CN108559997A - A kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process and device based on the layering of plane partition space - Google Patents
A kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process and device based on the layering of plane partition space Download PDFInfo
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- CN108559997A CN108559997A CN201810209239.8A CN201810209239A CN108559997A CN 108559997 A CN108559997 A CN 108559997A CN 201810209239 A CN201810209239 A CN 201810209239A CN 108559997 A CN108559997 A CN 108559997A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process and device based on the layering of plane partition space, belong to material surface engineering and laser technology application field.Use the dynamic gradient melting and coating process of plane partition space layering, cladding part is divided into N layers, every layer different according to part different zones function, it is divided into multiple plane domains, the ingredient that alloy powder is dynamically adjusted in the cladding process in each region is matched and melting and coating process parameter, great-jump-forward cladding is carried out, to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties such as part corresponding site high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, high intensity and high tenacity.Inhibit warpage issues caused by cladding in order simultaneously, improve the cladding quality of cladding layer, to obtain more ideal cladding effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process and device based on the layering of plane partition space, belong to material table
Face engineering and laser technology application field.Especially suitable for dynamically adjusted in cladding process alloy powder composition proportion and
Melting and coating process parameter, come the manufacture work of the comprehensive mechanical properties such as the high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, high intensity and high tenacity that improve workpiece
Skill.
Background technology
Laser melting coating (Laser Cladding) is called laser cladding, and laser melting coating is a kind of emerging rapid shaping skill
Art.It is allowed to by placing selected coating material on by cladding matrix surface with different adding material modes through laser irradiation
It melts with matrix surface a thin layer, and quickly formation dilution is extremely low after solidification, is applied at the surface of metallurgical binding with matrix simultaneously
Layer, significantly improves wear-resisting, anti-corrosion, heat-resisting, anti-oxidant and electrical characteristic the process of substrate surface, changes to reach surface
Property or the purpose of reparation, had not only met the requirement to material surface particular characteristic, but also saved a large amount of noble element.The technology
Have the function of that microstructure of surface cladding layer is fine and close, forming is fast, with short production cycle, it is good etc. to realize material gradient, the high controllability of flexibility degree
Advantage, therefore application prospect is very wide.
From the point of view of the applicable cases of present laser cladding, main application is in three aspects：One, the surface of material is changed
Property, such as gas turbine blade, roll, gear etc.；Two, to the surface reconditioning of product, such as rotor, mold etc..Three, rapid prototyping system
It makes.It utilizes the successively sintering of metal powder to be superimposed, quickly produces model.Current widely used laser cladding of material is main
Have：Ni-based, cobalt-based, ferrous alloy, tungsten carbide composite, the materials such as ceramics.Wherein, and it is most with nickel-base material application, with
Cobalt-based material is compared, cheap.However, flourishing with modern manufacturing industry, the different parts of each part are held
Corresponding function is carried on a shoulder pole, the performance requirement in different extreme environment each sections also differs widely, single static alloyed powder
Last composition proportion and manufacturing process have been difficult to meet the above demand.
Invention content
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of dynamic gradient claddings based on the layering of plane partition space
Technique and device use the same material dynamic gradient melting and coating process of plane partition space layering, i.e., cladding part are divided into N
Layer, every layer different according to part different zones function, are divided into multiple plane domains, the dynamic in the cladding process in each region
The ingredient of adjustment alloy powder is matched and melting and coating process parameter, and great-jump-forward cladding is carried out, come improve part corresponding site high temperature resistant,
The comprehensive mechanical properties such as corrosion-resistant, high intensity and high tenacity.Inhibit warpage issues caused by cladding in order simultaneously, improves cladding
The cladding quality of layer, to obtain more ideal cladding effect.
Its specific steps are：
(1) mechanical property that each position of analysis cladding part needs to have, is divided into several big cladding regions, each cladding region root
Corresponding alloying element is selected according to the required mechanical property in the region, carries out the proportions a of alloy powder elemental composition：b：
C selectes one such element, adjusts powder powder feeder powder feeding rate and is calculated on the basis of this rate to optimal rate v
The powder feeding rate and powdered ingredients ratio of the corresponding powder powder feeder of each element are unanimously a：b：c.
(2) software is utilized to realize plane subregion according to the alloying elements distribution situation in rapid (1), space delamination that is, will be whole
A cladding part is divided into N layers, and every layer is divided into multiple and different cladding regions, and cladding path rule are carried out on each cladding region
It draws, computer automatically generates numerical control feed program code.
(3) after the polishing of cladding matrix surface, cladding matrix surface impurity particle is removed using hairbrush.
(4) all material powder is ground respectively, then powder is dried.
(5) powder blenders are adjusted, each powder feeder is connected and carries out powder feeding test, it is then corresponding according to each cladding region
Powder constitution selects different laser power parameters to carry out cladding test, observes cladding effect and cladding quality, chooses the region
The matched optimal laser cladding technological parameter of powder institute, records the corresponding optimal melting and coating process parameter in all cladding regions, most
Corresponding optimal melting and coating process parameter is set in the cladding program corresponding to each region afterwards, is realized entire zero with this
The dynamic adjustment of laser technical parameters, makes its entirety reach best cladding effect in the cladding process of part.
(6) cladding matrix is moved to every layer of cladding start position of cladding platform using multi-shaft interlocked workbench, according to flat
Face subregion path carries out it laser melting coating using coaxial powder-feeding laser, adjusts the powder that powder feeder parameter makes its control send out
Last thickness is considered as cladding layer 1.
(7) after every layer of cladding, cladding surface, which carries out mechanical grinding, makes surfacing, makes metallurgical junction between layers
It closes even closer.
(8) it repeats step (6) and (7) to operate, the parameter of laser melting coating is dynamic with the variation of powdered ingredients ratio during being somebody's turn to do
State adjusts；Laser melting coating until completing entire part finally cuts away redundance to piece surface mechanical processing, and is beaten
Grinding and polishing light processing so that Part Surface Roughness reaches corresponding requirement, so far completes the dynamic gradient to entire part
Cladding.
In step (2), the software is that computer aided manufacturing aided metal cladding forming programs expert, V4.3SAU-LDMPI
anner430。
In step (3), the roughness after the polishing of cladding matrix surface is between Ra6.3-Ra12.5, and cladding matrix is using molten
It covers substrate clamp to fix, cladding substrate clamp is fixed at 1/3 position of cladding body upper surface.
In step (4), all material powder is ground to average grain diameter a≤10um respectively, and powder is placed in drying box
100-200 DEG C of dry 6h.
In step (5), laser cladding technological parameter range is as follows：2.0~4.0KW of laser power, 4~9mm/ of sweep speed
S, spot diameter 2-5mm, overlapping rate 10%~30%, 3~5L/min of protection gas Ar, defocusing amount 200-300mm.
In step (6), powder thickness b takes 0.4mm.
In step (7), the roughness after cladding surface progress mechanical grinding is between Ra6.3-Ra12.5.
The present invention has following gain effect：
(1) composition proportion and melting and coating process parameter of alloy powder are dynamically adjusted in the achievable cladding process of the present invention,
Come comprehensive mechanical properties such as the high temperature resistants, corrosion-resistant, high intensity and high tenacity that improve workpiece.
(2) the achievable same material of the present invention is provided simultaneously with the quick forming fabri-cation of a variety of gradient performances.
(3) the plane subregion laser melting coating that the present invention uses so that thermal stress distribution is more uniform, greatly reduces part
Buckling deformation incidence obtains the higher cladding plane of precision
(5) present invention is pollution-free, technique is applied widely, and forming cost is low, high degree of automation, and shaping workpiece is comprehensive
Can be excellent, it is suitable for various laser melting and coating process.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that laser melting coating plane partition space is layered schematic diagram.
Wherein figure (a) is space delamination schematic diagram, and N is the number of clad layers, and b is single layer cladding layer thickness, and h is that part is always high
Degree.
Scheme the plane subregion schematic diagram that (b) is wherein one layer.3 big cladding regions are divided into figure (b), from left to right successively
For the first big region, the second largest region, the third-largest region；First big region accounts for the 60% of entire cladding base surface area, point
For the zonules 1-6, the second largest region accounts for the 30% of entire cladding base surface area, is divided into the zonules 7-9, and the third-largest region accounts for
The 10% of entire cladding base surface area, is divided into the zonules 10-12, and the area of each big region small area is identical；Wherein
1-12 is to be followed successively by each region laser melting coating sequence, and each region arrow direction is the region laser melting coating direction, is followed successively by water
It is flat, vertical, vertical, horizontal, vertical, horizontal, horizontal, vertical, horizontal, vertical, horizontal, vertical.
Fig. 2 is a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process flow process chart based on the layering of plane partition space.
Fig. 3 is a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process and apparatus structure schematic diagram based on the layering of plane partition space.
1 multi-shaft interlocked workbench, 2 cladding matrix, 3 cladding substrate clamp
4 mechanical grinding arm, 5 light beam is converted and 6 CNC console of regulating device
7 central control processor, 8 light spot adjusting device 9 is all-trans light microscopic
10 neodymium glass laser, 11 neodymium glass laser controller, 12 powder feeding monitor
13 powder dynamic mixer, 14 air pump, 15 argon gas protects gas
No. 2 18 powder feeders 3 of 16 powder feeder 1,17 powder feeder
19 argon gas protect gas
Fig. 4 is a kind of combined area section metallographic structure figure of the dynamic gradient cladding based on the layering of plane partition space.
Fig. 5 is a kind of intermediate layer cross section metallographic structure figure of the dynamic gradient cladding based on the layering of plane partition space.
Fig. 6 is a kind of surface layer section metallographic structure figure of the dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space.
Specific implementation mode
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is described in detail with example below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention should not be limited only
In embodiment.
It is a kind of to carry out TiB/TiC/TiB on titanium alloy substrate surface using above-mentioned processing method2/ Nb/La/Ni/Mo is compound
The example of powder coating gradient cladding, cladding layer thickness 4mm, the cladding layer thickness needed are a, and the powder thickness of submitting is b, N
It is equal to a/b+1；Cladding base material selection TC4 titanium alloys are tested, ingredient (mass fraction, %) is:6.8Al、4.2V、0.3Fe、
0.2O, 0.1C, surplus Ti, hardness 350HV0.2, specimen size are 20mm × 20mm × 4mm, and choice of powder element is TiC+
TiB2+ Mo+Nb, La, Ni hybrid alloys powder mechanical impurity as cladding material, powder proportions are into action in cladding process
State adjusts, and mixture is put to be ground in the ball mill, so that it is uniformly mixed, step is：
(1) compound addition alloying element Ti/Nb/La can reduce crystal grain defect, significantly improve NEW TYPE OF COMPOSITE powder melting layer
Mechanical property and enduring quality.Two kinds of hard reinforced phases of TiB, TiC have good wear-resisting property because of its high rigidity, help
In the raising of cladding layer wearability.Mo elements help to improve high-temperature behavior, red hardness.It is carried out according to alloys producing each
The distribution of region alloying element proportional components, the first big region we need the grain structure for stablizing refinement and comprehensive mechanical property
Can, a bit to life requirement height, so selecting 60%TiC+20%TiB2+ 9%Mo+11%Nb, La, Ni hybrid alloys powder
End, the ratio between above-mentioned each powder powder feeder powder feeding rate correspond to 60：20：9：11；The second largest region requires high temperature resistance high
A bit, so selecting 58%TiC+18%TiB2+ 19%Mo+5%Nb, La, Ni hybrid alloys powder, above-mentioned each powder powder feeder
The ratio between powder feeding rate corresponds to 58：18：19：5；The third-largest region is relatively high to wearability requirement, therefore selects 65%TiC+
25%TiB2+ 9%Mo+1%Nb, La, Ni hybrid alloys powder, the ratio between above-mentioned each powder powder feeder powder feeding rate correspond to 65：
25：9：1；Wherein three kinds of elemental composition accountings of Nb, La, Ni mixed-powder are divided equally by equal proportion, the powder feeding speed of TiC powder powder feeder
Rate is 400mg/s, and as benchmark, the powder feeding rate of each powder powder feeder is calculated according to aforementioned proportion.
(2) soft SA U-LDMPI anner430 (computer aided manufacturing aided metal cladding forming programs expert V4.3) basis is utilized
Alloying elements distribution situation in step (1) realizes plane subregion, space delamination；Wherein space is divided into 11 layers, and every layer according to Fig. 1
(b) plane subregion, cladding path planning are carried out.
(3) it is Ra12.5 that cladding matrix surface, which is polishing to roughness, and matrix surface impurity particle is removed using hairbrush.Simultaneously
Cladding matrix is fixed using work piece holder, fixture clamping is at 1/3 position of matrix cladding upper surface, it is ensured that clamping jail
Gu.
(4) all material powder is ground to average grain diameter a≤10um respectively, powder is placed in 100-200 in drying box
DEG C dry 6h.
(5) powder blenders are adjusted, the compressed argon sprayed using air pump carries out powder mixing in powder blenders,
It connects each powder feeder and carries out powder feeding test, select each region laser power parameters, laser molten according to mixed-powder component ratio
Coating process parameter approximate range is as follows：The laser cladding technological parameter that first big region is selected：Laser power 2.0KW, scanning speed
Spend 5mm/s, spot diameter 2mm, overlapping rate 20%, 3~5L/min of protection gas Ar, defocusing amount 260mm.The second largest region choosing
Laser cladding technological parameter：Laser power 3.0KW, sweep speed 7mm/s, spot diameter 3mm, overlapping rate 30%, protection
3~5L/min of gas Ar, defocusing amount 260mm.The laser cladding technological parameter that the third-largest region is selected：Laser power 2.5KW,
Sweep speed 7mm/s, spot diameter 2.5mm, overlapping rate 20%, 3~5L/min of protection gas Ar, defocusing amount 250mm.It will count
According to input computer.
(6) central processing unit automatically controls powder mixing according to Sub-region and hierarchical situation and laser cladding technological parameter is adjusted,
Sample is moved to every layer of cladding start position of cladding platform using multi-shaft interlocked workbench, using coaxial powder-feeding laser to it
Laser melting coating is carried out, adjusting powder feeder parameter makes its powder thickness b sent out take 0.4mm, is considered as cladding layer 1.
(7) after every layer of cladding, cladding surface, which carries out mild mechanical polishing, makes surfacing to roughness be Ra12.5.
(8) it repeats step (6) and (7) to operate, the parameter of laser melting coating and powdered ingredients are matched according to step during being somebody's turn to do
(1) it is automatically adjusted with (5)；Laser melting coating until completing entire part finally cuts away excess portion to piece surface mechanical processing
Point, and carrying out sanding and polishing processing so that Part Surface Roughness reaches corresponding requirement.
Wire cutting is carried out to dynamic gradient cladding sample, takes its section to do metallographic structure observation, as shown in Figure 4,5, 6：From
The metallographic structure it can be seen from the figure that combined area of Fig. 4 calmodulin binding domain CaMs is made of a large amount of fine and compact gritty textures, graininess
Filled with a large amount of white bright spot tissue between tissue.In the middle part of the metallographic structure it can be seen from the figure that cladding layer of Fig. 5 middle layers
It is reduced compared with surface layer rod-like phase, and dendroid, gritty texture increase, and middle part dendritic structure becomes thick compared with top, is dilute
It dredges, while having also appeared a small amount of bulk and white bright spot tissue in organizing.Metallographic structure it can be seen from the figure that from the surface layers Fig. 6
Cladding layer surface layer is constituted by being orientated consistent rodlike, dendritic structure, while being also mingled with a small amount of graininess group in the tissue
It knits.Therefore, microstructure of surface cladding layer is showed from surface layer to interface from rodlike, the blocky trend changed to dendroid, graininess.Stick
Shape, dendritic structure are respectively TiB, TiC hard reinforced phase, and two kinds of hard reinforced phases have good wear-resisting because of its high rigidity
Performance contributes to the raising of wearability.Massive texture in the middle part of cladding layer is mainly made of Ti C phases, and at middle part and combination
Content white bright spot in rising trend in area's is TiNi, Ti2Ni intermetallic compound eutectic structures make have in the middle part of cladding layer
Very high toughness, and the addition of Mo elements then greatly improves the high temperature resistance of cladding part.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space, it is characterised in that：Using plane partition space
Cladding part is divided into N layers by the dynamic gradient melting and coating process of layering, every layer different according to part different zones function, are divided into
Multiple plane claddings region dynamically adjusts the composition proportion and melting and coating process ginseng of alloy powder in the cladding process in each region
Number carries out great-jump-forward cladding, to improve part corresponding site high temperature resistant, corrosion-resistant, high intensity and high tenacity comprehensive mechanical property,
Inhibit warpage issues caused by cladding in order simultaneously, improve the cladding quality of cladding layer, to obtain more ideal cladding
Effect；Mechanical grinding is carried out between layers, keeps combination between layers even closer.
2. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The determination method of N is as follows：The cladding layer thickness needed is a, and the powder thickness of submitting is b, and N is equal to (a/b)+1.
3. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
It is as follows：
(1) mechanical property that each position of analysis cladding part needs to have is divided into several big cladding regions, and each cladding region is according to this
The required mechanical property in region selects corresponding alloying element, carries out the proportions a of alloy powder elemental composition：b：C, choosing
Fixed one such element adjusts powder powder feeder powder feeding rate and calculates each on the basis of this rate to optimal rate v
The powder feeding rate and powdered ingredients ratio of the corresponding powder powder feeder of element are unanimously a：b：c；
(2) software is utilized to realize plane subregion, space delamination will entirely melt according to the alloying elements distribution situation in rapid (1)
It covers part and is divided into N layers, every layer is divided into multiple and different cladding regions, and cladding path planning is carried out on each cladding region,
Computer automatically generates numerical control feed program code；
(3) after the polishing of cladding matrix surface, cladding matrix surface impurity particle is removed using hairbrush；
(4) all material powder is ground respectively, then powder is dried；
(5) powder blenders are adjusted, each powder feeder is connected and carries out powder feeding test, then according to the corresponding powder in each cladding region
Composition selects different laser power parameters to carry out cladding test, observes cladding effect and cladding quality, chooses the region powder
The matched optimal laser cladding technological parameter of institute, records the corresponding optimal melting and coating process parameter in all cladding regions, finally exists
Corresponding optimal melting and coating process parameter is set in cladding program corresponding to each region, is realized in entire part with this
The dynamic adjustment of laser technical parameters, makes its entirety reach best cladding effect in cladding process；
(6) cladding matrix is moved to every layer of cladding start position of cladding platform using multi-shaft interlocked workbench, according to plane point
Area path carries out it laser melting coating using coaxial powder-feeding laser, adjusts the powder thickness that powder feeder state modulator is sent out, depending on
For cladding layer 1；
(7) after every layer of cladding, cladding surface, which carries out mechanical grinding, makes surfacing, makes metallurgical binding between layers more
Step up close；
(8) it repeats step (6) and (7) to operate, the parameter of laser melting coating is adjusted with the variation dynamic of powdered ingredients ratio during being somebody's turn to do
It is whole；Laser melting coating until completing entire part finally cuts away redundance to piece surface mechanical processing, and carries out polishing throwing
Light processing so that Part Surface Roughness reaches corresponding requirement, so far completes the dynamic gradient cladding to entire part.
4. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (2), the software is that computer aided manufacturing aided metal cladding forming programs expert, V4.3SAU-LDMPI anner430.
5. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (3), between Ra6.3-Ra12.5, cladding matrix is pressed from both sides the roughness after the polishing of cladding matrix surface using cladding matrix
Tool is fixed, and cladding substrate clamp is fixed at 1/3 position of cladding body upper surface.
6. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (4), all material powder is ground to average grain diameter a≤10um respectively, and powder is placed in drying box and is done for 100-200 DEG C
Dry 6h.
7. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (5), laser cladding technological parameter range is as follows：2.0~4.0KW of laser power, 4~9mm/s of sweep speed, hot spot are straight
Diameter 2-5mm, overlapping rate 10%~30%, 3~5L/min of protection gas Ar, defocusing amount 200-300mm.
8. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (6), powder thickness b takes 0.4mm.
9. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that
In step (7), the roughness after cladding surface progress mechanical grinding is between Ra6.3-Ra12.5.
10. a kind of dynamic gradient melting and coating process based on the layering of plane partition space as claimed in claim 3, feature exist
In the plurality of different cladding region refers to：3 big cladding regions are divided into, are followed successively by the first big region, second largest from left to right
Region, the third-largest region；First big region accounts for the 60% of entire cladding base surface area, is divided into the zonules 1-6, the second largest area
Domain accounts for the 30% of entire cladding base surface area, is divided into the zonules 7-9, and the third-largest region accounts for entire cladding base surface area
10%, be divided into the zonules 10-12, the area of each big region small area is identical；Wherein 1-12 is to be followed successively by each region to swash
Light cladding sequence, each region arrow direction is the region laser melting coating direction, is followed successively by horizontal, vertical, vertical, horizontal, perpendicular
Directly, horizontal, horizontal, vertical, horizontal, vertical, horizontal, vertical.
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| CN116497330A (en) * | 2023-04-28 | 2023-07-28 | 华中科技大学 | High-strength and high-toughness titanium alloy and magnetron sputtering-based titanium alloy component screening method |
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