CN113878119A - Laser direct deposition repair method for abrasion of tight-lock coupler for high-speed rail - Google Patents
Laser direct deposition repair method for abrasion of tight-lock coupler for high-speed rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN113878119A CN113878119A CN202111101787.7A CN202111101787A CN113878119A CN 113878119 A CN113878119 A CN 113878119A CN 202111101787 A CN202111101787 A CN 202111101787A CN 113878119 A CN113878119 A CN 113878119A
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- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000009659 non-destructive testing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007542 hardness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012805 post-processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/062—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts
- B22F2007/068—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools involving the connection or repairing of preformed parts repairing articles
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser direct deposition repair method for the abrasion of a tight-lock coupler for a high-speed rail, belongs to the field of laser remanufacturing, and is mainly used for maintaining the abrasion area of the tight-lock coupler for the high-speed rail. The method comprises the following steps: organization and performance evaluation is carried out, and whether the repair process meets the quality requirement of the tight-lock coupler is verified; crack cleaning and surface cleaning of a coupler wear surface; the coupler clamping and repairing unit carries out laser cladding repair; after repairing, dimension measurement verifies whether the dimension requirement is met; nondestructive testing requires no crack defects. The invention improves the comprehensive performance of the iron seal coupler, can reduce the generation probability of cracks, has convenient and quick process adjustment, simple process and wide application range, prolongs the service life of the iron seal coupler and reduces the remanufacturing cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser cladding repair, in particular to a laser direct deposition repair method for the abrasion of a tight-lock coupler for a high-speed rail.
Background
The high-speed rail tight-lock coupler is formed by precisely casting ZG18MnNiV steel with low cost, good strength and toughness and excellent welding performance, but the development of the railway industry to the direction of high speed and heavy load causes the local abrasion of the high-speed rail tight-lock coupler to be aggravated, the average depth of abrasion defects does not exceed 3mm, and the area of a to-be-repaired area is large. In order to improve the wear resistance of the working surface, the argon arc welding method is usually adopted to repair the defects. However, under the condition of higher heat input of argon arc welding, the difference of the structure performance of the bonding interface of the cladding layer and the base material is large, and the stress concentration and the crack generation are easy to occur on the working surface in the service process. In recent years, the laser cladding technology is widely applied to the preparation of wear-resistant layers, and theoretical support is provided for remanufacturing parts.
Disclosure of Invention
The material grade of the car coupler is ZG18MnNiV, the appearance of a car coupler abrasion area is shown in figure 1, the abrasion area is a rectangular end face, the area is about 200mm x 500mm, and the thickness is 3mm (the allowance of 0.5mm is reserved). The tensile strength of the coupler is more than or equal to 600MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 400MPa, the elongation after fracture is more than or equal to 23 percent, and the hardness HB is less than or equal to 290.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for repairing the wear of a tight-lock coupler for a high-speed rail by direct laser deposition, which includes the following steps:
firstly, carrying out comprehensive performance evaluation on the repair process through metallographic observation, microhardness detection and tensile and lateral bending performance tests, and verifying whether the repair process meets the quality requirement of the tight-lock coupler;
detecting a coupler wear surface by adopting fluorescent equipment, searching surface cracks, polishing and removing, slightly polishing the whole repair surface, and cleaning the surface by adopting acetone;
step three, drying the cladding material at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60min, and simultaneously clamping a coupler by using a machine tool positioner to carry out laser cladding repair;
and step four, measuring the repaired local size by using a vernier caliper to ensure that the thickness is more than 3 mm.
Fifthly, a fluorescent flaw detection method is adopted to detect the repaired position, and no crack defect is required;
preferably, in the first step, a metallographic sample, a microhardness sample and a lateral bending sample are sampled from the overlay welding layer (fig. 2), and a tensile sample adopts a butt joint and a cladding groove mode to obtain the bonding force between the cladding layer and the base material (fig. 3).
Preferably, the cladding material in the third step is nickel-based alloy powder, the particle size of the powder is 53-150 μm, and the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 16.5 to 19.0 percent of Cr, 3.15 to 4.15 percent of Nb, 8.0 to 9.0 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 5.0 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 2.5 percent of W, 6.5 to 8.0 percent of Co, less than or equal to 3.5 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni.
Preferably, the laser cladding process parameters in the third step are as follows: the laser power is 1500-2500W, the speed is 6-10 mm/s, the light spot is 3-5 mm, argon is used as shielding gas, helium is used as powder conveying gas, the argon flow is 15-20L/min, the helium flow is 4-8L/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder conveying amount is 6-11 g/min, and the defocusing amount range of the laser cladding equipment is set to be 14-16 mm.
Preferably, the laser cladding repair strategy in the third step is the size of the area to be repaired by the vernier caliper strategy, the area to be repaired is divided into a plurality of repair units according to the shape of the wear layer and the barrier, the cladding shape of each unit is determined, and meanwhile, corresponding field trial teaching is carried out by combining repair process parameters to plan the cladding track; when the plane area is repaired, the laser head does not need to be inclined; when a curved surface area is repaired, the laser head is perpendicular to a curved surface tangent vector after being inclined, and trial teaching is carried out along the curved surface for laser cladding repair; when the overlapped part of the repairing unit is repaired by the next repairing unit, the overlapped boundary of the previous repairing unit needs to be polished by an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees, the overlapping amount of each repairing unit is 2-3mm, and the phenomenon that the joint of each repairing unit is not fused is ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the laser direct deposition repair method for the abrasion of the tight lock coupler for the high-speed rail has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the zone cladding method provided by the invention can avoid thermal deformation and stress concentration caused by large-area cladding, has a small heat affected zone in the cladding process and a small generation probability of cracks.
2. The cladding layer and the substrate of the invention are metallurgically bonded, the comprehensive mechanical property is better,
3. the laser cladding processing method adopts on-site trial programming to carry out laser cladding processing, is convenient and quick in process adjustment, wide in application range, less in required post-processing, lower in cost and convenient to popularize and apply.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a coupler wear area topographical map.
FIG. 2 is a schematic of a weld overlay.
Figure 3 is a schematic drawing of a tensile property panel.
Fig. 4 is a macroscopic photograph of a test plate overlay test piece.
FIG. 5 is a tensile test plate macro topography.
FIG. 6 is a metallographic structure of a portion of the weld overlay bonded to the base.
FIG. 7 shows weld overlay hardness test measurement positions.
FIG. 8 is a weld overlay Brinell hardness distribution.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a coupler sub-unit repair.
Detailed Description
The invention will be explained in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings, wherein the specific process steps are as follows:
(1) ZG18MnNiV is selected as a base material, and process feasibility verification is carried out. The ZG18MnNiV comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.101% of Cr, 1.06% of Mn, 0.444% of Ni, 0.184% of V, 0.123% of Zn, 0.352% of Cu, 0.527% of Co and the balance of Fe. The cladding material is nickel-based alloy powder, and the particle size of the powder is 53-150 mu m. The cladding powder is dried at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60min and then is subjected to a laser cladding test.
(2) And carrying out comprehensive performance evaluation on the repair process through metallographic observation, microhardness detection, tensile and lateral bending performance tests, sampling metallographic, microhardness and lateral bending samples from the surfacing layer, and obtaining the bonding force of the cladding layer and the base metal by adopting a mode of butt joint and cladding groove for the tensile samples.
(3) The obtained surfacing layer and the butt joint cladding layer (figures 4 and 5) have good surface forming and metallic luster. The resulting weld overlay texture (fig. 6) can clearly show weld lines, Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) and weld overlay, without cracks and other surface defects, without individual pores >2 mm. Brinell hardness measurements were taken at about 3mm of the weld overlay surface along 45 ° with an average hardness of 240 HB; side weld overlay hardness of about 233 HB; the brinell hardness measurements (matrix) were performed along the side at 15 ° with an average hardness value of 170HB (fig. 7, 8). The bending angle of the side bending test is 120 degrees, the diameter of the bending core is 40mm, and in the test process, single defects in any direction of the test piece are smaller than 3 mm. The tensile strength and the yield strength of the butt joint filled with the nickel-based alloy powder are basically the same as those of the original parent metal, the elongation after fracture is lower than that of the parent metal, and the fracture positions are located on one side of the parent metal. The repair process meets the quality requirement of the tight lock coupler.
(4) Taking a picture of the abrasion part and the whole of the tight-lock coupler, detecting the abrasion surface of the coupler by adopting fluorescent equipment, searching surface cracks, cleaning and removing surface oxide layers and the cracks of the abrasion part by using a polishing tool, and cleaning the surface by adopting acetone.
(5) And (3) drying the cladding material, and simultaneously clamping a car coupler by using a machine tool positioner to perform laser cladding repair, wherein the repair strategy is the size of a to-be-repaired area of a vernier caliper strategy, and the to-be-repaired area is divided into 10 repair units according to the shape of a wear layer and an obstacle (figure 9). When repairing the plane area (area 1-6 in fig. 9), the laser head does not need to be inclined; when a curved surface region (7-10 regions in fig. 9) is repaired, the laser head is perpendicular to a curved surface tangent vector after being inclined, and trial teaching is carried out along the curved surface to repair laser cladding. When the overlapped part of the repairing unit is repaired by the next repairing unit, the overlapped boundary of the previous repairing unit needs to be polished by an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees, the overlapping amount of each repairing unit is 2-3mm, and the phenomenon that the joint of each repairing unit is not fused is ensured. The laser repair process parameters are as follows: the laser power is 1800W, the speed is 8mm/s, the light spot is 3.5mm, the powder feeding amount is 10g/min, the argon flow is 18L/min, the helium flow is 6L/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, and the layer thickness is 0.6 mm.
(6) The surface is smooth and bright after the repair, the local size after the repair is measured by a vernier caliper, and the repair thickness is more than 3 mm;
(7) and performing fluorescent flaw detection on the car coupler repair position, and displaying the surface wirelessly.
Compared with the prior art, the high-speed rail tight-lock coupler repaired by the technical scheme of the invention has no crack defect, compact microstructure, slightly higher microhardness than that of the parent metal, better tensile property than that of the parent metal, better comprehensive mechanical property and size meeting the assembly requirement. Meanwhile, the process is simple, and the remanufacturing cost of the car coupler is reduced. The installation is realized.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and all equivalent modifications made by using the contents of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A laser direct deposition repairing method for the abrasion of a tight-lock coupler for a high-speed rail is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
firstly, carrying out comprehensive performance evaluation on the repair process through metallographic observation, microhardness detection and tensile and lateral bending performance tests, and verifying whether the repair process meets the quality requirement of the tight-lock coupler;
detecting a coupler wear surface by adopting fluorescent equipment, searching surface cracks, polishing and removing, slightly polishing the whole repair surface, and cleaning the surface by adopting acetone;
step three, drying the cladding material at the temperature of 100 ℃ for 60min, and simultaneously clamping a coupler by using a machine tool positioner to carry out laser cladding repair;
measuring the repaired local size by using a vernier caliper to ensure that the thickness is more than 3 mm;
and step five, adopting a fluorescent flaw detection method to detect the repaired position, wherein no crack defect is required.
2. The method for repairing the abrasion of the coupler of the tight lock coupler for the high-speed rail by the direct laser deposition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the first step, a metallographic phase, microhardness and side bending sample is sampled from the surfacing layer, and the tensile sample adopts a butt joint and cladding groove mode to obtain the bonding force of the cladding layer and the base metal.
3. The method for repairing the abrasion of the coupler of the tight lock coupler for the high-speed rail by the direct laser deposition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the cladding material in the third step is nickel-based alloy powder, the granularity of the powder is 53-150 mu m, and the weight percentages of the components are as follows: 16.5 to 19.0 percent of Cr, 3.15 to 4.15 percent of Nb, 8.0 to 9.0 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 5.0 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 2.5 percent of W, 6.5 to 8.0 percent of Co, less than or equal to 3.5 percent of Ti, and the balance of Ni.
4. The method for repairing the abrasion of the coupler of the tight lock coupler for the high-speed rail by the direct laser deposition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the laser cladding process parameters in the third step are as follows: the laser power is 1500-2500W, the speed is 6-10 mm/s, the light spot is 3-5 mm, argon is used as shielding gas, helium is used as powder conveying gas, the argon flow is 15-20L/min, the helium flow is 4-8L/min, the lap joint rate is 50%, the powder conveying amount is 6-11 g/min, and the defocusing amount range of the laser cladding equipment is set to be 14-16 mm.
5. The method for repairing the abrasion of the coupler of the tight lock coupler for the high-speed rail by the direct laser deposition according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the laser cladding repair strategy in the third step is the size of the area to be repaired of the vernier caliper strategy, the area to be repaired is divided into a plurality of repair units according to the shape of the wear layer and the barrier, the cladding shape of each unit is determined, and meanwhile, corresponding field trial teaching is carried out by combining repair process parameters to plan the cladding track; when the plane area is repaired, the laser head does not need to be inclined; when a curved surface area is repaired, the laser head is perpendicular to a curved surface tangent vector after being inclined, and trial teaching is carried out along the curved surface for laser cladding repair; when the overlapped part of the repairing unit is repaired by the next repairing unit, the overlapped boundary of the previous repairing unit needs to be polished by an inclination angle of 30-45 degrees, the overlapping amount of each repairing unit is 2-3mm, and the phenomenon that the joint of each repairing unit is not fused is ensured.
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CN109536955A (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2019-03-29 | 南京工业大学 | Using laser coaxial synchronous powder feeding system method cladding mould repair technique |
CN109735843A (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2019-05-10 | 株洲辉锐增材制造技术有限公司 | It is a kind of increase laser melting coating high hardness alloy thickness degree process and its laser melting coating reparation product |
CN110819981A (en) * | 2019-10-21 | 2020-02-21 | 西北工业大学 | Method for repairing nickel-based single crystal turbine blade shroud |
CN111593343A (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2020-08-28 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Process method for repairing flap slide rail chromium plating surface chipping defect by laser cladding |
CN112195468A (en) * | 2020-10-23 | 2021-01-08 | 广东镭奔激光科技有限公司 | Damaged blade repairing method and device of blisk based on double laser beams |
CN112877689A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-01 | 浙江工业大学 | Process for repairing surface defects of metal parts through full-angle posture of laser cladding head |
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