CN113881840A - Device and process for coating and removing laser shock strengthening absorption layer - Google Patents
Device and process for coating and removing laser shock strengthening absorption layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN113881840A CN113881840A CN202010635555.9A CN202010635555A CN113881840A CN 113881840 A CN113881840 A CN 113881840A CN 202010635555 A CN202010635555 A CN 202010635555A CN 113881840 A CN113881840 A CN 113881840A
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- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Perchloroethylene Chemical group ClC(Cl)=C(Cl)Cl CYTYCFOTNPOANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000861 blow drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002635 electroconvulsive therapy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
- C21D10/005—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation by laser shock processing
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a process for coating and removing a laser shock peening absorption layer, and belongs to the technical field of laser shock peening. The device comprises a glue supply barrel, a glue dispensing valve, a nozzle, an air compressor, a three-axis displacement platform, a laser and a laser head; wherein: the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber to transmit laser; the air compressor is connected with the glue supply barrel through one pipeline, the glue dispensing valve is connected through the other pipeline, the glue supply barrel is connected with the glue dispensing valve through the pipeline, and the glue dispensing valve is connected with the nozzle; compressed air provided by the air compressor and a liquid absorption layer material provided by the glue supply barrel are conveyed into the nozzle, and the liquid absorption layer material is sprayed to the surface of the workpiece under the action of the compressed air to form an absorption layer. Compared with the traditional laser shock strengthening absorption layer black adhesive tape or aluminum foil which is pasted and removed manually, the automatic degree of the invention is higher, the coating and removing efficiency is higher, and the invention is more suitable for practical engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser shock peening, in particular to a device and a process for coating and removing a laser shock peening absorption layer.
Background
The laser shock peening is a novel metal surface strengthening technology, a deep residual compressive stress layer can be generated on the surface of a metal by the technology, and the residual compressive stress can balance and offset external loads, so that the service life of parts is prolonged. The principle of laser shock peening is that high-energy short-pulse laser is irradiated on an absorption layer (usually aluminum foil or black adhesive tape) on the surface of a metal to generate plasma, and the plasma continuously absorbs laser energy to expand to form shock waves which are transmitted to the interior of the metal material under the constraint of a transparent constraint layer (usually water or glass) on the upper surface, so that the metal material is strengthened.
In laser shock peening, the absorption layer can play a role in replacing metal material vaporization, isolating explosion heat and providing plasma for generating shock waves, and the metal material can be effectively prevented from being ablated while the laser shock peening effect is improved. Therefore, the surface state of the absorbing layer has a direct influence on the laser shock peening effect. The traditional coating and removing of the laser shock strengthening absorption layer has the defects of low manual coating and removing efficiency, easy bubble generation, difficult continuous laser shock bearing, large influence of the metal surface state and the like, and is not suitable to be used as a laser shock strengthening absorption layer material in industrial production. At present, no automatic coating and removing equipment for the laser shock absorption layer exists.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the traditional laser shock strengthening absorption layer black adhesive tape or aluminum foil which is pasted and removed manually, the device and the process have higher automation degree and higher coating and removing efficiency, and are more suitable for practical engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an automatic coating and removing device for a laser shock-strengthening absorption layer comprises a glue supply barrel, a glue dispensing valve, a nozzle, an air compressor, a three-axis displacement platform, a laser and a laser head; wherein: the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber to transmit laser; the air compressor is connected with the glue supply barrel through one pipeline, the glue dispensing valve is connected through the other pipeline, the glue supply barrel is connected with the glue dispensing valve through the pipeline, and the glue dispensing valve is connected with the nozzle; compressed air provided by the air compressor and a liquid absorption layer material provided by the glue supply barrel are conveyed into the nozzle, and the liquid absorption layer material is sprayed to the surface of the workpiece under the action of the compressed air to form an absorption layer.
The three-axis displacement platform is arranged above the workpiece, and the workpiece is placed on the workbench in a working mode.
And the laser head is provided with a dust collector for recovering smoke generated when the laser removes the absorption layer.
The laser head and the dispensing valve are fixed on the three-axis displacement platform, and the action of the three-axis displacement platform drives the laser head and the dispensing valve to move.
The device also comprises a bracket, wherein the bracket is used for fixing the three-axis displacement platform above the workpiece; the support is of an n-shaped structure, and the lower surface of the support is fixed with the upper surface of the three-axis displacement platform.
The process for automatically coating and removing the laser shock strengthening absorption layer by using the device comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying the surface of the part to be strengthened, and positioning and clamping the part on a workbench;
(2) pouring a liquid absorption layer material into the glue supply barrel, setting coating parameters according to the viscosity of the liquid, and inputting compressed air into the nozzle;
(3) designing a nozzle motion track according to a specific strengthening area of the part, descending a three-axis displacement platform to enable a nozzle to move to an initial position of the edge of an area to be coated, controlling the nozzle to move according to the motion track, and lifting the nozzle after a liquid absorption layer material with the required thickness is coated on the area to be processed;
(4) after the liquid absorption layer is solidified, carrying out laser shock strengthening according to selected process parameters;
(5) putting the reinforced test piece on the workbench again, setting laser parameters, and generating a laser head motion track according to a specific part reinforcing area;
(6) and (3) descending the three-axis displacement platform to enable the laser head to move to the initial position of the edge of the coating area and adjust the height to enable the laser to be focused on the absorption layer, then controlling the laser head to move according to the motion track, starting the laser and the dust collector, removing the surface absorption layer by using the laser according to the parameters set in the step (5), and recycling and carrying out centralized treatment on the absorption layer by using the dust collector.
The above steps(2) In the method, the coating parameters of the absorption layer are as follows: working air pressure is 1-7kgf/cm2The single gluing amount of the nozzle is 0.01ml to 0.1ml, the nozzle movement speed is 50 mm/s to 200mm/s, and the gluing frequency is 10 times to 100 times/min.
In the step (6), the absorption layer removal parameters are as follows: the laser power is 10-50w, the repetition frequency is 50-100kHz, and the scanning speed is 2000-8000 mm/s.
The invention has the following beneficial effects and advantages:
1. the full-automatic processing of the coating and removing of the absorption layer has higher processing efficiency than the traditional manual coating and removing, and has uniform thickness, so that bubbles are not easy to generate.
2. The invention controls the flow of the absorption layer by the dispensing valve, thereby controlling the thickness of the absorption layer and enabling the part to bear continuous and multiple laser shock treatments.
3. The laser is used for removing the absorption layer, no residual glue is left on the surface, and the generated smoke is recycled by the absorber, so that the waste is convenient to collect, and the environment is protected.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an automatic coating and removing apparatus of an absorption layer.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of the method operation of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a test piece of the present invention with the absorbing layer removed.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention provides an automatic coating and removing device for a laser shock-strengthening absorption layer, which comprises a glue supply barrel, a glue dispensing valve, a nozzle, an air compressor, a three-axis displacement platform, a laser and a laser head; wherein: the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber to transmit laser; the air compressor is connected with the glue supply barrel through one pipeline, the glue dispensing valve is connected through the other pipeline, the glue supply barrel is connected with the glue dispensing valve through the pipeline, and the glue dispensing valve is connected with the nozzle; compressed air provided by an air compressor and a liquid absorption layer material (the liquid absorption layer material comprises 20-40% of nitrile rubber, 30-50% of styrene, 5-15% of perchloroethylene, 5-15% of silicon dioxide and 0.5-1% of carbon black) provided by a glue supply barrel are conveyed into a nozzle, and the liquid absorption layer material is sprayed to the surface of a workpiece under the action of the compressed air to form an absorption layer.
The three-axis displacement platform is arranged above a workpiece, and the workpiece is placed on the workbench; the laser head and the dispensing valve are fixed on the three-axis displacement platform, and the action of the three-axis displacement platform drives the laser head and the dispensing valve to move. Fixing the three-axis displacement platform above the workpiece through a bracket; the support is of an n-shaped structure, and the lower surface of the support is fixed with the upper surface of the three-axis displacement platform.
And the laser head is provided with a dust collector for recovering smoke generated when the laser removes the absorption layer.
In the device, supply to glue the bucket and link to each other with the valve of gluing and provide the liquid absorbing layer, compressed air with supply to glue bucket and the valve of gluing and provide the required pressure of coating absorbing layer, the laser instrument passes through optic fibre with laser transmission to the laser head to utilize laser to get rid of the absorbing layer.
The automatic coating and removing process of the laser shock strengthening absorption layer is as follows:
the metal parts were ultrasonically cleaned in alcohol at a concentration of 75 wt.% or more and blow-dried with nitrogen. The part is placed on a workbench to be positioned and clamped, a sufficient liquid absorption layer is poured into the glue supply barrel, coating parameters are set according to the liquid viscosity, and the coating parameter range is as follows: working air pressure is 1-7kgf/cm2The single gluing amount of the nozzle is 0.01ml to 0.1ml, the nozzle movement speed is 50 mm/s to 200mm/s, and the gluing frequency is 10 times to 100 times/min. Compressed air under pressure is provided to the equipment. And generating a nozzle motion track according to a specific strengthening area of the part, controlling the three-axis displacement platform to move, and coating a liquid absorption layer with a certain thickness in the substitute processing area. And after the liquid absorption layer is solidified, carrying out laser shock strengthening according to selected process parameters. And (3) putting the reinforced test piece on the workbench again for positioning and clamping, and setting laser parameters within the following ranges: the laser power is 10-50W, the repetition frequency is 50-100kHz, and the scanning speed is 2000-8000 mm/s. And generating a motion track of the laser head according to the specific strengthening area of the part. Controlling the movement of the three-axis displacement platform, starting the laser and the dust collector, and usingAnd removing the surface absorption layer by laser, recovering the absorption layer by using a dust collector, and performing centralized treatment until the surface absorption layer of the part is completely removed, thereby completing the strengthening process.
Example 1
The invention aims at the better conditions of automatic coating and removing of the laser shock strengthening absorption layer of the A356 aluminum alloy:
a356 aluminum alloy was cut into 30mm by 5mm test pieces using a wire cutting apparatus. And (3) pre-grinding and polishing the metallographic specimen on a metallographic specimen pre-grinding machine by using 240#, 800#, 1000# and 2000# sandpaper in sequence, and finally carrying out ultrasonic cleaning by using alcohol and blow-drying by using nitrogen.
Coating an absorption layer on the aluminum alloy sample block by using an automatic absorption layer coating and removing device, wherein the coating parameters are as follows: working air pressure 2kgf/cm2The single gluing amount of the nozzle is 0.01ml, the nozzle movement speed is 180mm/s, and the gluing frequency is 100 times/min. And after solidification, carrying out laser shock strengthening on the whole plane of the part. The absorption layer is removed from the laser shock-strengthened aluminum alloy sample block by using an automatic absorption layer coating and removing device, and the laser parameters are as follows: the laser power was 50W, the repetition frequency was 100kHz, and the scanning speed was 2000 mm/s. And (3) carrying out residual stress and microhardness tests on the aluminum alloy sample block using the automatic coating and removing device and scheme of the absorption layer before and after laser strengthening, and comparing the residual stress and microhardness tests with the performance of manually coated liquid strengthening glue.
The test results are shown in table 1, and the results show that the performance of the test piece subjected to laser shock peening by using the device and the process for automatically coating and removing the absorption layer is improved. Compared with the manual coating of the liquid strengthening glue, the thickness uniformity is good, so the strengthening effect uniformity is good. Compared with the manual coating of the black adhesive tape and the aluminum foil, the efficiency is higher because bubbles are not generated (if bubbles are generated by the manual coating of the black adhesive tape and the aluminum foil, the tearing and recoating are needed).
TABLE 1
The laser is used for removing the absorption layer, no residual glue is left on the surface, as shown in figure 3, and the generated smoke is recycled by the absorber, so that the waste is convenient to collect, and the environment is protected.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides an automatic coating of laser shock peening absorbed layer and remove device which characterized in that: the device comprises a glue supply barrel, a glue dispensing valve, a nozzle, an air compressor, a three-axis displacement platform, a laser and a laser head; wherein: the laser is connected with the laser head through an optical fiber to transmit laser; the air compressor is connected with the glue supply barrel through one pipeline, the glue dispensing valve is connected through the other pipeline, the glue supply barrel is connected with the glue dispensing valve through the pipeline, and the glue dispensing valve is connected with the nozzle; compressed air provided by the air compressor and liquid absorbing layer material provided by the glue supply barrel are conveyed into the nozzle, and the liquid absorbing layer material is sprayed to the surface of the workpiece under the action of the compressed air to form an absorbing layer.
2. The automatic coating and removing device for the laser shock peening absorption layer according to claim 1, wherein: the three-axis displacement platform is arranged above the workpiece, and the workpiece is placed on the workbench in a working mode.
3. The automatic coating and removing device for the laser shock peening absorption layer according to claim 1, wherein: and the laser head is provided with a dust collector for recovering smoke generated when the laser removes the absorption layer.
4. The automatic coating and removing device for the laser shock peening absorption layer according to claim 1, wherein: the laser head and the dispensing valve are fixed on the three-axis displacement platform, and the action of the three-axis displacement platform drives the laser head and the dispensing valve to move.
5. The automatic coating and removing device for the laser shock peening absorption layer according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a bracket, wherein the bracket is used for fixing the three-axis displacement platform above the workpiece; the support is of an n-shaped structure, and the lower surface of the support is fixed with the upper surface of the three-axis displacement platform.
6. A process for the automatic application and removal of a laser shock peening absorber layer using the apparatus of any of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the process comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning and drying the surface of the part to be strengthened, and positioning and clamping the part on a workbench;
(2) pouring a liquid absorption layer material into the glue supply barrel, setting coating parameters according to the viscosity of the liquid, and inputting compressed air into the nozzle;
(3) designing a nozzle motion track according to a specific strengthening area of the part, descending a three-axis displacement platform to enable a nozzle to move to an initial position of the edge of an area to be coated, controlling the nozzle to move according to the motion track, and lifting the nozzle after a liquid absorption layer material with the required thickness is coated on the area to be processed;
(4) after the liquid absorption layer is solidified, carrying out laser shock strengthening according to selected process parameters;
(5) putting the reinforced test piece on the workbench again, setting laser parameters, and generating a laser head motion track according to a specific part reinforcing area;
(6) and (3) descending the three-axis displacement platform to enable the laser head to move to the initial position of the edge of the coating area and adjust the height to enable the laser to be focused on the absorption layer, then controlling the laser head to move according to the motion track, starting the laser and the dust collector, removing the surface absorption layer by using the laser according to the parameters set in the step (5), and recycling and carrying out centralized treatment on the absorption layer by using the dust collector.
7. The process of claim 6, wherein the laser shock peening absorption layer is applied and removed automatically, and the process comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the coating parameters of the absorption layer are as follows: working air pressure is 1-7kgf/cm2The single gluing amount of the nozzle is 0.01ml to 0.1ml, the nozzle movement speed is 50 mm/s to 200mm/s, and the gluing frequency is 10 times to 100 times/min.
8. The process of claim 6, wherein the laser shock peening absorption layer is applied and removed automatically, and the process comprises the following steps: in the step (6), the parameters for removing the absorption layer are as follows: the laser power is 10-50w, the repetition frequency is 50-100kHz, and the scanning speed is 2000-8000 mm/s.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010635555.9A CN113881840A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Device and process for coating and removing laser shock strengthening absorption layer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010635555.9A CN113881840A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Device and process for coating and removing laser shock strengthening absorption layer |
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| CN202010635555.9A Pending CN113881840A (en) | 2020-07-03 | 2020-07-03 | Device and process for coating and removing laser shock strengthening absorption layer |
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Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101705341A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-12 | 江苏大学 | Impact reinforcing method and device based on laser beam array |
| CN102212655A (en) * | 2011-05-08 | 2011-10-12 | 张家港富瑞特种装备股份有限公司 | Laser shock method |
| CN103143836A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-06-12 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock treatment device taking flowable liquid as energy absorption layer |
| CN105385839A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-09 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | System and method for automatic control over laser shock peening |
| CN106756721A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of method and device based on laser processing technology prepares coating |
| CN206747785U (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-12-15 | 宁波大艾激光科技有限公司 | A kind of laser impact intensified processing unit of trailing type |
| CN108823397A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-16 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of laser impact intensified absorption protective layer that can quickly coat removal and preparation method |
| CN109128532A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of laser array capillary processing method that multistation cleans immediately |
-
2020
- 2020-07-03 CN CN202010635555.9A patent/CN113881840A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101705341A (en) * | 2009-10-30 | 2010-05-12 | 江苏大学 | Impact reinforcing method and device based on laser beam array |
| CN102212655A (en) * | 2011-05-08 | 2011-10-12 | 张家港富瑞特种装备股份有限公司 | Laser shock method |
| CN103143836A (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2013-06-12 | 江苏大学 | Laser shock treatment device taking flowable liquid as energy absorption layer |
| CN105385839A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-03-09 | 中国科学院沈阳自动化研究所 | System and method for automatic control over laser shock peening |
| CN206747785U (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2017-12-15 | 宁波大艾激光科技有限公司 | A kind of laser impact intensified processing unit of trailing type |
| CN106756721A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-05-31 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of method and device based on laser processing technology prepares coating |
| CN108823397A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-16 | 中国人民解放军空军工程大学 | A kind of laser impact intensified absorption protective layer that can quickly coat removal and preparation method |
| CN109128532A (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2019-01-04 | 广东工业大学 | A kind of laser array capillary processing method that multistation cleans immediately |
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Application publication date: 20220104 |