CN113881993A - 一种可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 50
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- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
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- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1646—Characteristics of the product obtained
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,包括如下步骤:S10、前处理:对样片依次进行除油清洗、酸性微蚀、表面活化处理和清洗操作;S20、化学镀铜:在样片原种子层表面沉积目标厚度的化学镀铜层,以修复种子层;S30、电镀铜填孔:采用电镀铜溶液,对样片进行填孔电镀。本技术方案中,利用化学镀工艺来修复电镀种子层,化学镀有良好的均镀能力,只要镀件表面和镀液接触,且镀液中消耗的成份能及时得到补充,镀件任何部位的镀层厚度都基本相同,即使凹槽、缝隙、盲孔也是如此,通过化学镀工艺修复电镀种子层后,再进行电镀铜工艺,可以得到电镀均匀、填充效果及结合力良好的电镀铜层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体制造技术领域,具体地,涉及一种可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法。
背景技术
半导体电镀是指在芯片制造过程中,将电镀液中的金属离子电镀到晶圆表面形成金属互连。在集成电路行业中,传统的线路材料一般为铝,但是随着集成电路工艺尺寸的减小,铝的高电阻缺点逐渐体现出来。铜因其有着良好的导电性而逐渐替代了铝被应用于高度集成电路的线路材料。但是铜有一个缺点是很容易扩散到硅或者SiO2中,严重影响器件的性能。因此必须先覆盖一层材料来阻止铜的扩散,这层材料就叫做扩散阻挡层(barrier),一般使用Ta/TaN来作为阻挡层。
铜的另外一个缺点就是难以刻蚀,其不能像铝一样先沉积再刻蚀图形。因此常见的做法是先刻蚀出线路图形,再用物理沉积法(PVD)电镀出铜线路。但是电镀时需要导电,因此必须在阻挡层表面覆盖一层铜种子层(seed)用以导电。当电源加在铜(阳极)和硅片(阴极)之间时,阳极的铜发生反应转化成铜离子和电子,同时阴极也发生反应,阴极附近种子层表面的铜离子与电子结合形成镀在种子层表面的铜。图1示出了现有技术中在阻挡层表面沉积铜种子层的结构示意图;图2示出了现有技术中电镀填充铜种子层沟槽后形成的铜互连结构的结构示意图。
电镀填孔的关键挑战是如何提高设备的空隙填充能力和缺陷控制能力。电镀孔洞的产生除了受电镀工艺,如电流大小、化学添加剂种类及配比、搅拌方式等的影响,还较大程度受电镀种子层的影响。在有缺陷的种子层上电镀会引起电镀金属层均匀性不好,结合力差等一系列问题。
而由于金属铜种子层一般采用PVD溅射方法,PVD溅射的阶梯覆盖率较差,如果铜种子层厚度不够厚时,深孔及沟槽的侧壁和底部的种子层可能不连续,影响电镀效果;如果种子层太厚,无疑增加了深孔及沟槽的深宽比,增加电镀填孔的难度,易造成洞口提前封口而形成孔洞的缺陷。
此外,铜在空气中的稳定性较差,很容易在大气中氧化并会受到水气侵蚀。在生产、运输及储存过程时间过长或是保护不当,易造成铜种子层氧化等缺陷,在进行后续电镀填孔过程中也会造成孔洞缺陷的形成。
针对此问题,现有的改善工艺主要集中在种子层制备过程中的优化改善,针对已经制备好的种子层的缺陷,还没有好的修复方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的缺陷,本发明的目的是提供一种可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,利用化学镀工艺修复种子层,以得到电镀均匀、填充效果及结合力良好的电镀铜层。
根据本发明提供的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,包括如下步骤:
S10、前处理:对样片依次进行除油清洗、酸性微蚀、表面活化处理和清洗操作;
S20、化学镀铜:在样片原种子层表面沉积目标厚度的化学镀铜层,以修复种子层;
S30、电镀铜填孔:采用电镀铜溶液,对样片进行填孔电镀。
本技术方案中,利用化学镀工艺来修复电镀种子层,化学镀有良好的均镀能力,只要镀件表面和镀液接触,且镀液中消耗的成份能及时得到补充,镀件任何部位的镀层厚度都基本相同,即使凹槽、缝隙、盲孔也是如此,通过化学镀工艺修复电镀种子层后,再进行电镀铜工艺,可以得到电镀均匀、填充效果及结合力良好的电镀铜层。
优选地,步骤S20中通过化学镀的方法沉积化学镀铜层,所述化学镀采用以铜为溶质的酸性化镀液。
本技术方案中,采用以铜为溶质的酸性化镀液进行化学镀,可得到目标厚度的化学镀铜层,从而达到修复种子层的目的。
优选地,步骤S20中通过化学镀的方法沉积化学镀铜层,所述化学镀采用2~20g/L的硫酸铜化镀液,硫酸铜化镀液的PH值介于12~13之间。
本技术方案中,化学镀采用PH值介于12~13之间、浓度介于2~20g/L之间的硫酸铜化镀液,化镀液稳定性好,镀层性能好,可得到目标厚度的铜层。
优选地,所述化学镀的温度介于21~60℃之间,沉积速率介于0.5~5um/h之间。
本技术方案中,化学镀的温度设置在21~60℃之间,沉积速率介于0.5~5um/h之间,可在保证良好的工艺稳定性的同时,达到较快的沉积速度。
优选地,步骤S10中,采用碱性溶液或是有机溶剂进行除油清洗操作。
本技术方案中,碱性溶液可以是KOH溶液或NaOH溶液,此类碱性溶液或者是有机溶剂,无毒无害,制备容易且易于操作,能够节约成本。
优选地,步骤S10中,采用0.2%~5%的硫酸和双氧水混合溶液进行酸性微蚀操作。
本技术方案中,采用硫酸和双氧水的混合溶液进行微蚀操作,一方面能够有效去除样片表面的氧化层,另一方面,该混合溶液无毒无害,可重复利用,生产过程易于控制,操作方便,节约成本。此处值得说明的是,所谓0.2%~5%的硫酸和双氧水混合溶液,是指将0.2%~5%的硫酸和0.2%~5%的双氧水等比配合所得,如将5%的硫酸与5%的双氧水混合获得5%的硫酸和双氧水的混合液。
优选地,步骤S10中,采用胶体钯进行表面活化处理操作。
本技术方案中,胶体钯具有良好的稳定性,采用胶体钯进行表面活化处理,活化效果好,不易发生易镀和漏镀等情况。
优选地,步骤S10中,在真空条件下进行前处理步骤。
本技术方案中,真空条件可以抽出样片沟槽中的空气,有利于溶液进入其中,从而达到溶液与样片原种子层表面均充分接触的目的。
优选地,步骤S20和步骤30之间,还包括:
步骤S21、清洗:采用去离子水对样片进行浸泡冲洗操作20~60S、冲洗操作20~120S;重复浸泡冲洗操作和冲洗操作2~5次
本技术方案中,通过充分的冲洗操作,以去除样片表面残留的化镀液,避免了化镀液与后续系统须使用到的其他溶液发生交叉感染的情况。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
本技术方案中,利用化学镀工艺来修复电镀种子层,化学镀有良好的均镀能力,只要镀件表面和镀液接触,且镀液中消耗的成份能及时得到补充,镀件任何部位的镀层厚度都基本相同,即使凹槽、缝隙、盲孔也是如此,通过化学镀工艺修复电镀种子层后,再进行电镀铜工艺,可以得到电镀均匀、填充效果及结合力良好的电镀铜层。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明的其它特征、目的和优点将会变得更明显:
图1为现有技术中种子层结构的结构示意图;
图2为现有技术中铜互连结构的结构示意图;
图3为本发明可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本申请实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图,对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。通常在此处附图中描述和示出的本申请实施例的组件可以以各种不同的配置来布置和设计。
因此,以下对在附图中提供的本申请的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本申请的范围,而是仅仅表示本申请的选定实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本申请保护的范围。
如图3所示,本发明提供一种可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,包括如下步骤:
S10、前处理:对样片依次进行除油清洗、酸性微蚀、表面活化处理和清洗操作;
S20、化学镀铜:在样片原种子层表面沉积目标厚度的化学镀铜层,以修复种子层;
S30、电镀铜填孔:采用电镀铜溶液,对样片进行填孔电镀。
本实施例利用化学镀工艺来修复电镀种子层,化学镀有良好的均镀能力,只要镀件表面和镀液接触,且镀液中消耗的成份能及时得到补充,镀件任何部位的镀层厚度都基本相同,即使凹槽、缝隙、盲孔也是如此,通过化学镀工艺修复电镀种子层后,再进行电镀铜工艺,可以得到电镀均匀、填充效果及结合力良好的电镀铜层。
进一步地,就步骤S10来说,可采用碱性溶液或是有机溶剂进行除油清洗操作,其中,碱性溶液可以是KOH或NaOH;可采用0.2%~5%的硫酸和双氧水混合溶液进行酸性微蚀操作,以去除原种子层表面的氧化层;可采用胶体钯进行表面活化处理操作。此外,为使溶液能够进入原种子层沟槽内以进行有效处理,在真空条件下进行前处理步骤,从而实现溶液与原种子层表面的各个位置充分接触的目的。
就步骤S20来说,具体而言,可将样片浸于以铜为溶质的酸性化镀液进行化学镀,当然也可采用硫酸铜化镀液以在样片原种子层表面沉积目标厚度的化学镀铜层,作为优选地实施方案,硫酸铜化镀液的浓度介于2~20g/L之间、PH值介于12~13之间,化学镀的温度介于21~60℃之间,沉积速率介于0.5~5um/h之间,以在保证良好的工艺稳定性的同时,达到较快的沉积速度。此处须说明的是,采用硫酸铜化镀液进行化学镀仅是一种优选的实施方案,技术人员可在满足本发明发明目的的情况下选择其他类型的化镀液;同样地,以上所述的硫酸铜化镀液的浓度、PH值等工业条件也仅是作为优选的实施方案,技术人员可在满足本发明发明目的的情况下选择其他工艺条件。
进一步地,在步骤S20和步骤30之间,还包括:步骤S21、清洗:采用去离子水对样片进行浸泡冲洗操作20~60S、冲洗操作20~120S;重复浸泡冲洗操作和冲洗操作2~5次。通过充分的冲洗操作,可去除样片表面残留的化镀液,避免了化镀液与后续系统须使用到的其他溶液发生交叉感染的情况。
以上对本发明的具体实施例进行了描述,通过上述的说明内容,相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内,进行多样的变更以及修改。
Claims (9)
1.一种可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S10、前处理:对样片依次进行除油清洗、酸性微蚀、表面活化处理和清洗操作;
S20、化学镀铜:在样片原种子层表面沉积目标厚度的化学镀铜层,以修复种子层;
S30、电镀铜填孔:采用电镀铜溶液,对样片进行填孔电镀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S20中通过化学镀的方法沉积化学镀铜层,所述化学镀采用以铜为溶质的酸性化镀液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S20中通过化学镀的方法沉积化学镀铜层,所述化学镀采用2~20g/L的硫酸铜化镀液,硫酸铜化镀液的PH值介于12~13之间。
4.根据权利要求2所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,所述化学镀的温度介于21~60℃之间,沉积速率介于0.5~5um/h之间。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,采用碱性溶液或是有机溶剂进行除油清洗操作。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,采用0.2%~5%的硫酸和双氧水混合溶液进行酸性微蚀操作。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,采用胶体钯进行表面活化处理操作。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,在真空条件下进行前处理步骤。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可优化电镀填孔能力的工艺方法,其特征在于,步骤S20和步骤30之间,还包括:
步骤S21、清洗:采用去离子水对样片进行浸泡冲洗操作20~60S、冲洗操作20~120S;重复浸泡冲洗操作和冲洗操作2~5次。
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