捕获在下表C和D中。
表C
Figure BDA0002464953870000101
表D
Figure BDA0002464953870000102
这些结果似乎表明,低碳钢基材上的室温老化数据几乎没有或基本没有变化。换句话说,在低碳钢基材上,样品显示出低碳钢基材上T剥离性能的维持。然而,铝基材上室温老化的数据显示性能下降。在具有氰基丙烯酸丁酯的样品和具有氰基丙烯酸辛酯的那些样品之间,没有发现性能上的实质差异。
在随时间的升高温度条件下,样品A显示出低碳钢基材上的性能随时间增加,且铝基材上的性能随时间保持。

Claims (18)

1.一种氰基丙烯酸酯组合物,其包含:
(a)氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分;
(b)选自由氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸酯辛酯及其组合组成的组的氰基丙烯酸酯组分;
(c)橡胶增韧组分,所述橡胶增韧组分选自:(i)乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯和具有羧酸固化位点的单体的组合的反应产物,和/或(ii)乙烯和丙烯酸甲酯的二聚物;
(d)表面改性组分;和
(e)粘合促进剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)和所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)以55至85∶5至30的重量比存在于所述组合物中。
3.根据任意一项前述权利要求所述的组合物,其中所述氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)和所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)以70∶30的重量比存在,所述表面改性组分(d)是具有500μm或更小平均粒径的颗粒形式的聚烯烃,所述聚烯烃表面已经通过其最外表面的氧化而改性,并且所述粘合促进剂(e)为磷酸或衣康酸酐中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分选自氰基丙烯酸β-甲氧基乙酯、氰基丙烯酸β-乙氧基乙酯及其组合。
5.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述橡胶增韧组分是乙烯、丙烯酸甲酯和具有羧酸固化位点的单体的组合的反应产物,其中所述反应产物不含脱模剂、抗氧化剂、硬脂酸和聚乙二醇醚蜡。
6.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,进一步包含触变剂、胶凝剂、增稠剂、加速剂和耐冲击性赋予剂中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述加速剂选自由以下组成的组:杯芳烃、氧杂杯芳烃、硅杂冠醚、环糊精、冠醚、聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯、乙氧基化含羟基化合物及其组合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述杯芳烃是四丁基四[2-乙氧基-2-氧代乙氧基]杯-4-芳烃。
9.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述冠醚选自在由以下组成的组内的成员:15-冠-5、18-冠-6、二苯并-18-冠-6、苯并-15-冠-5、二苯并-24-冠-8、二苯并-30-冠-10、三苯并-18-冠-6、不对称-二苯并-22-冠-6、二苯并-14-冠-4、二环己基-18-冠-6、二环己基-24-冠-8、环己基-12-冠-4、1,2-十氢萘基-15-冠-5、1,2-萘并-15-冠-5、3,4,5-萘基-16-冠-5、1,2-甲基-苯并-18-冠-6、1,2-甲基苯并-5,6-甲基苯并-18-冠-6、1,2-叔丁基-18-冠-6、1,2-乙烯基苯并-15-冠-5、1,2-乙烯基苯并-18-冠-6、1,2-叔丁基-环己基-18-冠-6、不对称-二苯并-22-冠-6和1,2-苯并-1,4-苯并-5-氧-20-冠-7,及其组合。
10.根据权利要求7所述的组合物,其中所述聚(乙二醇)二(甲基)丙烯酸酯在以下结构内:
Figure FDA0003545904800000021
其中n大于3。
11.根据权利要求6所述的组合物,其中所述耐冲击性赋予剂是柠檬酸。
12.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)和所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)以55至75∶20至35范围内的重量比存在于所述组合物中。
13.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中基于所述组合物的总重量,所述氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)的存在量为55重量%至80重量%,并且所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分的存在量为7重量%至27重量%。
14.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分(a)和所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分(b)以70∶30范围内的重量比存在于所述组合物中。
15.根据权利要求1所述的组合物,进一步包含稳定量的酸性稳定剂和自由基抑制剂。
16.根据任意一项前述权利要求所述的组合物的反应产物。
17.将两个基材粘结在一起的方法,包括以下步骤:
将权利要求1-13中任一项所述的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物施用到所述基材的至少一个上,和
将所述基材配接在一起足以使所述组合物固定的时间。
18.制备根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的氰基丙烯酸酯组合物的方法,包括以下步骤:
提供溶解在氰基丙烯酸酯组分中的橡胶增韧组分,所述氰基丙烯酸酯组分选自由氰基丙烯酸丁酯、氰基丙烯酸酯辛酯及其组合组成的组;
与其相组合,混合氰基丙烯酸β-烷氧基烷基酯组分、表面改性组分和粘合促进剂。
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