CN113880620A - Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste - Google Patents

Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113880620A
CN113880620A CN202111129551.4A CN202111129551A CN113880620A CN 113880620 A CN113880620 A CN 113880620A CN 202111129551 A CN202111129551 A CN 202111129551A CN 113880620 A CN113880620 A CN 113880620A
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China
Prior art keywords
kitchen waste
fermentation
liquid phase
mechanical
treatment method
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Pending
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CN202111129551.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘少云
陈学群
何秋娥
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Qiaoyin City Management Co ltd
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Qiaoyin City Management Co ltd
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Priority to CN202111129551.4A priority Critical patent/CN113880620A/en
Publication of CN113880620A publication Critical patent/CN113880620A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: 1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment; 2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid-phase fermentation; 3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing second liquid phase fermentation to obtain a liquid phase mixture; 4) the salt of the liquid mixture was removed by electrophoresis to obtain a fertilizer. The kitchen waste treated by the method can be changed into valuable, no odor is generated in the decomposition fermentation process, and the reduction, the recycling and the harmlessness of the kitchen waste are realized.

Description

Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste
Technical Field
The invention relates to an electric heating technology, in particular to a heater and an electric kettle.
Background
The kitchen waste refers to kitchen waste, waste edible oil and the like generated in activities such as food processing, food service, unit meal supply and the like except daily life of residents. The kitchen waste accounts for 30-50% of the total amount of municipal solid waste all over the world, and the most important treatment mode is landfill. Conservative estimates are that the total amount of kitchen waste generated in Chinese cities is not less than 9000 ten thousand tons every year, and the kitchen waste yield in large and medium cities is more striking. Because the kitchen waste is high in moisture content and easy to decay, and bacteria, pathogenic bacteria and mould are easy to breed, if the kitchen waste is not cleaned in time, toxic and harmful substances and foul smell can be generated, the pollution to the atmosphere, water and soil is caused, the health of human bodies is harmed, and the breeding of mosquitoes and flies and the propagation of various diseases can be caused under the serious condition.
The pretreatment of raw materials is the basis for keeping stable and efficient operation of kitchen waste engineering. The main component of the kitchen waste is biodegradable organic matter, but the main component of the kitchen waste is non-degradable components such as plastic bottles, chopsticks, metal objects and the like, and the impurities can not only damage subsequent equipment in the subsequent biochemical treatment and production equipment operation, but also reduce the separation efficiency of the organic matters and influence the methane yield produced by anaerobic digestion. Therefore, effective impurity removal pretreatment on the kitchen waste is the basis for ensuring stable and efficient operation of the engineering. The traditional separation process adopts a roller screening technology to remove large garbage firstly and then adopts a crushing separation technology to separate small garbage from tough non-nutrient substances and the like, but the process is complicated, the efficiency is low and the separation effect is not ideal. And the kitchen garbage generates unpleasant odor in the anaerobic decomposition process after being crushed, thereby influencing the surrounding living environment.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste, which is used for producing fertilizers by combining mechanical crushing and biological fermentation and realizes reduction, harmlessness and recycling.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid-phase fermentation;
wherein the microbial preparation is one or more of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactobacillus brevis and yeast;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing second liquid phase fermentation to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein the functional additive is a mixture of a nitrogen source, a potassium source, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide;
4) the salt of the liquid mixture was removed by electrophoresis to obtain a fertilizer.
Further, in the step 1), the water content of the kitchen waste subjected to dehydration treatment is 10-13%.
Further, in the step 2), the temperature of the first liquid phase fermentation is 70-85 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.
Further, in the step 2), the temperature of the second liquid phase fermentation is 30-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
Further, the nitrogen source is one or a combination of more than two of urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate; the potassium source is one or a composition of more than two of potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Further, the mass ratio of the functional additive to the fermentation product after the liquid phase fermentation is 1: 10 to 20.
Further, in the step 4), the current density for electrophoresis is 5-10 mA/cm2The electrophoresis time is 24-36 hours.
Further, in the step 4), after the second liquid phase fermentation is finished, removing salt of a fermentation product through electrophoresis, and adding auxiliary materials to obtain a solid fertilizer; wherein the adjuvant is one or more of sawdust, testa Tritici, testa oryzae or straw.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method for treating kitchen garbage comprises the following steps: crushing, dehydrating, mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, performing primary liquid-phase fermentation, decomposing organic waste by using microorganisms, and decomposing the organic waste into humic acid organic fertilizer; and (3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained after the first liquid phase fermentation, and performing the second liquid phase fermentation to obtain a liquid phase mixture, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the fertilizer is improved. And then removing salt of the liquid phase mixture through electrophoresis, reducing the influence on soil quality caused by overhigh chlorine content, and finally converting the kitchen waste into fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be noted that, without conflict, any combination between the embodiments or technical features described below may form a new embodiment.
Example 1
A mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment; wherein the water content of the kitchen waste subjected to dehydration treatment is 10%;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid phase fermentation at 70 ℃ for 10 days; wherein the microbial preparation is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 1: 1, mixture of leuconostoc mesenteroides, leuconostoc citreum and lactobacillus brevis; the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the kitchen waste is 1: 5;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing secondary liquid phase fermentation at 40 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein, the mixing ratio of the functional additive is 10: 5: 1: 1: 1 of urea, potassium sulfate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, barium hydroxide; the mass ratio of the functional additive to the fermentation product after the liquid phase fermentation is 1: 10;
4) the salt of the liquid mixture was removed by electrophoresis to obtain a fertilizer. Wherein, for electrophoresisHas a current density of 5mA/cm2The electrophoresis time was 36 hours.
Example 2
A mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment; wherein the water content of the kitchen waste subjected to dehydration treatment is 13%;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid phase fermentation at 85 ℃ for 10 days; wherein the microbial agent is yeast; the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the kitchen waste is 1: 10;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing secondary liquid phase fermentation at 30 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein, the mixing ratio of the functional additive is 10: 10: 1: 1: 1, a mixture of monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide; the mass ratio of the functional additive to the fermentation product after the liquid phase fermentation is 1: 20;
4) and removing salt from the liquid mixture through electrophoresis, and adding wheat bran as an auxiliary material to obtain the solid fertilizer.
Wherein the mass ratio of the auxiliary materials to the liquid mixture is 1: 4; the current density for electrophoresis was 10mA/cm2The electrophoresis time was 24 hours.
Example 3
A mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment; wherein the water content of the kitchen waste subjected to dehydration treatment is 12%;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid phase fermentation at 80 ℃ for 10 days; wherein the microbial preparation is leuconostoc mesenteroides; the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the kitchen waste is 1: 15;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing secondary liquid phase fermentation at 30 ℃ for 8 days to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein, the mixing ratio of the functional additives is 12: 14: 2: 1: 1, a mixture of monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide; the mass ratio of the functional additive to the fermentation product after the liquid phase fermentation is 1: 15;
4) and removing salt from the liquid mixture through electrophoresis, and adding sawdust as an auxiliary material to obtain the solid fertilizer.
Wherein the mass ratio of the auxiliary materials to the liquid mixture is 1: 6; the current density for electrophoresis was 15mA/cm2The electrophoresis time was 20 hours.
Example 4
A mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment; wherein the water content of the kitchen waste subjected to dehydration treatment is 11%;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid phase fermentation at 85 ℃ for 8 days; wherein the microbial preparation is Leuconostoc citreum; the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the kitchen waste is 1: 11;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing secondary liquid phase fermentation at 42 ℃ for 10 days to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein, the mixing ratio of the functional additive is 10: 10: 2: 2: 1, a mixture of monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide; the mass ratio of the functional additive to the fermentation product after the liquid phase fermentation is 1: 18;
4) removing salts from the liquid mixture by electrophoresis, and adding a solvent with the mass ratio of 1: 1, taking the rice bran and the wheat bran as auxiliary materials to obtain the solid fertilizer.
Wherein the mass ratio of the auxiliary materials to the liquid mixture is 1: 10; the current density for electrophoresis was 18mA/cm2The electrophoresis time was 24 hours.
Example 5
A mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste comprises the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment; wherein the water content of the kitchen waste subjected to dehydration treatment is 10%;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid phase fermentation at 70 ℃ for 5 days; wherein the microbial agent is Lactobacillus brevis; the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the kitchen waste is 1: 17;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing secondary liquid phase fermentation at 42 ℃ for 8 days to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein, the mixing ratio of the functional additive is 10: 10: 1: 1: 1, a mixture of monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide; the mass ratio of the functional additive to the fermentation product after the liquid phase fermentation is 1: 15;
4) removing salts from the liquid mixture by electrophoresis, and adding a solvent with the mass ratio of 1: 1, taking rice bran and platycodon grandiflorum as auxiliary materials to obtain the solid fertilizer.
Wherein the mass ratio of the auxiliary materials to the liquid mixture is 1: 12; the current density for electrophoresis was 15mA/cm2The electrophoresis time was 30 hours.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby, and any insubstantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) putting the kitchen waste into a crushing device for crushing, and then performing dehydration treatment;
2) mixing the dehydrated kitchen waste with a microbial preparation, and performing primary liquid-phase fermentation;
wherein the microbial preparation is one or more of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Lactobacillus brevis and yeast;
3) mixing the functional additive with the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) after liquid phase fermentation, and performing second liquid phase fermentation to obtain a liquid phase mixture; wherein the functional additive is a mixture of a nitrogen source, a potassium source, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and barium hydroxide;
4) the salt of the liquid mixture was removed by electrophoresis to obtain a fertilizer.
2. The mechanical-biological treatment method for the kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 1), the water content of the kitchen waste after dehydration treatment is 10-13%.
3. The mechanical-biological treatment method of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the temperature of the first liquid phase fermentation is 70-85 ℃, and the fermentation time is 7-10 days.
4. The mechanical-biological treatment method of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 2), the temperature of the second liquid phase fermentation is 30-40 ℃, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.
5. The mechanical-biological treatment method of the kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen source is one or a combination of more than two of urea, ammonium sulfate, diammonium phosphate or monoammonium phosphate; the potassium source is one or a composition of more than two of potassium sulfate, potassium nitrate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
6. The mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that the mass ratio of said functional additive to said fermentation product after liquid phase fermentation is 1: 10 to 20.
7. The mechanical-biological treatment method for the kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in the step 4), the current density for electrophoresis is 5-10 mA/cm2The electrophoresis time is 24-36 hours.
8. The mechanical-biological treatment method of kitchen waste according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 4), after the second liquid phase fermentation is completed, salt of the fermentation product is removed by electrophoresis, and auxiliary materials are added to obtain solid fertilizer; wherein the adjuvant is one or more of sawdust, testa Tritici, testa oryzae or straw.
CN202111129551.4A 2021-09-26 2021-09-26 Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste Pending CN113880620A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111129551.4A CN113880620A (en) 2021-09-26 2021-09-26 Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202111129551.4A CN113880620A (en) 2021-09-26 2021-09-26 Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN113880620A true CN113880620A (en) 2022-01-04

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202111129551.4A Pending CN113880620A (en) 2021-09-26 2021-09-26 Mechanical-biological treatment method for kitchen waste

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN113880620A (en)

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