CN113881431B - 一种手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及发光材料制备技术领域,提出了一种钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒及其制备方法。本发明是利用氨基酸的手性来诱导钙钛矿材料产生手性光学活性,并且自组装形成了纳米棒,制备的Cs4PbBr6纳米棒发光半峰宽窄,具有明显的圆二色性。本方法具有低成本,重复性好易实现大规模生产的优势,并且利用氨基酸结构的对称性,制备出的纳米棒手性信号也是对称的。本发明的目标是解决手性材料制备方法成本高,材料的手性光学活性较弱的问题,利用钙钛矿材料本身具有的光学性质制备出了有手性信号的纳米棒,在二次谐波,偏振光学器件等领域具有极大的前景,对钙钛矿材料在更广泛的领域的应用具有重要意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发光材料制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒及其制备方法。
背景技术
自钙钛矿CsPbX3(X=Cl,Br,I)材料2015年被首次报道以来,由于其具有量子产率高、半峰较窄、发光颜色在整个可见光范围内可调控等优点,被广泛应用于太阳能电池、发光二极管和显示屏等领域。
如果一种物质的镜像不能与它的本身重合,那么它就是手性的,手性光学的独特属性在于能够对线性和非线性光学函数的偏振面进行不同的旋转和控制。由于手性无机纳米材料表现出旋光性、圆二色性、圆偏振发光、二次谐波以及铁电等特殊性质,因此,手性无机纳米材料在负折射材料、偏振光器件和生物检测等领域表现出重要的应用前景。然而,现有技术中常用的手性纳米材料制备方法一般分为自上而下和自下而上两种,采用自上而下方法的缺点是对设备要求高,成本高,难以实现大面积批量生产;采用自下而上方法的缺点是其制备的材料手性光学活性一般较弱,在光学器件中难以体现优势,严重限制了其在诸多领域中的应用。
因此,当钙钛材料中含有手性有机分子或者各种手性模板,以及手性外场时,就能赋予其手性性质,这种手性传递可以通过化学键的形成来调节,甚至可以通过手性和非手性系统之间的空间相互作用来调节;另外,钙钛矿 CsPbX3材料的合成原料易得,操作简便,重复性好,从而极大程度的降低了合成成本;实现了通过改变手性组分来实现对钙钛矿CsPbX3光学和电子性能的调控。因此,设计一种具有手性光学性能优异的钙钛材料变得十分重要,这对开发高性能的光电器件具有很大的前景。
发明内容
为了解决上述现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供了一种手性钙钛矿 Cs4PbBr6纳米棒及其制备方法,该制备方法通过采用胶体量子点合成方法,简单易行,在合成量子点后诱导具有优异光学性能的钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6材料成功制备出手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。本发明制备的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒发光峰窄,量子产率高,并且在制备过程中加入了手性分子进行调控,其表现出了明显了手性信号,在二次谐波,偏振光学器件等领域具有极大的应用前景,对钙钛矿材料在更广泛的领域的应用具有重要意义。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术问题通过以下技术方案解决:
技术方案一
一种手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒,其特征在于:该纳米棒的制备原料包括:碳酸铯、溴化铅、十八稀溶液、半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液、油氨、油酸和环乙烷。
优选的,其中,碳酸铯5-6份、溴化铅2-4份、十八烯溶液45-60份、半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液10-20份、油氨2-3份、油酸2.5-4份和环乙烷5-10 份。
技术方案二
一种手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:该制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,制备备用溶液:将5-6份碳酸铯加入到30份十八烯溶液中,充分搅拌,再加入1-2份油酸,并在氮气保护下升温至碳酸铯充分溶解;降温至135℃-138℃,得到备用溶液,该备用溶液为澄清透明状;其中,在氮气保护下升温的温度为150-160℃;油酸用于促进碳酸铯充分溶解。
步骤2,制备原液:将2-4份溴化铅加入到15-30份十八烯溶液中,充分搅拌,并在氮气保护下升温至110℃-120℃,保持恒温;再依次加入2-3份油氨和1.5-2份油酸,并搅拌至溴化铅充分溶解,再升温至150℃-160℃;然后注入所述备用溶液1-2份,充分搅拌后全部转移至冰水浴中冷却至室温,得到原液;其中,油氨和油酸用于促进溴化铅充分溶解。
步骤3,将步骤2中制得的原液全部转移至离心管中,并向其中加入10-20 份半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液进行超声波洗涤1-2min,离心,得到中间沉淀物;然后将中间沉淀物溶解在5-10份环乙烷溶液中,再次离心,收集上清液;该上清液即为钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液。加入的半光氨酸无水乙醇溶液的浓度为 0.01g/ml;环乙烷的纯度为99%。
步骤4,将步骤3制得的钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液全部取出放置于透明玻璃瓶中,并在恒温水浴中静置,得到最终沉淀物,该最终沉淀物即为手性钙钛矿 Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
优选的,在步骤1和步骤2中,十八烯溶液的纯度为90%。
优选的,在步骤2中,在步骤2中,保持恒温的时间为20-30min。
优选的,在步骤2中,充分搅拌时间为10-30s,冰水浴的温度为0-4℃。
优选的,在步骤3中,两次离心(离心和再次离心)的转速均为8000转 /分钟,时间均为5分钟。
优选的,在步骤3中,向其中加入的所述半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液包含L- 半胱氨酸;导致在步骤4中,制得的所述手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒为L-钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
优选的,在步骤3中,向其中加入的所述半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液包含D- 半胱氨酸;导致在步骤4中,制得的所述手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒为D-钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
优选的,在步骤4中,恒温水浴的温度为25-30℃,静置的时间为8-12 小时。
试验中添加的半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液包含L-半胱氨酸或D-半胱氨酸,二者为同分异构体。所加入的包含L-半胱氨酸或D-半胱氨酸的半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液可以使最终产物钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒具有L型或D型的手性。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明成功制备出的Cs4PbBr6纳米棒,其具有钙钛矿材料优异的光学性质,并且因为制备时使用了半胱氨酸,诱导其产生了手性,其在二次谐波,偏振光学器件等领域具有极大的前景,对钙钛矿材料应用在更广泛的领域具有重要意义。
(2)本发明首先采用热注射法合成钙钛矿量子点,方便快速,操作简单;然后加入手性分子半胱氨酸做表面配体,诱导其产生手性的同时发生自组装,为自组装研究领域提供了一种新思路。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中手性钙钛矿L,D-Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的XRD谱图;
图2为本发明实施例1中手性钙钛矿L-Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的透射电子显微镜照片;
图3为本发明实施例2中手性钙钛矿D-Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的透射电子显微镜照片;
图4为本发明实施例1中手性钙钛矿L,D-Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的荧光发射光谱;
图5为本发明实施例1和实施例2中手性钙钛矿L,D-Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的圆二色光谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对实施例进行说明。
典型实施例1
一种手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、制备备用溶液:将5份碳酸铯加入到盛有30份,纯度为90%的十八烯溶液的圆底烧瓶中,充分搅拌,再加入1份油酸,并在氮气的保护下升温至150℃,直至碳酸铯充分溶解;降温至135℃,得到备用溶液,该备用溶液呈澄清透明状;
步骤2、制备原液:将2份溴化铅加入到盛有15份,纯度为90%的十八烯溶液的圆底烧瓶中,充分搅拌,并在氮气保护下升温至110℃,保持恒温 30min;再依次加入2份油氨和1.5份油酸,搅拌至溴化铅充分溶解,升温至 150℃;然后取1份备用溶液注入其中,搅拌后10s后,将其放入0℃的冰水浴中冷却至室温,得到原液;
步骤3、将步骤2中制得的原液全部转移至离心管中,并向其中加入10 份,浓度为0.01g/ml的L-半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液进行超声波洗涤,再在离心机中,用8000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,得到中间沉淀物;然后将中间沉淀物溶解在5份,纯度为99%的环乙烷溶液中,再次用8000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,收集上清液,该上清液即为钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液;
步骤4、将步骤3制得的钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液全部取出放置于透明玻璃瓶中,并在25℃恒温水域中静置12小时,得到最终沉淀物,该最终沉淀物即为 L-手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
图1和图2给出了L-Cs4PbBr6纳米棒相应的XRD谱图和透射电子显微镜照片,由图1和图2可以看出制备的产物表现出明显的手性特征。
实施例1为本实验的典型实施例,在技术方案1和2的配比范围内进行的试验,所得结果相似,说明依据本发明的原料及配比均可以得到L-手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
典型实施例2
一种手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1、制备备用溶液:将6份碳酸铯加入到盛有30份,纯度为90%的十八烯溶液的圆底烧瓶中,充分搅拌,再加入2份油酸,并在氮气保护下升温至160℃,直至碳酸铯充分溶解;降温至138℃,得到备用溶液,所述备用溶液为澄清透明状;
步骤2、制备原液:将4份溴化铅加入到盛有30份,纯度为90%的十八烯溶液的圆底烧瓶中,充分搅拌,并在氮气保护下升温至120℃,保持恒温 20min;再依次加入3份油氨和2份油酸,搅拌至溴化铅充分溶解,升温至 160℃;然后取2份备用溶液快速注入其中,充分搅拌后30s后,将其全部转移至4℃的冰水浴中冷却至室温,得到原液;
步骤3、将步骤2中制得的原液全部转移至离心管中,并向其中加入20 份,浓度为0.01g/ml的D-半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液进行超声波洗涤2min,使其混合均匀,再在离心机中,用8000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,得到中间沉淀物;然后将中间沉淀物溶解在10份,纯度为99%的环乙烷溶液中,再次用 8000转/分钟的转速离心5分钟,收集上清液,该上清液即为钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液;
步骤4、将步骤3制得的钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液全部取出放置于透明玻璃瓶中,并在30℃恒温水域中静置8小时,得到最终沉淀物,该最终沉淀物即为 D-手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
实施例2是本实验的另一个典型实施例,在技术方案1和2的配比范围内进行的试验,所得结果相似,说明依据本发明的原料及配比均可以得到D- 手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
为了进一步验证所制备的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的光学性能,本发明对实施例1和2得到的产物分别进行了发射光谱测试和圆二色光谱测试。具体如下:
(一)对制备的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒进行发射光谱的测试
所用样品:由实施例1和实施例2制备的L型和D型手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
所有仪器:爱丁堡-稳态/瞬态荧光光谱仪FLS1000。
测试步骤:将样品稀释为10倍浓度,然后将其装入四面透光的石英比色皿中,打开仪器的盖子,把比色皿放入支架中盖好盖子,并在光谱仪检测器一端放置400nm波长的滤光片,然后打开电脑上的光谱测试软件,选择氙灯做光源并且设置激发光波长为365nm,通过调节狭缝的大小最终选择合适的狭缝,在测试界面选择发射光谱波长范围400-650nm,点击开始;一个样品测试完毕后保存数据,把狭缝调到最小,然后把比色皿取出,倒掉样品用乙醇洗干净,环己烷润洗后装入盒子中。
试验结果:在365nm激发光下,实施例1和实施例2制备的Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的发光光谱在500nm,为绿色发射光谱,发射光谱参见图4。
(二)对制备的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒进行圆二色光谱测试
所用样品:由实施例1和实施例2制备的L型和D型手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
所用仪器:J-1500圆二色光谱仪。
测试步骤:把仪器打开,通氮气预热5分钟。先扣除背景,将溶剂环己烷装入两面透光的石英比色皿中,打开仪器的盖子,把比色皿透光的两面分别对准入射光线和检测器,再放入支架中盖好盖子;在电脑操作页面进行设置,选择测试范围250-800nm,扫描速度1nm/s,点击开始按钮,结束后取出,测试样品时的背景就会自动扣除。将样品稀释为合适的浓度,装入比色皿中,按照上述操作进行测试,结束后后保存数据,然后把比色皿取出,倒掉样品用乙醇洗干净,环己烷润洗后装入下一样品继续上述测试操作。
试验结果:上述测试结果表明,本发明制备的Cs4PbBr6纳米棒拥有钙钛矿量子点一样的优异光学性能,荧光量子产率高,发光半峰窄等,而且还同时拥有手性信号。并且,用L-半胱氨酸和D-半胱氨酸分别制备的纳米棒的圆二色光谱呈对称形式,表明它们的手性都转移给了钙钛矿材料。两种纳米棒的圆二色光谱见图5。
本发明通过采用胶体量子点合成方法,简单易行,在合成量子点后诱导具有优异光学性能的钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6材料成功制备出手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。制备的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒发光峰窄,量子产率高,并且在制备过程中加入了手性分子进行调控,其表现出了明显了手性信号,可广泛应用于二次谐波,偏振光学器件等领域。
以上所述,仅为本发明的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:
该制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,制备备用溶液:将5-6份碳酸铯加入到30份十八烯溶液中,充分搅拌,再加入1-2份油酸,并在氮气保护下升温至碳酸铯充分溶解;降温至135℃-138℃,得到备用溶液,所述备用溶液为澄清透明状;
步骤2,制备原液:将2-4份溴化铅加入到15-30份十八烯溶液中,充分搅拌,并在氮气保护下升温至110-120℃,保持恒温;再依次加入2-3份油氨和1.5-2份油酸,并搅拌至溴化铅充分溶解,再升温至150℃-160℃,然后注入所述备用溶液1-2份,充分搅拌后全部转移至冰水浴中冷却至室温,得到原液;
步骤3,将步骤2中制得的原液全部转移至离心管中,并向其中加入10-20份半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液进行超声波洗涤,离心,得到中间沉淀物;然后将中间沉淀物溶解在5-10份环乙烷溶液中,再次离心,收集上清液;收集到的所述上清液即为钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液;
所述半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液包含L-半胱氨酸或D-半胱氨酸;
步骤4,将步骤3制得的钙钛矿纳米晶体溶液全部取出放置于透明玻璃瓶中,并在恒温水浴中静置,得到最终沉淀物,该最终沉淀物即为手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒;
在步骤4中,所述恒温水浴的温度为25-30℃,静置的时间为8-12小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤1和步骤2中,所述十八烯溶液的纯度为90%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤2中,所述恒温的时间为20-30min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤2中,所述充分搅拌的时间为10-30s,所述冰水浴的温度为0-4℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤3中,所述离心和再次离心的转速均为8000转/分钟,时间均为5分钟。
6.根据权利要求1所述的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤3中,向其中加入的所述半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液包含L-半胱氨酸;导致在步骤4中,制得的所述手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒为L-钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
7.根据权利要求1所述的手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤3中,向其中加入的所述半胱氨酸无水乙醇溶液包含D-半胱氨酸;导致在步骤4中,制得的所述手性钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒为D-钙钛矿Cs4PbBr6纳米棒。
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