CN113880685B - 一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法 - Google Patents
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- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- -1 alkali metal salt Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- UAFOIVDGAVVKTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-octadecafluoronon-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F UAFOIVDGAVVKTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000006384 oligomerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- RMHCWMIZBMGHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluorohex-1-ene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F RMHCWMIZBMGHKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
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- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
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- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
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- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 125000005360 alkyl sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium bromide Chemical compound [NH4+].[Br-] SWLVFNYSXGMGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000371 poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium cyanate Chemical compound [K]OC#N GKKCIDNWFBPDBW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
- C07C17/26—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton
- C07C17/30—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by reactions involving an increase in the number of carbon atoms in the skeleton by a Diels-Alder synthesis
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
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Abstract
一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,在极性非质子溶剂中,以碱金属盐为主催化剂,烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物为辅助催化剂,在反应温度60~120℃,反应压力0.3~1MPa下通入六氟丙烯气体使其发生齐聚反应;所述极性非质子溶剂、主催化剂与辅助催化剂的质量比为100:3~10:1~5。本发明方法的组合催化剂活性好,价格低廉,反应收率高,三聚体全氟壬烯选择性高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及催化领域,尤其涉及一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法。
背景技术
六氟丙烯齐聚物具有良好的热力学稳定性与化学稳定性,可以作为优良的溶剂用于溶解含氟化合物,同时也可以与其它试剂进行反应从而引入含氟的疏水疏油基团,是制备多种含氟表面活性剂的重要中间体。六氟丙烯齐聚物一般是由六氟丙烯的低聚反应来制备的,其合成过程一般围绕六氟丙烯双键的活化和产物选择性调控进行,目前合成六氟丙烯齐聚物所得产物以二聚体居多,三聚体产物较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有技术中的上述问题,提供一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,组合催化剂活性好,价格低廉,反应收率高,三聚体全氟壬烯选择性高。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,在极性非质子溶剂中,以碱金属盐为主催化剂,烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物为辅助催化剂,在反应温度60~120℃,反应压力0.3~1MPa下通入六氟丙烯气体使其发生齐聚反应;所述极性非质子溶剂、主催化剂与辅助催化剂的质量比为100:3~10:1~5。
所述极性非质子溶剂选自醚类、烷基腈类、烷基亚砜类、烷基酰胺类中的至少一种,例如乙腈、二甲基亚砜、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺、乙二醇二甲醚、环丁砜、四氢呋喃、二乙二醇单甲醚、丙二醇单甲醚、二乙二醇二丁醚中的至少一种。
所述碱金属盐包括但不限于NaF、KF、CsF、NaSCN、NaOCN、NaCN、KSCN、KOCN、KCN、CsSCN、CsOCN、CsCN中的至少一种。
所述烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物包括但不限于聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚二甲基二烯丙基溴化铵中的至少一种。
优选地,所述极性非质子溶剂、主催化剂与辅助催化剂的质量比为100:4~6:2~3。
优选地,所述反应温度为100℃,反应压力0.5MPa。
所述六氟丙烯齐聚物包含全氟己烯和全氟壬烯中的一种或两种。
相对于现有技术,本发明技术方案取得的有益效果是:
本发明涉及一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,尤其是涉及一种组合催化剂活性好、价格低廉、反应收率高、三聚体全氟壬烯选择性高的合成方法。本发明采用烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物作为助催化剂,可以明显促进碱金属盐主催化剂催化六氟丙烯齐聚反应的进行,且可显著提高三聚体全氟壬烯的选择性。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明所要解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚、明白,以下结合实施例,对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例1
量取100mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺放入高压釜中,加入5g KF,2.5g聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至100℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为167g。100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,静置分离出下层淡黄色透明产物156.9g,收率为93.9%。经水洗干燥后,蒸馏分离出产物,用气相色谱分析,其中全氟己烯质量含量为1.3%,全氟壬烯质量含量为98%,其他副产物约为0.7%。
实施例2
量取100mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺放入高压釜中,加入5g CsF,2.5g聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至100℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为189g,100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,静置分离出下层淡黄色透明产物181g,收率为95.7%。经水洗干燥后,蒸馏分离出产物,用气相色谱分析,其中全氟己烯质量含量为0.7%,全氟壬烯质量含量为97%,其他副产物约为2.3%。
实施例3
量取100mL的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺放入高压釜中,加入5g KF,1.67g聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至100℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为132g。100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,静置分离出下层淡黄色透明产物120.2g,收率为91%。经水洗干燥后,蒸馏分离出产物,用气相色谱分析,其中全氟己烯质量含量为3.1%,全氟壬烯质量含量为95.8%,其他副产物约为1.1%。
实施例4
量取100mL的二甲基亚砜放入高压釜中,加入5g KF,2.5g聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至100℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为167g。100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,静置分离出下层淡黄色透明产物150.3g,收率为90%。经水洗干燥后,蒸馏分离出产物,用气相色谱分析,其中全氟己烯质量含量为1.5%,全氟壬烯质量含量为95.1%,其他副产物约为3.4%。
实施例5
量取100mL的二甲基亚砜放入高压釜中,加入5g CsF,2.5g聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至100℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为161g,100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,静置分离出下层淡黄色透明产物154.5g,即收率为95.9%。经水洗干燥后,蒸馏分离出产物,用气相色谱分析,其中全氟己烯质量含量为1.3%,全氟壬烯质量含量为94%,其他副产物约为4.7%。
实施例6
量取100mL的乙腈放入高压釜中,加入5g KF,2.5g聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至60℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为131g。100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,静置分离出下层无色透明产物125.6g,即收率为95.9%。经水洗干燥后,蒸馏分离出产物,用气相色谱分析,其中全氟己烯质量含量为97.1%,全氟壬烯质量含量为1.2%,其他副产物约为1.7%。
对比例1
量取100mL的二甲基亚砜放入高压釜中,加入5g CsF,2.5g 60%的二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵,将釜盖密封好后,接上抽真空装置,除去釜内空气,通入氮气,再抽真空,重复换气操作三次。换气操作完成后将高压釜升温至100℃活化1h,然后打开搅拌器在此温度下通入六氟丙烯气体,压力保持在0.5MPa,转速为800转/分钟。30min后关闭进气阀,充入气体质量为6g,100℃反应1h后停止搅拌,冷却至常温后打开釜盖将产物转移至分液漏斗中,未能得到齐聚产物。
综上,采用碱金属盐与小分子烯丙基类季铵盐组合使用,对六氟丙烯的聚合没有催化活性,而本发明采用碱金属盐与烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物组合使用,则可以明显促进六氟丙烯齐聚反应的进行,且六氟丙烯三聚体的选择性可显著提高。这是由于聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵,是采用一种特殊的成环聚合(radical cyclopolymerization)制备得到的,而且聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵具有高的电荷密度和柔性链段,链段之间的分子内静电排斥力使得聚合物链采用更延伸的构象,从而提高催化剂的相转移效率。导致二者在作为催化剂助剂时具有显著的催化性能。
Claims (4)
1.一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,其特征在于:在极性非质子溶剂中,以NaF、KF、或CsF为主催化剂,烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物为辅助催化剂,在反应温度60~120℃,反应压力0.3~1 MPa下通入六氟丙烯气体使其发生齐聚反应;所述极性非质子溶剂、主催化剂与辅助催化剂的质量比为100∶3~10∶1~5;当所述极性非质子溶剂选自乙腈,主产物为全氟己烯;当所述极性非质子溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺或二甲基亚砜,主产物为全氟壬烯。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述烯丙基类季铵盐的聚合物包括聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、聚二甲基二烯丙基溴化铵中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述极性非质子溶剂、主催化剂与辅助催化剂的质量比为100∶4~6∶2~3。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种六氟丙烯齐聚物的合成方法,其特征在于:所述反应温度为100℃,反应压力0.5MPa。
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